Regional Command Research Articles

Surge Capacity of Taipei's Regional Emergency Medical System during COVID-19: A System Dynamics Approach.

The community transmission of COVID-19 has caused the breakdown of the regional emergency medical system (REMS), impacting the rights and care of regional patients with acute and severe conditions. This study proposes a model for the surge capacity of REMS to plan for readiness and preparedness during challenging events that overload capacity. The surge capacity of REMS during the COVID-19 pandemic was studied. The data collection included 26 hospitals that received the data. To simulate the dynamics of Taipei's REMS surge capacity, we observed its ability to treat COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This will involve monitoring the stock of ventilators, physicians, and nurses within the subsystem loops. Healthcare managers and administrators can use the overload model and hypothetical scenarios to develop new scenarios with different demands on surge capacity. The REMS system capacity model can be used as an aid to guide planning and cross-checking for address Prepare to plan. We combined data regarding the availability of ventilators, physicians, nurses, specialized beds, and general acute care beds in our simulations. Thus, our simulations, with support from a well-established regional command and management structure, could help REMS achieve the optimal surge capacity.

ANTISIPASI SATUAN KOMANDO KEWILAYAHAN TNI AD MENGHADAPI ERA BONUS DEMOGRAFI MENUJU INDONESIA EMAS 2045

This research aims to analyze the anticipation of the regional command units of the Indonesian National Army in facing the era of the demographic bonus towards a Golden Indonesia 2045. As one of the components of the nation, the Indonesian National Army seeks to assist the government in utilizing the demographic bonus so that it becomes a demographic blessing and not a disaster demographics. The theoretical conceptual framework used is the concept of territorial development. The research method used is a qualitative method and data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that the anticipation of the territorial command units of the national army in facing the demographic bonus is carried out by carrying out territorial development functions (geographic development, demographics, social conditions) and territorial development methods (social communication, regional resilience development, TNI service), as well as ideas innovation in the form of territorial development that focuses on education, health and economic aspects.

Disguised Among the Sea: The Implications of Artificial Islands on Casualty Care in the Indo-Pacific.

As reported in the 2022 Biden-Harris National Security Strategy, China is perceived as the primary U.S. competitor with the intent and means to become the world's greatest superpower. China's efforts, which are at odds with America's ambition to maintain its global influence, are complemented by ostensibly harmless "gray zone tactics," defined as coercive geopolitical, economic, military, and cyber activities below the use of kinetic military force. Such tactics may be utilized with seemingly innocuous intentions, but in reality, they can complicate U.S. combat casualty care in the event of an Indo-Pacific conflict. One tactic of particular impact is China's development of artificial islands throughout the South China Sea. By creating these islands, China is expanding its reach beyond its continental borders. These islands, alongside China's well-developed naval and missile capabilities, will cause disruptions to U.S. casualty care staging, medical resupply, and aeromedical evacuations. To mitigate those threats, the USA should implement a robust regional Combatant Command Trauma System, improve global health security cooperation with local partner nations, and implement irregular or guerilla trauma systems that meet medical needs in impromptu, clandestine settings. Operational recommendations based on these efforts could include pre-positioning tactical combat casualty care and damage control resuscitation supplies and developing with nearby host-nation evacuation platforms such as small boat operators. These solutions, among others, require years of training, relationship-building, and capability development to institute successfully. As a result, U.S. Military leaders should act now to incorporate these strategies into their irregular warfare, low-intensity conflict, and large-scale combat operation toolkits.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DENGAN WORK ENGAGEMENT PADA PERSONIL KOREM 092/MAHARAJALILA BULUNGAN

The Indonesian National Army (TNI) is a servant of the state that upholds the sovereignty and defense of the territory of the State of Indonesia. The Military Resort Command (KOREM) is a territorial unit under the supervision of the Military Regional Command (KODAM). Ideal work engagement provides strong attention energy so that employees provide the best expertise they have in their work. Leadership style is the process of influencing people intentionally. The relationship between leadership styles illustrates the effectiveness in increasing the work engagement of members. Researchers used quantitative methods with a correlational approach with the subject of 64 members of the Army located in KOREM 092 / Maharajalila Bulungan. The data collection technique that researchers use is a questionnaire. The results of hypothesis testing showed a positive relationship between work engagement variables and leadership style variables with a significant value of p=0.000 (<0.005) with a correlation of R = 0.812. It can be concluded that there is a positive relationship between leadership style and work engagement at KOREM 092/Maharajalila Bulungan. The higher the leadership style, the higher the work engagement of KOREM 092/Maharajalila Bulungan personnel.

