Government In Order Research Articles

Romanticizing the Past, Glorifying the Future

Development is a consistent element in the implementation of Indonesian policies. However, it has become increasingly challenging, particularly following the decline of the New Order regime and Indonesia’s rejection of certain political practices associated with it. This paper aims to present a reflective analysis of the evolving nature of development, from its initiation under the New Order regime to the present post-Reformation era, and how nationalist development navigates the intricate cultural landscape in Indonesia as well as exploring the possibility of the idea of ecological modernization being an alternative to the obsolete New Order development model.

РОЗВИТОК ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

The article examines the development of territorial communities in the conditions of martial law, real challenges for territorial communities that have arisen due to the war, and provides practical recommendations for overcoming crisis situations within territorial communities. The role of local self-government bodies in solving these problems is shown. The article examines already implemented measures regarding organizational and legal assistance by local self-government bodies to displaced persons and considers the prospects of further implementation of measures on social protection of the population in the event of a threat to life or health under martial law. On the basis of the conducted scientific analysis of the development of territorial communities under martial law, the authors express their own proposals aimed at ensuring the operation of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, protecting the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, ensuring, together with the military command, the implementation and implementation of measures of the legal regime of martial law, defense, civil protection, public order and security. It is noted that the territorial communities, which have become more efficient thanks to the municipal reform, demonstrate stability even in war conditions. The primary task of local authorities is to ensure the livelihood of communities, provide the necessary assistance, and establish administrative services. It was emphasized that territorial communities under martial law must rationally use available financial, material, personnel and other resources, as well as identify and attract their reserves in order to meet current needs, the needs of internally displaced persons, the development of the territory and military logistics, and the formation of the competitiveness of territorial communities in future. It is concluded that there is a need for further improvement of the legislative framework and the adoption of new provisions, for example, regarding the distribution of the functioning of communities located in the war zone or under occupation, or in the territory where hostilities are not taking place. Keywords: territorial community, local self-government bodies, services, social services, martial law.

ISLAM, (UN)CIVIL SOCIETY AND CHALLENGES FOR DEMOCRATISATION IN INDONESIA

This article tries to critically examine the idea of civil society in light of Indonesia's Islamist politics. This raises the question of how far the idea of a civil society in a democratic country leads to public civility. This is an important question that must be addressed. The Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia (MMI) is the main focus of this article. MMI, one of the most active Islamist organizations founded after the fall of the authoritarian regime of the New Order, develops political frameworks that endanger democracy and public civility. MMI became an organization that advocates for uncivil discourses of Islamic interpretation, thus representing Indonesia's (un)civil society. It is most visible in the organization's views on democracy and its interpretation of the "jihad" doctrine. As a result, the article concludes that the classification of Indonesian civil society should include both civil and (un)civil society. In addition to civil society, Indonesia should include uncivil society, even if their orientation is different. An un-civil society threatens democracy and public civility while civil society is fighting for it.

Indonesian Politicians From One Stage to Another

After the Reform Era's birth in 1998, following the New Order regime's downfall that had controlled Indonesian politics for 32 years, two shows dominate the Indonesian political stage: freedom and violence. Politicians manage their roles on the front-stage, middle-stage, and backstage with the different political communication styles from those in the New Order era. Today, political communications in the Parliament tend to be more fluid as well as interactional, circular, convergent, and even transactional instead of linear, where political communicators, politicians, activists, professionals, and people deliver their aspirations to the political stage and political journalists in more open political message exchanges. All politicians should be wise in presenting their roles in the political stage shows, and social media that functions as the middle stage for political shows, which they should manage well to align political shows with political stages.

