Reform Model Research Articles

Implementasi Reformasi Birokrasi

This study aims to describe the implementation model of bureaucratic reform that has been carried out, both in Indonesia and several other countries. Provide a comprehensive understanding of the importance of bureaucratic reform. The research method used is a library research method from various sources related to bureaucratic reform. The results of this literature review illustrate that bureaucratic reforms that have been carried out in several countries are generally related to two dimensions, namely the organizational dimension and the apparatus human resource dimension. In the context of implementing the implementation of bureaucratic reform at the Provincial Bawaslu and Regency/City Bawaslu, it is necessary to immediately make and determine the Decree of the Bureaucratic Reform Team, make and determine the Decree of Role Models and Agents of Change of Bureaucratic Reform which includes 8 areas of change, preparation of an implementation action plan. bureaucratic reform, filling out the bureaucratic reform evaluation worksheet, monitoring and evaluating the implementation of bureaucratic reform every month.

Demokratizációs remények és aggályok

The article analyzes the political discourse concerning direct democracy between 1985–89, when the issue of introducing popular vote at local and national level became relevant, both as a general institutional reform of political decision-making, and as the result of some major initiatives launched by social movements. The analysis covers the related law journal articles, party-state documents, the writings of political and intellectual elites (including the opposition), and the wider public (mainly daily and weekly newspapers). The discourse analysis is based on the academic literature of direct democracy and some new aspects, like the timing of introducing direct democracy, its role and perspectives, the consideration of threats and benefits, and the relevance of international examples as possible models for reform. The paper finds that the opposition and the party-state regarded the introduction of popular vote differently: while the emerging opposition emphasised the function of controling the state power by popular votes, the party-state expected to stop shrinking its social legitimacy. Meanwhile, general public seemed to be indifferent about this remarkable democratic reform.

Investment Dispute Settlement Mechanisms under the Recovery of CalvoismReform Practices and way forward

As the recovery of the Calvo Doctrine is becoming more and more apparent, the reform practice of the investment dispute settlement mechanism is also affected. The world's major economies have practiced different reform models according to their actual conditions, broadly categorized into the radical abandonment model represented by Latin American countries, the partial improvement model represented by the United States, and the institutional innovation model represented by the European Union. The essence of the Calvo Doctrine's "non-intervention" core corresponds to the field of investment dispute settlement, which is mainly reflected in the host country's opposition to the superior treatment of foreign investors over domestic investors, thus excluding investment disputes from being handled by international investment arbitration bodies. China, as the initiator of the "One Belt, One Road" initiative, should follow the trend of Calvo Doctrine recovery in the current reform of the investment dispute settlement mechanism, re-examine the international investment arbitration mechanism based on dialectical analysis of different reform proposals of various economies, explore and build a preventive and alternative approach based on investment dispute prevention and dispute mediation, and respond to the needs of the international community. To address the crisis of the legitimacy of the current investment arbitration under the revival of the Calvo Doctrine, we will explore the investment dispute settlement mechanism under the "One Belt, One Road" initiative from a new perspective with a distinctive Chinese solution.

The Efficiency-Equity Trade-off in a Federal System: Local Financing of Schools and Student Achievement

AbstractFederalism theorists debate the desirability of funding local services from local revenues or inter-governmental grants. Tiebout expects efficiency gains from local funding, but Oates says it perpetuates inequalities. Research using data from national probability samples has yet to show whether efficiency-equity trade-offs are associated with funding sources. We describe the trade-off in education by estimating the effect of revenue share from local sources on math and reading achievement. Data come from national probability samples of student performances on tests administered between 1990 and 2017. Relationships are estimated with OLS descriptive models, event study models of school finance reforms, and geographic discontinuity models that exploit differences in state funding policies. For every ten-percentage point increase in local revenue share, mean achievement rises by 0.05 standard deviations (sd) and socio-economic achievement gaps widen by 0.03sd. Voice and exit channels moderate the size of the efficiency-equity trade-off. Implications for inter-governmental grant policy are discussed.