A Proposed Reading of Lachish Letter 4

Lachish Letter 4 is mostly legible and understandable, save one word, וידע, the punctuation and object of which are still controversial. Here, I suggest it should be read וְיָדַע and that its object is Šemaʻyāhū, a high-ranking army officer who came from Jerusalem to the Maresha Fortress in order to study Judah’s western defense lines. This proposition is supported by syntactical analogies with contemporaneous biblical verses. Thus interpreted, I propose that Lachish Letter 4 is not an alarming note on the fall of the Azekah Fortress, as some scholars argue, but a routine progress report on orders issued by the regional commander in Lachish.

The Influence of Autocratic, Participatory, and Delegation Leadership Styles on The Work Motivation of TNI ADMembersat Yonif 100/PS, Military Regional Command I/Bukit Barisan

This research aims to analyze the autocratic, participative, and delegative leadership styles on the motivation of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) Army (AD) personnel in Yonif 100/PS Kodam I or Bukit Barisan. This research is based on the significance of leadership styles in increasing the motivation and ability of personnel in the military area. Each leadership style has a different impact on the enthusiasm for activities and the effectiveness of the organization in carrying out their duties. This research examines how each leadership style authoritarian, participative, and delegative influences the motivation of the organization's activities, and the factors that may mediate or moderate the effects. In addition, this research aims to identify the most effective leadership style in increasing the motivation of personnel activities in Yonif 100/PS. A quantitative approach was used in this research, with data collection through questionnaires distributed to the Indonesian National Army (TNI) Army (AD) personnel in Yonif 100/PS. Data analysis was attempted using statistical methods to test the relationship between leadership style variables and motivation. The research results prove that participative leadership style has a significant positive impact on the motivation of organizational activities, compared to authoritarian and delegative leadership styles. Authoritarian leadership style tends to reduce motivation of activities, while delegative style has various effects related to the atmosphere and character of personnel. The area of activity and organizational culture are also found to influence the relationship between leadership style and work motivation. This research recommends the application of participative leadership style to increase the motivation of Indonesian National Army (TNI) Army (AD) personnel in Yonif 100/PS. This research provides meaningful participation for the development of efficient leadership strategies in the military context and becomes a reference for leaders in creating a more productive and harmonious work environment.

The Influence of Transformational Leadership Style and Military Organizational Culture on Soldier Performance at Makorem 101/Antasari

Improving the quality of soldier performance is greatly influenced by leadership and organizational culture. The aim of this study is analysis the influence of transformational leadership style and military organizational culture on the performance of soldiers in Makorem 101/Antasari. The research method is quantitative using partial least squarewith data analysis using Smart PLS 3.0 software. The study population consists of 100 soldiers from the Military Regional Command (MAKOREM) 101/Antasari. The result shows that transformational leadership style and military organizational culture on soldier performance.

COVID-19 Concerns, Information Needs, andAdverse Mental Health Outcomes among U.S. Soldiers.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted U.S. Military operations and potentially compounded the risk for adverse mental health outcomes by layering unique occupational stress on top of general restrictions, fears, and concerns. The objective of the current study was to characterize the prevalence of COVID-19 concerns and information needs, demographic disparities in these outcomes, and the degree to which COVID-19 concerns and information needs were associated with heightened risk for adverse mental health outcomes among U.S. Army soldiers. Command-directed anonymous surveys were administered electronically to U.S. soldiers assigned to one of three regional commands in the Northwest United States, Europe, and Asia-Pacific Region. Surveys were administered in May to June 2020 to complete (time 1: n = 21,294) and again in December 2020 to January 2021 (time 2: n = 10,861). Only active duty or active reservists/national guard were eligible to participate. Members from other branches of service were also not eligible. Highly prevalent COVID-19 concerns included the inability to spend time with friends/family, social activities, and changing rules, regulations, and guidance related to COVID-19. Some information needs were endorsed by one quarter or more soldiers at both time points, including stress management/coping, travel, how to protect oneself, and maintaining mission readiness. COVID-19 concerns and information needs were most prevalent among non-White soldiers. Concerns and information needs did not decline overall between the assessments. Finally, COVID-19 concerns were associated with greater risk of multiple adverse mental health outcomes at both time points. COVID-19 concerns and information needs were prevalent and showed little evidence of decrement over the course of the first 6 months of the pandemic. COVID-19 concerns were consistently associated with adverse mental health outcomes. These data highlight two targets and potential demographic subgroups such that local leadership and Army medicine and public health enterprises can be better prepared to monitor and address to maintain force health and readiness in the face of possible future biomedical threats.