TRANSFORMASI GOLONGAN ABANGAN MENUJU GERAKAN RADIKAL KEAGAMAAN (Dinamika Radikalisme Islam dalam Masyarakat Abangan di Solo, Jawa Tengah)

From the New Order until now, Solo has a reputation as a base of religious radicalism. In fact, the people of Solo tend to abangan culture based on Javanese ethics rather than santri culture. In fact, Islamic radicalism can emerge and exist in this region. In addition, there was also a transformation of the abangan group into radical santri. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to analyze and describe in depth the emergence and existence of Islamic radicalism in abangan society, the transformation of the abangan group and thugs into radical santri. The type of research used is a qualitative method with a descriptive phenomenological approach. The results showed that the emergence of radical Islamic movements in Solo began during the New Order regime that was repressive towards itspeople. The presence of Ustaz Abdullah Sungkar and Abu Bakar Ba’asyir is a symbol of local resistance to the regime. Islamic radicalism in Solo is able to exist due to its supporters. Supporters of this movement are not limited to the santri group, but also the abangan group. The occurrence of this transformation is paradoxical, because the relationship between abangan and santri is dichotomous. In fact, there are groups of people who are interested in being part of radical students because of criticism of local politics.

Parametric Design and Mechanical Characterization of 3D-Printed PLA Composite Biomimetic Voronoi Lattices Inspired by the Stereom of Sea Urchins

The present work is focused on the analysis of the microstructure of the exoskeleton of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and the extraction of design concepts by implementing geometrically described 3D Voronoi diagrams. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of dried sea urchin shells revealed a foam-like microstructure, also known as the stereom. Subsequently, parametric, digital models were created with the aid of the computer-aided design (CAD) software Rhinoceros 3D (v. Rhino 7, 7.1.20343.09491) combined with the visual programming environment Grasshopper. Variables such as node count, rod thickness and mesh smoothness of the biologically-inspired Voronoi lattice were adapted for 3D printing cubic specimens using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) method. The filaments used in the process were a commercial polylactic acid (PLA), a compound of polylactic acid/polyhydroxyalkanoate (PLA/PHA) and a wood fiber polylactic acid/polyhydroxyalkanoate (PLA/PHA) composite. Nanoindentation tests coupled with finite element analysis (FEA) produced the stress–strain response of the materials under study and were used to simulate the Voronoi geometries under a compression loading regime in order to study their deformation and stress distribution in relation to experimental compression testing. The PLA blend with polyhydroxyalkanoate seems to have a minor effect on the mechanical behavior of such structures, whereas when wood fibers are added to the compound, a major decrease in strength occurs. The computational model results significantly coincide with the experimental results.

More Than Just Devotion’: The Conservative Turn Among Subcultural Muslim Youths in the Indonesian Underground Music Scene

Scholars of Indonesian politics and Islam use the phrase ‘conservative turn’ to explain the increasing religious influence in contemporary Indonesia’s social, political, and cultural life. Although their literature provides insightful explanations about this trend, scholars fail to include subcultural Muslim youths in their analyses. The term ‘subcultural youths’ in this context refers to a diffuse network of young people that share distinctive identities, ideas, and cultural practices associated with underground music subcultures (such as punk, hardcore, hip-hop, metal, and ska) as a way to deal with a sense of marginalisation and/or to oppose mainstream society. In Indonesia in the 1990s, these youths were mostly secular, pluralist, and politically progressive and leftist. Their community welcomed all people from any social background, and religion was considered a personal matter. The social, political, and economic conditions following the fall of the New Order regime (1966-1998) changed the nature of this community. Some of its participants shifted ideologically and organisationally to Islamic conservatism and right-wing Islamism, marked by their support of and involvement in various movements such as the Islamic underground movement and the hijrah movement. This paper attempts to fill a gap within the existing literature on the conservative turn of subcultural youths in Indonesia by introducing the most recent subcultural theory as an analytical framework that can be used to explain the ideological and organisational shift. Studying the conservative turn of subcultural Muslim youths from a perspective that emphasises critical political economy allows this paper to present new insights against conventional wisdom and purely culturalist readings of the conservative turn in Indonesia.

