Public Administration Reform Research Articles

Economic Reforms of the Soviet State in the Years of Reconstruction

In the mid-1980s, the Soviet state implemented a program of reforms that went down in history as "reconstruction." The history of this program is connected with the personality of Mikhail Gorbachev, who was elected Secretary-General of the Central Committee of the CPSU in March 1985. The election of Mikhail Gorbachev, a young member of the highest political leadership at the time, was a sign that the party apparatus was trying to change the declining totalitarian regime a bit. The beginning of radical reforms in public administration, and broad socio-political and economic changes was connected with the decisions of the April plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU. The leadership sought to develop the state through reforms, taking into account the current crisis in all spheres of the USSR.

Ефективні практики публічного управління: аналіз міжнародного досвіду в умовах реалізації реформ публічного управління

The article evaluates foreign public administration systems on the example of the member states of the European Union. Based on the analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of public administration reforms in the EU member states, we have systematized the key areas of adaptation of positive vectors to Ukrainian realities: 1. Search for political support, reliable leadership at all stages of the reform, development of a long-term and strategic road map/plan for changes and preservation of scope goals of reforms; 2. Build strong external stakeholder support and internal ownership to achieve this through a combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches; 3. Create appropriate resources and systems (civil service) for all levels and processes; 4. Provide measures for monitoring/measuring progress/results of implemented reforms. Strategic orientations for improving the efficiency of the public management system are proposed, taking into account the leading world experience: focusing on subtopics, rather than on complex and often too general measures; measurements that can be used for learning purposes less than for evaluation (or purely for accountability purposes); using employee surveys to collect comparative data on public administration; the implementation of the open data strategy allows analysts to conduct academic and non-academic community research to study issues of public management effectiveness.

Management control and performance management: case of the Moroccan public organization

The economic consequences of the Covid-19 crisis, Russia's military operation in Ukraine and the many changes currently going through the world as well as the reform of public administration have pushed Moroccan public organizations to improve their methods. management in order to reduce expenses while guaranteeing quality, satisfaction and safety for users. To do so, the roles and tools of management control have been forced to adapt while referring to Law No. 69-00. Our study focuses on the contribution of management control to the performance of Moroccan public organizations through structural equation modeling with a sample of 87 public organizations.

Electronic format of public procurement logistics

Aim. The presented study aims to analyze the features of information support and use of digital technologies for creating an electronic format of public procurement logistics in the Russian FederationTasks. The authors investigate the theoretical aspects of the functioning of the public procurement system and assess its efficiency in the Russian economy at the current stage; determine the reasons and objectives for creating an electronic logistics format for procurement activities to meet public needs; analyze potential efficiency following the development of digital logistics in the contract system of public procurement in the Russian Federation.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to analyze the digital development of the public procurement system and determine directions for further development.Results. Improving the functioning of the contract system for procurement activities in the Russian Federation requires information support and practical application of digital technologies to create an electronic format of public procurement logistics. Reasons for the rapid creation and development of the electronic format of public procurement logistics include such factors as the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic and digital transformation of the public administration system and the national economy, including the logistics industry. The economic efficiency of the electronic format of public procurement logistics consists in automating logistics processes, increasing integration with other structural authorities that ensure the functioning of the contract system, reducing time costs, preventing corruption and most violations during procurement activities.Conclusion. The digitalization of the national economy and the public procurement system is the result of a necessary process associated not so much with the transition to the post-industrial era or with the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution, but rather with the logical continuation of the large-scale public administration reform program that started in the 1980s in Western countries.

KAJIAN REFORMASI ADMINISTRASI PUBLIK UNTUK MEMBANGUN DAYA SAING DAERAH

Public administration reform is an effort that aims to revise, repair, and search for new alternative administration system that is better suited to the development of society and the times today. Since the administrative reforms so inherent in regional autonomy, it is very important to the local government to carry out and manage the regional budget effectively whether it’s from central government or by innovate to increase local revenue. On the other hand, government has a great responsibility to be able to resolve any problems that exist in the regions. Reforms have positive and negative impacts for the government and society, the positive impact that the region has great potential both human and natural resources the region has rapidly grown and developed, but for poor regions will then local natural and human resources are difficult to develop and thrive, even for hire employees will be trouble.