COOPERATION OF REGIONAL MILITARY COMMAND III/SILIWANGI WITH REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS IN ACCELERATING COVID-10 VACCINATION IN THE PROVINCE OF WEST JAVA, INDONESIA

This study aims to analyze the cooperation of the III/Siliwangi Regional Military Command in assisting the West Java Provincial Government to accelerate the covid-19 vaccination since January 2021. The research question is how the III/Siliwangi Military Regional Command cooperates with the Regional Government in accelerating the covid-19 vaccination program in the Province West Java? In answering these questions, the analytical framework of cooperation theory is used, where cooperation carried out by two or more parties to achieve certain goals will be successful if it goes through the stages of communication, coordination, and collaboration. The research method used is a qualitative method with data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The results of the study found that the cooperation carried out by the Regional Military Command III/Siliwangi with the Regional Government in accelerating the covid-19 vaccination was realized through the following stages: (1) Communication, namely holding formal and informal meetings with regional heads, both governors, regents, and mayors to discuss vaccination plans; (2) Coordination, namely holding a coordination meeting for regional leaders to discuss the division of tasks in the vaccination program; (3) Collaboration, namely carrying out joint actions to hold vaccinations with the theme: "covid-19 vaccination rush".

A geographic and urban planning view of military administrative divisions

The following issues are discussed in this article: military-geographic regionalization questions, the relationship between the Earth's surface and the geographic sphere, two main types of divisions - physio-geographic territorial and economic-territorial divisions, the administrative-territorial division of different states, and the problem of complex physical-geographical zoning differentiation objectively through the existing natural-territorial complex of different ranks and varying degrees of complexity. By examining the military-administrative divisions of the US and Russian Federation, both past and present, it is concluded that these divisions are based on geographic-territorial considerations, encompassing continents, states, and interior administrative area boundaries. These divisions facilitate the optimal command and control of troops. The joint staff of the armed forces, responsible for strategic territorial division into different commands, considers and analyzes various components of the geographical background during the initial phase of combat operations, providing strategic advantages for regional commands in the theatre of military operations. This approach forms the basis for the efficient utilization of different types of forces.

Identifying Core Competencies for Medical Command and Control Teams Managing Covid-19

Introduction:The Covid-19 pandemic strained most of the world’s health care organizations to, and sometimes beyond, their limits. To anticipate, coordinate, mobilize, and prioritize hospital resources, Sweden’s health care regions established regional medical command and control teams according to the medical major incident structure. This command structure was initially developed based on an all-hazards approach focused primarily on sudden mass casualty incidents with a relatively short time frame. Covid-19 management was active for several months with a most intense operations period during the spring of 2020. This study aimed at identifying competence needs by employing a co-creative approach with members of the staff involved in the pandemic management.Method:Data was collected and analyzed using a modified Delphi consensus method. The respondents were subject matter experts serving in the regional medical command and control teams during the COVID-19 pandemic. One workshop was held to gather opinions, which were included as statements in a consensus survey and answered by the participants after the first workshop. A second workshop was held to discuss statements that did not reach initial consensus in the survey and establish final consensus.Results:The consensus agreed statements were sorted into five themes, which constituted the collective agreement of medical command and control core abilities. The five core competence themes were: Situation report, Team organization, Co-operation, Competence management, and Analysis. The consensus agreed statements highlighted competencies needed for creating situation reports, organizing medical command and control teams, effective cross-organization co-operation, decision-making, and medical intelligence analysis.Conclusion:The core competencies of medical command and control identified in the present study can be used to further affirm current learning objectives and to formulate future learning objectives for education and exercises. The evaluation approach could potentially be used as a post-incident review to fine-tune an organization’s training plan.

Critical Decision-making in Medical Command and Control During Early Covid-19: An Interview Study

Introduction:A resilient health care system is expected to withstand disruptive events and consistently deliver high quality care by continually adapting, learning, and improving. To achieve these expectations, medical command and control teams are responsible for making relevant strategic decisions, reallocating resources, and initiating cooperation. Early during Covid-19, medical command and control teams were faced with an unforeseen increase in number of patients, as well as unknown disease mechanisms and treatment regimes. Timely and adequate decision-making to become a resilient healthcare system and maintain high quality care was necessary. The aim of the present study was to describe the challenges and strategies in a medical command and control team during the early phase of the Covid-19 pandemic.Method:A semi-structured retrospective in-depth interview study with phenomenological approach and inductive design was used. Thirteen experienced decision makers serving in a regional medical command and control team were interviewed using the Critical Decision Method. The interviews were analyzed using manifest conventional content analyses.Results:The respondents described twelve separate episodes during the Covid-19 management. The analysis resulted in five themes: organization, adaptation, common operational picture, assumptions, and analysis. Organization described how organizational challenges affected the decision-making process. Adaptation described the strategies to overcome the obstructive organizational factors. Common operational picture described how challenges in lack of available information affected decision-making and strategies used in creating situational awareness. Assumptions offered descriptions of strategies used to make decisions. Analysis emphasized descriptions and strategies affecting the decision-making process.Conclusion:This study enables a better understanding of how medical command and control teams can be organized and structured, while also highlighting challenges in maintaining high-quality care during unexpected events. The findings obtained in the present study provide further knowledge about disaster resilience and can be utilized in educational and training settings for medical command and control.