The Long Journey of Indonesian Science and Technology Policy during The New Order Period (1968-1998)

This study examined Indonesia's science and technology (S&T) policies from 1966 to 1998. The research investigated how the government identifies S&T problems, plans policies, and implements policies to support S&T development using the primary source of national development planning, the six-volume Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita). This study contends that during the 32-year New Order regimes of Indonesian S&T policy, the focus of development shifted from agriculture to efforts to transition mastery of technology products through the development of Human Resources in Science and Technology (HRST), institutional development of S&T, implementation of S&T culture in government institutions, provision of S&T for industry, and technology transfer. Although Indonesian S&T development has never reached the peak where it can compete with developed countries, it does contribute to the creation of a foundational S&T ecosystem, particularly as the initial foundation for the next regime

Kontribusi Jaringan Sekolah Islam Terpadu (JSIT) dalam Pengembangan Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia

Jaringan Sekolah Islam Terpadu (JSIT) is a new phenomenon in the discourse of Islamic education in Indonesia, which developed rapidly in the Reformation era after the fall of the New Order government in 1998. This article is partly derived from the results of research on the development of JSIT in Indonesia, especially in Lampung and Banten. The results of the study show that the emergence of JSIT was initially pioneered by the Tarbiyah Movement (Gerakan Tarbiyah) which became the embryo of the emergence of the Integrated Islamic School. This movement was originally a da'wah movement that emphasized the individual piety of its members and then moved politically after the fall of the New Order regime in 1998 by establishing the political party PKS (Partai Keadilan Sejahtera), while at the same time engaged in education by establishing JSIT which developed an integrated Islamic education system, and growing rapidly. The emergence of these integrated Islamic schools also gave rise to pro and contra responses, because of their connection with the ideology of the Muslim Brotherhood (Ikhwanul Muslimin), which is considered a representation of radical Islamic groups. However, the learning model developed by JSIT became a new thing which was later adopted by educational institutions outside of JSIT which also established integrated Islamic schools. JSIT has progressed and developed quite massively in Indonesia, although these schools are expensive, but it has not stopped the community from sending their children to school, and most of them come from well-established and educated socio-economic class families. This research also shows that the existence of JSIT has significantly contributed to the development of Human Resources (HR) who are superior in science and religion, because the curriculum is designed to combine general knowledge and religious knowledge at the same time. JSIT in its work has contributed to creating a new educated Muslim group in Indonesia in this contemporary era.

Analisis penerapan Good Governance terhadap pelayanan publik di Kantor Kecamatan Baturaja Barat

Good governance is a definition that summarizes the end of the New Order regime and was changed by reform acts; in this era, it is necessary to change the power system that challenges the clean and democratic process. This study aims to determine the implementation of the importance of good governance, public services, and the effect of good governance implementation on public services at the West Baturaja District Office. This research uses a quantitative methodology that uses incidental sampling techniques. Data collection was done through questionnaires, observation, and documentation. The methodology used is descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistics (product moment correlation test) using the SPSS 25 software application. The results of the descriptive analysis show that the application of good governance and the quality of public services at the West Baturaja District Office are in the good category in terms of indicators. The results of the correlation analysis between the importance of public service moments and the effect of good governance on it is 0.888% which is positive, this shows that the effect is very strong.

How People (dis)Connect with the Public Issues through Cross Media Consumption?

Media have played a central role in developing democracy. It expects to provide citizens with the space or sphere where issues of importance to a community are discussed and debated. It encourages deliberation and civic participation. Since the New Order regime (1966-1998) collapsed, the media system in Indonesia has not only experienced ‘democratization but has given way to increasing corporations and liberalization of the media market. This condition has led to media oligopoly and the concentration of ownership which endangered the process of democracy in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the advancement of digital technologies and converged platforms are making media more ubiquitous. They also offer opportunities to reshape citizen media practices, especially in relation to the political and cultural spheres. The complexity of the citizen-consumers relationship with the media and the ways in which the practices of media consumption may contribute to the democratic condition in Indonesia. The objectives of this study aim to explore the theoretical framework of how people are (dis)connected toward public concerns and how they develop skills to cope with the range of civic practices (from access to information and evaluation to deliberative process and civic engagement) as part of the role as a citizen. Moreover, this study investigates the ways in which media interact both in developing or undermining civic practices.