Public administration reform and political will in cases of political instability: Insights from the Israeli experience

How do public administration reforms develop in cases of political instability? Administrative reform has always been on the agenda of governments. Ample literature discusses its necessity and the factors that are associated with both its successes and failures worldwide. Nevertheless, only a few studies discuss the impact of political instability on public administration reform. Focusing on the Israeli experience, we explore public administration reform in the context of political instability. Using content analysis and in-depth interviews, we highlight how political instability adds more costs to politicians’ cost-benefit calculations about actively promoting public administration reform, as well as how it blocks their desire to engage in mundane work when large, visible reforms have been proposed. Our findings indicate that the problems of non-governability and political instability that create the need for administrative reform also create powerful barriers to it—particularly the lack of political will.

KAJIAN REFORMASI ADMINISTRASI PUBLIK UNTUK MEMBANGUN DAYA SAING DAERAH

Public administration reform is an effort that aims to revise, repair, and search for new alternative administration system that is better suited to the development of society and the times today. Since the administrative reforms so inherent in regional autonomy, it is very important to the local government to carry out and manage the regional budget effectively whether it’s from central government or by innovate to increase local revenue. On the other hand, government has a great responsibility to be able to resolve any problems that exist in the regions. Reforms have positive and negative impacts for the government and society, the positive impact that the region has great potential both human and natural resources the region has rapidly grown and developed, but for poor regions will then local natural and human resources are difficult to develop and thrive, even for hire employees will be trouble.

Deregulasi Dan Debirokrasi Pelayanan Publik: Strategi Dan Langkah Untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Pelayanan Publik Di Kabupaten / Kota

This paper discusses the need for deregulation and debureaucratization to improve the quality of public services. Deregulation and debureaucratization in public service, which is basically a part of the public administration reform is needed to improve the performance of bureaucracy to be more effective, efficient and competitive. So that will be spurred to further enhance community participation and initiative in the process of national and regional development. In this paper offers two strategies, namely "integration strategy" for public service based on the Kabupaten (region) and "Decentralization Strategy" for public services based on the Kecamatan (district) level.

Deregulasi Dan Debirokrasi Pelayanan Publik: Strategi Dan Langkah Untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Pelayanan Publik Di Kabupaten / Kota

This paper discusses the need for deregulation and debureaucratization to improve the quality of public services. Deregulation and debureaucratization in public service, which is basically a part of the public administration reform is needed to improve the performance of bureaucracy to be more effective, efficient and competitive. So that will be spurred to further enhance community participation and initiative in the process of national and regional development. In this paper offers two strategies, namely "integration strategy" for public service based on the Kabupaten (region) and "Decentralization Strategy" for public services based on the Kecamatan (district) level.

From Neo-Weberian to Hybrid Governance Models in Public Administration: Differences between State and Local Self-Government

Public administration and public governance play a crucial role in society today by ensuring that social needs are met. Due to the constantly changing environment, public governance models have transformed many times, creating differences in public governance practices among public administration institutions, with combinations of contradictory structures and principles that coexist. Accordingly, this paper aims to provide an overview of different public governance models, extract quantifiable elements based on models’ principles and examine the extent of layering of different governance models at different levels of public administration in the specific case of the Slovenian administration. Thus, the main focus is on identifying the differences in characteristics of public governance practices between state administration and local self-government. The results show state administration institutions are more strongly characterised by the Neo-Weberian model’s principles. In contrast, local self-government institutions are more oriented to managerial public governance and Digital-Era Governance practices. Public managers may regard the results as additional resources for democratic and efficient governing. At the same time, they may provide policymakers with in-depth insights to consider while determining the trajectories of future public administration reforms.