The Archives of Saddam Hussein's Baʿth Party and the Politics of Remembering and Forgetting the Baʿthist Era in Iraq

On August 31, 2020, a US military plane returned the archive of the Baʿth Party Regional Command, more commonly known as the Baʿth Party Archive, to Iraq from California, where it had been held by Stanford University's Hoover Institution Library and Archives since 2008. A leftover issue from the 2003 Iraq War, it had been static as a policy matter for years, but appeared on the agenda of the US–Iraq Strategic Dialogue in summer 2020. Mustafa al-Kadhimi's emergence as the compromise choice for prime minister by Iraq's competing factions that May facilitated this development. Kadhimi, a journalist and human rights activist by background, was one of the cofounders with Kanan Makiya of the Iraq Memory Foundation (IMF), a nongovernmental organization that followed in the wake of the US-led invasion in 2003 as a US Department of Defense contractor. The origins of this relationship dated to the aftermath of the 1990–91 Gulf War. Shortly after arriving in Iraq in 2003, and responding to the rumor that looters were headed toward the mausoleum and museum of Baʿth Party founder Michel ʿAflaq, Kadhimi and Makiya by chance discovered the Baʿth Party Archive underneath the structure, which was adjacent to the Baʿth Party's headquarters in Baghdad.

A Systematic Review of Social Media and Government in the Social Science Discipline

The technical viewpoint recognises the critical role of information and communication technology as a driving force in our time. The importance of public policy management in the environment of public service institutions and regional commands is investigated from the standpoint of public administration and the use of social media. Academics need to map out ideas about how social media and government interact. This research aims to see the important themes or issues raised by scholars in social media and their government articles. What are the comprehensive factors that influence the use of social media in government circles? The research method used was a literature review on social media and government by reviewing journal articles on social media and government published in Scopus as data-based and processed using the NVivo 12 Plus analysis tool. The results of this study reveal five significant problems between social media and the government. These problems include digital difficulties, policies, information, communication, and politics. This research also gave birth to social media and government, which must take the form of digital activism; secondly, access to information disseminated by the government through social media; and third, administrative communication, which looks at how ideas are offered via social media to the government. Fourth, to achieve social media and government goals, it is necessary to demonstrate ethical and political behaviour, formulate policies following those goals, and then evaluate those policies through the implementation of rules or laws.

Patronage and authoritarian co-optation of the military: Theory with evidence from post-Mao China

How do dictators cultivate support among military leaders to mitigate their “guardianship dilemma”? A prominent thesis suggests autocrats in regimes with a dominant political party seek to prolong their rule by lavishing with career rewards underlings in their patronage networks built over a track record of trust and loyalty. This can be daunting for post-founding-generation dictators with little military experience and lacking prior interaction with their generals, an increasingly common challenge in party autocracies. Proposing a simple framework to think about the challenges of co-opting the military leaders for autocrats with different career background, I argue that party autocrats with no military career credentials can build new allegiance by bestowing job-related patronage on the military leaders appointed by themselves at the expense of legacy generals inherited from their predecessors. Analyzing yearly career outcomes of leaders of the regional commands of the People’s Liberation Army in post-Mao China, I find strong empirical support for the main argument. Compared with personal appointees, legacy generals were 63 percent less likely to be promoted under autocrats without military experience, but their odds of promotion did not seem to differ under autocrats boasting military career background. This study contributes to research on authoritarian efforts to tame internal threats, clientelism, party dictatorships, leader traits, and China’s civil-military ties.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНІ, ПРАВОВІ ТА МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЧИСЕЛЬНОСТІ КАДРОВИХ ПІДРОЗДІЛІВ У НАЦІОНАЛЬНІЙ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ

The study examines the organizational and legal aspects of the activities of personnel units in the National Guard of Ukraine. The main directions of personnel support of National Guard of Ukraine have been determined. The rules for calculating the strength of personnel units at the Regional Command, brigade, battalion level are defined. It was emphasized that the legal support for the activities of personnel units of National Guard of Ukraine needs significant improvement within the framework of Ukraine's movement towards joining NATO and ensuring the J-1 standard. The legal acts regulating the accounting of personnel at National Guard of Ukraine were considered and the corresponding changes to them were proposed. It is determined that human resources units and personnel accounting units perform related and interrelated functions and must be under a single command within a department, section, service, etc. An example of determining the sufficient number of personnel of the personnel work unit is given on the example of the simulated operational assignment brigade of National Guard of Ukraine.