Paradigm of Special Autonomy and National Integration in Papua

The New Order regime's way of resolving the problem of Papua's national integration did not produce desirable results. The New Order regime, with its authoritarian and centralized practices, has provided valuable lessons for the nation. This study is a review of political history that aimed to analyze the national integration issues in several areas in Papua, which has not been resolved during the 21 years of Special Autonomy in Papua. The results of the study showed that the situation of the Papuan during the New Order Regime influenced the national integration of Papuans during the Special Autonomy implementation. The issue of Papua's national integration during the New Order regime and the Special Autonomy implementation in the Reformation era was an anomaly in the truth because the truth was determined by the ruler (hegemonic authority). The special autonomy has accelerated the development of Papua, but also created discrimination between tribes and groups in social, cultural, economic, and political life. Learning from history, to avoid making the same mistakes in the future, the humanist approach taken by the church can be a solution to unify the differences between Papuan "Komen" and migrants "Amber." The church teaches the value of love, peace, sacrifice, and unifying forgiveness. Reconciliation with the memory of the sufferings of the Papuan is a bridge that connects the Papuan to a dignified life as part of Indonesia. Papua's Special Autonomy is a nationwide process to improve itself and a path toward the goal of realizing the ideals of the proclamation. Alignment to basic human needs, following the noble ideals of the August 17, 1945, Proclamation of Independence, allows Papuans not to question or doubt the integration of Papua into the Republic of Indonesia.

Political Psychological and Sociocultural Determinants of Compliance with COVID-19 Emergency Measures Among Waste Pickers in an Iranian Sub-urban Slum Community.

In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, compliance with government regulations is a tremendous challenge in the effort to curb the viral transmission. The fact that specific communities and people across the world continue to ignore government regulations of COVID-19 is a crucial issue to address. Researchers sought to examine the political psychological and sociocultural determinants of adherence to COVID-19-related law and policy measures among waste pickers in a sub-urban slum community in Iran. A cross-sectional survey of 362 waste pickers from two municipalities in the countryside of Tehran, Iran, was conducted between January and May 2022. Multiple regression analysis was used to predict the significant difference between the direct or indirect effects of political psychological and sociocultural variables on compliance with COVID-19 emergency measures. Confidence intervals were estimated using the bootstrap method. The findings supported the proposed model. The results indicated that political ideology (β = - 0.13, 95% CI - 0.29 to 0.02), individualism worldview (β = - 0.14, 95% CI - 0.32 to 0.07), fatalism (β = - 0.18, 95% CI - 0.40 to 0.04), health literacy (β = 0.16, 95%CI - 0.05 to 0.37) and prosociality (β = 0.09, 95%CI 0.03-0.13) exert an indirect effect on compliance with the COVID-19 emergency measures through both trust in government and trust in science and scientific community. This study has implications for authorities in ensuring adherence to governmental orders for COVID-19 outbreak. A democracy-based and human rights-based approach and a flexible framework for proceeding more equitable COVID-19 legal and government regulations is critical to an effective and acceptable health response to COVID-19. Instituting slum emergency planning committees, incorporating the informal providers into all pandemic response plans in every urban informal settlement and providing an immediate guarantee of payments to waste packers will be indispensable.