State Regulatory Policy as a Legal Category and an Instrument of Public Administration in Ukraine

The article considers the peculiarities of the formation of regulatory policy in Ukraine in public administration reform. The influence of the experience of economically developed countries and international organizations on the implementation of effective regulatory policy in Ukraine is analyzed. The activities of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, which aim to improve the efficiency of public administration in the field of regulatory policy and cooperation of Ukraine with the Organization within the Memorandum of Understanding on deepening cooperation, are studied. The directions for improving the legal regulation of regulatory policy in Ukraine are analyzed. It is substantiated that the national legal doctrine of Ukraine does not have relevant developments that could ensure the unity of approaches to the relationship of regulatory policy, planning, legal forecasting, the formation of legal regulation in the regulation field. This affects the quality of proposed bills in the areas where regulation is still quite difficult for the Ukrainian legal system due to the lack of experience, and extrapolation of European experience is not always productive in terms of underdeveloped infrastructure and other technical and social factors.

Упровадження аналізу політики у діяльність органів державної влади (в умовах модернізації державного управління та реалізації парламентської реформи)

Досліджено актуальні питання розробки та упровадження аналізу політики у діяльності органів державної влади. Дано визначення аналізу політики як діяльності зі створення знань про процес вироблення політики й у ході цього процесу. Аргументовано, що особливого значення набуває використання цього інструменту в умовах модернізації державного управління та реалізації парламентської реформи. Всебічно проаналізовано питання причини виникнення та історичної еволюції аналізу політики як в Україні, так і в інших зарубіжних країнах. Визначено та дано комплексну характеристику трьох основних етапів виміру аналізу публічної політики, що розрізняються між собою за часом здійснення аналізу, а саме: перспективний, ретроспективний, інтегрований. На основі проведеного дослідження вироблено практичні рекомендації щодо упровадження аналізу політики у діяльність органів державної влади, зокрема Апарату Верховної Ради України.

Concepts and features of certain elements of the legal status of civil servants in Ukraine

The article notes that the active reform processes taking place in Ukraine have a significant impact on the development of Ukraine as a legal, social and democratic state. Currently, there is an active reform of public administration and local government. The legislator and the legal status of the civil service in Ukraine did not miss attention in the field of legal support reform. Thus, the active development of the civil service institute has gone from the emergence of development and reform to the current state of legal support and institutional affiliation of various genera and types of civil service
 The term «legal status» should be understood as a system of statutory freedoms and obligations, as well as guarantees for the activities of a civil servant in the process of his civil service. Thus, we can identify the following thesis, which once again emphasizes the importance of the legal status of a civil servant. Thus, a civil servant is a person who, in order to perform the tasks and functions of the state, exercises his constitutional right to participate in the management of public affairs and carries out his activities within certain statutory powers manifested in the system of rights and responsibilities of a civil servant. in connection with admission to the civil service and remain with him throughout the term of service.
 Legislative consolidation of the legal status of civil servants is reflected in a number of regulations, including the Labor Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine "On Civil Service" as well as acts of sectoral legislation (eg Law of Ukraine "On the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine") and other acts sectoral legislation aimed at legal regulation of the legal status of civil servants.

Introduction: Looking for Governance: Latin America Governance Reforms and Challenges

ABSTRACT Governance scholarship is particularly positioned to propose reforms in public administration to improve the work of governments. The papers in this mini-symposium focus on governance reforms in Latin America, presenting results related to the processes of institutional change that shaped public administration. Governance reforms in Latin America have created different realities and currently face the challenge of institutionalization as a central element. The pattern of institutional change in public administration in Latin America was politically shaped in contexts of democratic instability. Just as democracy represented an essential element for institutional changes in public administration, its instability and institutional weakness make it challenging to institutionalize governance mechanisms in Latin America. Thus, governance reforms in Latin America reinforce the path-dependent characteristic of public administration reforms.