Development of Smart Food Value Chain Intervention Models for the Milkfish Industry in Region 1, Philippines

Milkfish production is an important sector of the Philippine aquaculture industry. The Ilocos Region (Region 1), particularly the province of Pangasinan, is the country’s largest producer of milkfish. However, production and environmental constraints confront the milkfish industry, such as insufficient egg supply, degradation of water quality, limited processing facilities and technology, and noncompliance of small-scale processors to food safety standards. To achieve sustainability and resilience, the Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (DOST-PCAARRD) commissioned a value chain study to examine the current and “new normal” threats posed to Region 1’s milkfish industry. The study aims to develop intervention models to create a “smart” milkfish value chain. In a smart value chain, the industry players access quality information better, and there are technological innovations along the chain. Various milkfish industry players, such as hatchery operators, growout operators, market intermediaries, retailers, and processors, were interviewed for the study. Furthermore, consultations with various stakeholders, such as relevant government agencies and industry practitioners, determined the most suitable solutions to address the value chain’s core issues. The value chain analysis surfaced a need for an effective strategy to help farmers adopt technological solutions. In addition, the efforts of various support institutions should be harmonized and rationalized. We are proposing these interventions: (1) create a regional milkfish seedstock command center; (2) implement a science and technology community-based farm; and (3) establish a bangus processing enterprise development hub.

Sanskrit Legacy, The National Armed Forces, and Modern Political Culture of Indonesia

Despite seventy years of studying, the functioning of Sanskrit and Old Javanese loanwords in modern Indonesian remain understudied. There are a lot of Sanskrit loans in various spheres of modern Indonesian. Many Indonesian military units have Sanskrit names. There are famous Sanskrit loans for Indonesian official ideology Pancasila and for the Indonesian national emblem Garuda Pancasila. Many Indonesian orders, decorations and medals also have Sanskrit names, for example, the military orders Bintang Sakti, or the Sacred Star, and Bintang Dharma, or the Army Distinguished Service Star, instituted in 1958. The word for medal in Indonesian is satyalancana which is a Sanskrit loan compound. Military regional commands may have names of ancient polities or kings which are of Sanskrit origin. Perhaps, the most noteworthy examples are Military Regional Command II Sriwijaya in South Sumatra and Military Regional Command VI Mulawarman in Kalimantan/Borneo. Sriwijaya was a powerful Old Malay kingdom in the seventh–thirteenth centuries; its name means ‘Great or Glorious Victory’ in Sanskrit. Mulawarman was a ruler of an East Kalimantan kingdom in the area of modern Kutai in the fifth century. The paper examines the usage of Sanskrit loans in the National Armed Forces of Indonesia and in the Indonesian award system. Multiple examples of Sanskrit loans in these fields may reflect an emphasis of ancient common cultural heritage in a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society. At the same time, there is a flexible naming practice which is not restricted by Sanskrit loans. These words are used frequently but not exclusively.

Challenges of Effective Policing in Ghana: The Central Regional Command in Perspective

Challenges of Effective Policing in Ghana: The Central Regional Command in Perspective

Preservation of internal security in Namibia: Challenges for the Namibian Police Force

This study argues that preservation of internal security of Namibia should not be the primary responsibility of only the Namibian Police Force (NamPol). The issue of security has been the subject of interest throughout human existence and still reserves its principal occupation in the public domain. However, the challenges of insecurities and increased threats to human existence domestically and globally have triggered incessantly renewed security inquiry by scholars, security practitioners, politicians and public administrators. The study employed a qualitative approach; interviews were used to purposively collect data from 20 participants which comprised of the heads of directorates, the regional commanders in the Namibian Police Force, Legal Assistance Centre, NamRights, Namibian Defence Force, Namibian Correctional Service and Windhoek Municipal Police. The data was analysed using thematic analysis, which led to the development of the Framework for Performing Internal Security [FPIS] model. The findings indicate that due to the nature of factors linked to insecurities, such as technology, porous borders, political factors, environmental factors, inequality, poverty, unemployment and lack of provision for essential services, the Namibian police alone cannot preserve internal security effectively. As such, the study recommends that constitutional amendments to incorporate other stakeholders in the preservation Namibia’s internal security.