The Communist Manifesto in Indonesia

This article offers a new perspective on the reception of Marxism in Indonesia by examining the first Malay translations of The Communist Manifesto, published in 1923 and 1925. These translations, made from Dutch and German source texts, ‘domesticated’ the Manifesto by exchanging certain European terms for vernacular ones with greater resonance in the Indonesian context. They also introduced a wider Indonesian audience to Marxist class concepts, which offered a new international way of conceptualising political resistance, and terms from European philosophy and history. In the process, they broke down the barriers built up by Dutch colonial authorities to keep radical European political texts away from vernacular languages. After the failed communist uprisings of 1926–27, the increasingly intense colonial policing regime stifled further dissemination of the Manifesto, but translations of Marx and Engels’ text received a new lease of life during the Indonesian Revolution (1945–49) and in the postwar decades. The Communist Manifesto was suppressed once more under the anti-communist New Order regime which came to power in 1966 and reconstructed the barrier between radical European political thought and the Indonesian language that had been erected by the Dutch.

A closer look at the regime-switching evidence of bull and bear markets

Studies that use Markov-switching models to identify bull and bear markets indicate that conditional expected market returns display substantial variation over time. However, I find that in-sample tests fail to produce any evidence that these models predict market returns. To explain this finding, I show that the estimated expected return for the bull regime must differ from the estimated expected return for the bear regime in order to capture skewness. Because market returns display negative skewness, the Markov-switching estimates of conditional expected returns will typically vary over time, regardless of whether there is any actual variation in conditional expected returns.

Quasi-equilibrium approximation of the solidification process for micro phase change materials taking into account curvature and surface tension

Phase change materials (PCMs) have superior energy storage properties, which can be used to solve the problem of energy absorption and release at various times, intensities and locations. Energy storage using PCMs is a promising way to make the rational use of energy, which could help improving our environment. Owing to their significant applications, we investigate the solidification process of microparticles, which is also known as the Stefan problem. Due to the tiny size of microparticles, quasi-equilibrium approximation of such Stefan’s problem is considered, where the effect of the curvature and the surface tension are incorporated. Here, we determine a simple but yet effective iterative model for the moving boundaries of micro PCMs (MPCMs) by assuming the homogeneous temperature distribution in molten regimes in order to avoid solving more complicated diffusion equations. We purposely investigate the solidification process of spherical and ellipsoidal MPCMs and find that both the curvature and the surface tension promote the solidification process. Due to these outcomes, peanut-shaped MPCMs are proposed to demonstrate the usage of both effects for fabricating smart MPCMs. Finally, the validity of the model is confirmed by a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method.

Characterization of Local Mediterranean Grapevine Varieties for Their Resilience to Semi-Arid Conditions under a Rain-Fed Regime

Viticultural adaptations to climate change are needed, and the utilization of grapevine varieties that are better-adapted to water scarcity could contribute to finding grape varieties that are adapted to climate change. The present research was carried out to expand the limited knowledge on the minor varieties Arcos and Forcallat in comparison with three other more widespread traditional Mediterranean cultivars (Bobal, Garnacha, and Monastrell). An ampelographic characterization was carried out and provided with the characteristics for the cv. Arcos, which have not been previously described, as well as traits that are useful for differentiating it from the cv. Forcallat. Both varieties maintained low stomatal conductance, having the highest number of small stomata in comparison to the rest of varieties. Arcos and Forcallat also showed the highest intrinsic water use efficiency in addition to being late ripening, a characteristic that could be of interest in the context of water scarcity and warm climates for better coupling of technological and phenolic maturity. In parallel, we analyzed Veremeta plants considered a synonym of Monastrell, which were growing in the same field. The synonymy was confirmed by SSR markers, but phenotypic differences between plant materials were determined in relation to their ampelographic, agronomical, and physiological traits. Indeed, both accessions are very interesting as materials to be studied in agronomic trials under different watering regimes in order to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the drought tolerance of the evaluated Mediterranean varieties.

Polyaniline/Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes-A Promising Photocatalyst Composite for Reactive Blue 4 Oxidation.