“The public administration reform agenda in Macedonia-three decades of challenges and results”

Democratic countries across the world are usually involved in a continuous process referred to as public administration reform. For Macedonia a former Yugoslav Republic, this reform is vital to them since it is a precondition set for them for a successful European Union integration. Public administration reformation in Macedonia is a step in the structural process of becoming closer to the standards of the EU, putting European best practices into effect, and adhering to the Principles of Public Administration. It is one of the essential conditions for the Republic of Macedonia's entry into the European Union and one of the top priorities outlined in the Accession Partnership. The agenda is continually updated with plans for modernizing and improving the administration.  The core of the entire public sector can be said to be public and civil administration which the group and activities of every democratic activity depend on (Mehmedi S., 2017). The Republic of Macedonia, a candidate country for membership in the European Union, has implanted and refined the principles of the European Administrative Space through the implementation of two public administration reform projects during the previous few years. Although it didn't have a timeframe, the first PAR Strategy was adopted in 1999 and set the foundation for the legislative and organizational framework needed to start the public administration reform process. Its 2010 approval of a 2010-2015 PAR Strategy and Action Plan helped to improve the quality of administrative services offered to people and businesses as well as the formulation and implementation of effective public policies (Stojanovski S, Denkova J, Ananiev J.2015) The recent political and institutional crisis in the Republic of Macedonia has demonstrated the flagrant violations of the rule of law and the proper operation of the legal system, as well as the serious damage that the strong division of civil and public institutions has done to the institutions' credibility and integrity. The Republic of Macedonia has earned the moniker "the captive state of captive institutions" as a result of the state and institutions' slow response to the political crisis  (Zendeli F . 2015).

ШЛЯХ УКРАЇНИ ДО ЄС: РЕФОРМУВАННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ

The article reveals the peculiarities of reforming the sphere of public administration on the way to European integration. On June 23, 2022, the heads of 27 EU member states and their governments decided to grant Ukraine the status of a candidate for the EU. It was revealed that against the background of the Russian-Ukrainian war, the process of European integration of Ukraine acquires a new meaning, its active stage involves the adoption of relevant decisions and the adoption of relevant regulatory and legal acts. It was determined that corruption schemes in the sphere of public administration have a lot of destructive consequences in the socio-economic sphere, therefore, taking into account such aspects, a plan for reforming the sphere of public administration in the direction of the European integration of Ukraine was developed. In order to build an effective public administration system in Ukraine, it is envisaged to implement work in four directions: parliamentary reform, reforming central executive bodies and approximation to EU governance standards, reform in the system of local executive bodies, reform in the field of local self-government. It is believed that an important direction of European integration should be the creation of a system of state support (state + business) for institutions of civil society, with the aim of including them on a competitive basis in the preparation of proposals (participation in development) in the field of public administration and their legislative support. On the path of Ukraine's European integration, it is also envisaged to continue reforming the management of state-owned enterprises in order to control state assets more deeply. On the way to European integration, our country will have to introduce and adopt a sufficient number of changes, but given the way Ukraine defends its independence, there are good reasons to claim that Ukraine is a truly worthy candidate for EU membership. It should be emphasized that due to the circumstances that have developed in general, Ukraine has the opportunity to quickly join the EU within the framework of existing procedures. However, it should not be forgotten that the EU may decide to create a special regime to speed up the accession process. This will bring Ukraine closer to the completion of formal accession to the European Union, but not to the final completion of European integration, which is connected with the fact that in order to fully comply with the standards of the European Union, a number of reforms need to be carried out, among which the reform of public administration in the context of ensuring economic growth takes a decisive place of Ukraine.

ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД СТРУКТУРУВАННЯ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ СЛУЖБИ

The article deals with the structuring of the system of public administration in the context of scientific debate about the relationship between political and administrative process of public administration. In terms of this discussion the points of fundamental importance for theory and practice of management, particularly in developed democracies, are as follows: structure of public administration, composition of its elements and their role in management; public service, its scope, interrelation with other categories of employees; the role of administrative staff in the political process; the importance of interaction between public officials and politicians. It is justified that studying the experience of public administration in developed democracies acquires relevance in connection with the spread of European integration and the reform of public administration in accordance with European standards. Implementation of control functions in continental and Anglo-Saxon models of democracy has been considered. It is shown that the most important element of public administration is also coordination of all elements of the management system. Definition of the term "a public servant" used in different countries has been analyzed. It is stated that at the beginning of XXI century the role of public service in these countries has increased with the emergence of new areas of regulation that required the participation of public sector in control actions and in most activities directly. In the presence of numerous "special" characteristics inherent in post-socialist countries or post-colonial systems, as well as "individual" traits peculiar to each state separately, "in general" it is substantial to create a public service that would meet the needs of a particular political and administrative system in the modern conditions of world globalization.

ФАКТОР ЛИЧНОСТИ ВЫСШЕГО РУКОВОДИТЕЛЯ В РАЗВИТИИ ЭЛЕКТРОННОГО ДОКУМЕНТООБОРОТА И ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

The article studies an importance of the state top officials role in the policy of the informatization of state bodies, the formation of the infrastructure for an “electronic government”. That is especially important in the periods when the leader’s choice of the reforms course in the country depends either on the further development and a breakthrough or on the onset of stagnation. The contemporary history of many developed and developing countries confirms that the factor of the personal position of the head of state with the beginning of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is of paramount importance for technological leadership. Only a few young states that achieved their independence in the last decade of the 20th century, with the election of strong reform leaders, managed to become the forerunners of innovative development. The author uses examples of N.A. Nazarbayev, the first President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (1990–2019), political will in initiating the cardinal reforms in public administration and the accelerated introduction of advanced technologies and national developments into that sphere chronologically demonstrating the consistent implementation of the large-scale systems – of the unified electronic document management system of state bodies and the entire “electronic government” infrastructure complex. Resulting from the head of state personal attention, his consistent and active management of the digitalization processes, the Republic of Kazakhstan, in a short time, has achieved the leadership positions in the “electronic government” world ranking.

Can Governance at the Right Scale Increase Productivity? A Comparative Scoping Review

Enhancing productivity is a common rationale for devolution, outsourcing and new institutional configurations and a recurring theme in public administration reforms. Functions such as urban planning, infrastructure development, water management, and transportation planning have clear spatial characteristics wherein their governance ideally spans their functional use and/or management. These considerations have led to municipal amalgamations and two-tier governance in an effort to consolidate functions and build economies of scale and to the creation of special purpose, intermediate or regional bodies to manage public investments and deliver specialised services. While there is a growing urban literature on governance at the right scale in certain policy areas, far fewer studies explore these factors in lower density places (towns and rural and remote areas). Moreover, how effective and efficient governance might boost productivity both within the institution and more generally, across the local/regional economy is underexplored. This paper takes stock of how governance at the right scale might improve public sector productivity in different types of places—urban, rural and remote. It draws on theoretical, empirical and policy literature to explore how scale matters to public sector productivity and governance.

ВНЕДРЕНИЕ ЦЕННОСТЕЙ КЛИЕНТОЦЕНТРИЧНОСТИ В ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ОРГАНОВ ВЛАСТИ: КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ И ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ

The purpose of the article is to analyze the possibilities of transforming the professional culture of civil servants into the mainstream of customer centricity under the influence of modern trends in public administration reform. A special attention is paid to systematization of mechanisms that can be used to develop a modern professional culture of the civil service, especially from the customer centricity standpoint. The analysis of scientific and professional sources from the standpoint of reflecting in them the conceptual and instrumental aspects of the formation of the professional culture of the civil service is used. As a result, the authors propose an ecosystem approach to the formation and development of components of a customer centric culture culture of the civil service. A number of characteristics of the modern professional culture of the civil service are highlighted. The article is prepared as part of the research work by RANEPA task.