A New Feature Based Deep Attention Sales Forecasting Model for Enterprise Sustainable Development

In recent years, with the rise of the Internet, e-commerce has become an important field of commodity sales. However, e-commerce is affected by many factors, and the wrong judgment of supply and marketing relationships will bring huge losses to operators. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a model that can effectively achieve high precision sales prediction for ensuring the sustainable development of e-commerce enterprises. In this paper, we propose an e-commerce sales forecasting model that considers the features of many aspects of correlation. In the first layer of the model, the temporal convolutional network (TCN) is used to extract the deep temporal characteristics of univariate sales historical data, which ensures the integrity of temporal information of sales characteristics. In the second layer, the feature selection method based on reinforcement learning is used to filter the effective correlation feature set and combine it with the temporal feature after processing, which not only improves the amount of effective information input by the model, but also avoids the high feature dimension. The third layer of the reformer model learns all the features and pays different attention to the features with different degrees of importance, ensuring the stability of the sales forecast. In the experimental part, we compare the proposed model with the current advanced sales forecasting model, and we can find that the proposed model has higher stability and accuracy.

Propose the "2 Classrooms, 3 Synergies and 4 Systems" Teaching Reform Model for the Ideological Political Education in Healthcare Management Majors

As the central work of the Ministry of Education to implement the education concept of "building moral character", all disciplines are required to reflect this function, the traditional teaching mode of ideological and political education is relatively single, staying at the level of awareness link, there is still a gap with the all-round teaching concept of ideological and political education, based on this, this paper relies on the provincial teaching simulation center , virtual reality (VR), AR and other digital education technologies, focus on building a digital training space for healthcare management major, several virtual simulation projects, as well as virtual operation of on-campus simulation center and companies, off-campus internship bases, second classrooms, etc.. Based on the OBE concept, combine reality and virtualization, to build a teaching reform system for healthcare management major. The teaching reform system is carried on many aspects, including content, form, method, assessment and evaluation, and implementation pathways, provided process guarantee for the internalization of the ideological and political education, truly transformed theoretical knowledge and skills into students' spiritual wealth, improved students' ideological and political literacy and practical application ability, and formed a new ideological and political pattern.

A Comparison of the Ideal Agrarian Reform Law to be Implemented in Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to examine the ideal agrarian reform program for Indonesia by conducting a comparison method with Japan, which is one of the countries in Asia that has been very successful in implementing agrarian reform. This research is descriptive research with a normative juridical research type, using secondary data, through legislative and comparative approaches. Data is collected through document studies and then analyzed qualitatively. The results of the research found similarities and differences between the two agrarian reform models. From these differences, it can be seen the advantages of Japanese agrarian reform that need to be adjusted to the need to improve Indonesia's agrarian reform, including compensation for excess land and absentee land that is used as the object of agrarian reform is given in the form of bonds; the agrarian reform team is independent; the government buys all excess land, the government provides a budget as needed.

Multiobjective Optimization Model of Quality Education Reform in Research and Learning Activities

In order to solve the problem of quality education reform in research activities, a multiobjective optimization model for the optimal performance distribution of college teachers is proposed. We mainly use the multiobjective optimization method to study the allocation of optimal performance. On the basis of considering individual differences, a multiobjective optimization model is established with the goal of maximizing the total satisfaction of all assessment objects and balancing the satisfaction as much as possible by introducing the score conversion function and the satisfaction function. The results show that the variation trends of the weak Pareto fronts at five different confidence levels are basically the same; that is, different confidence levels have little effect on the results. Conclusion. The use of a multiobjective optimization model can improve the optimal performance distribution of college teachers, so as to effectively promote the reform of quality education in research activities.

A Supplement to Heilmann’s “Experimentation Under Hierarchy”: The Politics of Chinese Industrial Innovation

Sebastian Heilmann has described the Chinese government’s policy innovation and diffusion process as “experimentation under hierarchy,” and this concept has undoubtedly had a major influence in academic circles. Heilmann argues that “model experiments” (pilot projects) and “proceeding from point to surface” (diffusion) are the two key elements of China’s reform model. This article proposes a third element, “nationwide coordinated work.” We find that the publication of a document on a particular reform policy by the central authorities gives local governments the green light to formulate relevant policies based on the centre’s direction. The localities will then give feedback based on their experience so that the centre can amend its regulations accordingly. Under the overall control of “nationwide coordinated work,” an experimental policy undergoes a circular process of implementation and adaptation designed to make policies more specific and practical.