For the photocatalytic removal of the Reactive Blue 4 dye from an aqueous stream, new polyaniline/multi walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites (PANI-MWCNTs) were applied as a promising photocatalyst. The PANI-MWCNT nanocomposites were fabricated by aniline oxidation in the presence of MWCNTs using the typical direct oxidation polymerization route. The morphology, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and the UV-Vis absorbance spectra of the fabricated nanocomposites were studied and the attained data confirmed the good interaction between the MWCNTs and PANI matrix. The PANI-MWCNTs nanocomposites were varied according to the wt%, the MWCNTs, which ranged from 0–10 wt% and the corresponding resultant samples are labeled as P-0, P-3, P-5, P-5, P-7 and P-10, respectively. Such composites showed the high potential for the removal of the Reactive Blue 4 dye containing pollutants from wastewater. The starting concentration of the dye pollutants was halved during the first 5 min of UV illumination. The oxidation technique of Reactive Blue 4 over the prepared nanocomposites were processed in a different way and the highest catalytic activity corresponded to P-7. The process reached the complete dye removal in low concentrations of contaminants. The kinetics of the removal followed the pseudo-second order regime which possesses high correlation coefficients with the k2 in the range of 0.0036–0.1115 L.mg−1.min−1 for the Reactive Blue 4 oxidation. In this regard, the combination of the PANI and MWCNTs showed a superior novel photocatalytic activity in the oxidation of commercial textile dying wastewater, namely Reactive Blue 4. This study is the starting point for future applications on an industrial scale since the successful performances of the PANI-MWCNT on commercial dye oxidation.

Study of Electrokinetic Possibilities of Bacteria (S.aureus) Separation and Concentration by Developed Four-electrode Biosensor Chip Formats with ITO Microelectrodes in Whole Blood

The electrokinetic possibilities of separation and concentration of S.aureus bacteria in human whole blood (test mixture) were studied using a new design of a four-electrode biosensor chip format with transparent microelectrodes. In the measurements, a closed cell was used, into which the test mixture was poured. The electrokinetic movement of bacteria during concentration was observed when AC voltage was applied to the first and second annular external electrodes, and DC voltage was applied to the third and fourth semicircular central electrodes. The process of separation of erythrocytes and concentration of bacteria was recorded by an optical method. It is shown that the concentration of bacteria appears after 8 minutes and increases by 30 minutes in the region of the central electrodes under model conditions. The measurements were carried out on two biosensor chip formats having almost identical electrophysical parameters of capacitance and conductivity at frequencies from 100 Hz to 1 MHz. It is determined that the amplitude-frequency mode and biosensor chip format can be used to develop methodological support for the identification of bacterial species, but only by optical methods. It is shown that in order to increase the number of bacteria on both of the central electrode in the concentration mode, it is necessary to increase the speed of the electroosmotic flow at alternating current, by optimizing the composition of the medium and the parameters of the electrical regime in order to equalize the rates of separation and concentration processes.

In Vitro Prevention of Browning in Persian Walnut (Juglans regia L.) cv. Sulaiman

The present investigation was undertaken to standardize the media and the anti-browning regime in order to minimize the phenolic browning of an in vitro culture of Persian walnut cv. Sulaiman. The experiments involved two types of explants, forced and unforced shoot tips, two types of media, Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) medium andMurashige and Skooģs (MS) medium, and three types of anti-browning agents, namely, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, ascorbic acid and activated charcoal at 150, 350 and 550 mg/L each. The investigation was replicated thrice under a completely randomized design. Forced shoot tips of cv. Sulaiman on DKW medium showed the best performance in terms of least browning (13.6 ± 10.5%) and highest survival percentage of explants (74.5 ± 2.4%) when treated with ascorbic acid at 550 mg/L. However, unforced shoot tips in MS medium did not perform well and manifested maximum browning (52.9 ± 5.2%). Based on the results, we conclude that incorporation of ascorbic acid in the DKW medium significantly reduced the media and explant browning, thus, it could set the basis of successful in vitro-propagation of walnuts.