Kontruksi Pemikiran Pendidikan Imam Zarkasyi Sebagai Reformasi Pesantren

The study describes Imam Zarkasyi's thought of reconstruction of pesantren reform. This study aims to explore Zarkasyi's thoughts to be implemented as a model of Islamic education reform for the modernization of Islamic society. The limitations of this research are the Zarkasyi curriculum, empowerment of organizational management, and ethics training in Islamic boarding schools. The findings were revealed in three main points. First, Zarkasyi believes that the Islamic Education curriculum should cover religious principles, as well as modern science. Thus, students are expected to master Arabic and English. Second, the management of the organization and waqf requires significant improvements to strengthen pesantren institutions in accordance with modern principles. Third, pesantren education emphasizes the values of sincerity, simplicity, independence, togetherness, and freedom to foster ethical awareness in Islamic education schools. The values above are expected to become the hallmarks of the Gontor Islamic Boarding School graduates.

Comprehensive Primary Care Plus Did Not Improve Quality Or Lower Spending For The Privately Insured.

Comprehensive Primary Care Plus (CPC+) was a multipayer payment reform model that provided incentives for primary care practices to lower spending and improve quality performance. Although CPC+ has been evaluated in Medicare, little is known about its impact in the private sector. Using claims and enrollment data from the period 2013-20 from two large insurers in Michigan, we performed difference-in-differences analyses and found that CPC+ was not associated with changes in total spending (-$44.70 per year) or overall quality performance (-0.1percentage point). These changes did not vary systematically across CPC+ cohorts, tracks, regions, or participation in prior primary care innovations. We conclude that CPC+ did not improve spending or quality for private-plan enrollees in Michigan, even before accounting for payouts to providers. This analysis adds to existing evidence that CPC+ may cost payers money in the short term, without concomitant improvements to care quality.

Investment Facilitation for Development and the Reform of International Investment Dispute Settlement Mechanism: The Choice of Developing Countries

ABSTRACT The trend of ‘investment facilitation’ is increasingly attracting lively discussions in the field of international investment policies. The reason for this is that countries expect to use ‘investment facilitation’ as a policy tool to improve the domestic investment environment. In this trend, as an important part of the realization path of ‘investment facilitation’, there is an increasing concern on how to reform the international investment dispute settlement mechanism to achieve amicable settlement of investment frictions between investors and host states. China, Brazil and South Africa have proposed three different options for reforming the international investment dispute settlement mechanism under the trend of ‘investment facilitation’. Based on the analysis of the three countries’ dispute settlement mechanism reform models, this article examines their impact on the international investment governance mechanism and finally proposes inspirations for the design and reform of future international investment dispute settlement models in developing countries.

Why democratic police reform mostly fails and sometimes succeeds: police reform and low state capacity, authoritarianism and neo-patrimonial politics (in the former Soviet Union)

ABSTRACT Democratic police reform models dominate discussions on police reform in non-Western contexts. Researchers and practitioners often attribute reform failings to personnel and institutional failure within police organisations, the weakness of formal external institutions of control and accountability, lack of inclusion of, or customisation to, hybrid forms of governance or a failure to address social injustice more broadly. Drawing on analysis of political and police transformation in Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and Russia this paper suggests low state capacity and authoritarian and neo-patrimonial politics present more prominent barriers to DPR. In low capacity states police pay is insufficient and bureaucratic control weak. Formal reforms have little influence over the police who are influenced by organised crime and corrupt police leaders and politicians. Authoritarian and neo-patrimonial elites often stymie reform initiatives which undermine their political and economic interests. Full DPR is thus unlikely without increasing state capacity and political elite will and capacity to democratise control of the police. But contrary to democratisation being key to successful reform the relationship between regime type and reform outcomes is more nuanced. Partial reform is possible where a partially authoritarian/neo-patrimonial regime has the ability to improve police effectiveness and clampdown on corruption and prioritises these.

Conflicted translations: an analysis of the bus rapid transit policy adoption process in Cape Town

ABSTRACT From the early 2000s onwards, bus rapid transit (BRT) systems have multiplied in the Global South, promoted by an international community of transfer agents. This article examines Cape Town’s BRT implementation experience. Translation, at the intersection of policy mobilities and mainstream transfer approaches, is the main analytical tool used. In the wake of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the South African city hastily imported its BRT policy. International consultants nudged policymakers to design an infrastructure-focused network with high-end features with the aim to absorb paratransit operations. Early into the rollout, the transport mode’s significant inadequacies vis-à-vis its Capetonian environment became obvious, triggering a new cycle of the translation process. Local actors re-interpreted the BRT by shifting its initial goals and reclassifying the BRT from a policy model for sectoral reform to an instrument within a renewed urban development strategy. The launch of a new department within the City of Cape Town, as a response to the BRT’s mishaps, highlighted two opposing and irreconcilable understandings of city-making. This article suggests that conflicts structure and sequence translation processes of transferred policies in a medium-term timeframe.

The Reform of University Education Teaching Based on Cloud Computing and Big Data Background.

In the era of big data and cloud computing, traditional college teaching model needs to be revolutionized in order to adapt to the needs of the present generation. The traditional college teaching model is currently facing unprecedented severe challenges which could be optimistically considered as a huge scope of development opportunity. In order to promote the gradual transformation of college teaching toward digitization, intelligence, and modernization, this paper comprehensively analyzes the impact of science and technology on college teaching. It further encourages the omnidirectional and multifaceted amalgamation of education with big data and cloud computing technology with an objective to improve the overall teaching level of colleges and universities. In order to realize the accurate evaluation of university teaching reform and improve teaching quality, the study presents an evaluation method of university teaching reform based on in-depth research network. Then, it further analyzes the main contents of university teaching reform, establishes the evaluation department of university teaching reform, and then establishes the evaluation model of university education reform. This is achieved by analyzing the relationship between university education reform and indicators using in-depth learning network followed by the development of simulation experiments pertinent to evaluation of university education reform. The results show that this method is helpful in improving the teaching quality.

Modelling Tang Emperor Taizong and Chinese Governance in the Eighteenth-Century German-Speaking World

ABSTRACT From the middle decades of the eighteenth century Tang Emperor Taizong (r. 626–649) was cited in French, German, English, Italian, and Dutch books and periodicals as a universal model of good governance. This article sets out how eighteenth-century writers recognized a familiar genre in translations of medieval Chinese governance texts and discusses two prominent examples of the adaptation of Taizong’s mirror literature into comprehensive universal models of good governance. The work of Johann Gotlobb von Justi (ca. 1717–1771) shows how the translation of Chinese governance texts gave impetus to new and bold critiques of European governance and to a comparative theoretical analysis of monarchies with practical consequences for institutional and policy reform. Christoph Martin Wieland (1733–1813) extended the earlier comparative analysis of monarchies into a historical utopian novel that offered a model for political and social reform. Even though their conceptualization and uses of translation differed, Justi and Wieland were exceptional in crafting a political treatise and a utopian mirror novel that suggested that a durable blueprint for the revival of the monarchy in Europe was available in the translation of Chinese mirror literature like Jin Jing (The Golden Mirror) or Di fan (Model for an Emperor).

Reformasi Birokrasi Di Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Palembang

This research is a policy study that discusses the efforts of the Central Statistics Agency for the City of Palembang in implementing bureaucratic reform. Based on the results of this study, the results of research and discussion show that this study aims to analyze the implementation of Presidential Regulation Number 81 of 2010 concerning Bureaucratic Reform at the Palembang City BPS Office, and to gain an understanding of the meaning of Bureaucratic Reform for Palembang City BPS office employees. This research method is qualitative. Primary data were collected through observation and interviews, while secondary data were obtained from documentation and literature studies that were relevant to the research object. The parameters measured are based on the implementation model of bureaucratic reform from aspects that include aspects of the institution (organization), management and human resources of the apparatus. In its implementation, it still encounters various kinds of obstacles, the main obstacles are the coordination of the Palembang City BPS Technical Team is still not at the Palembang City BPS itself but is in other agencies. The process of bureaucratic reform is certainly still far from what is expected by the community. BPS Palembang City is expected to be able to solve the problems that have caused the creation of an effective and efficient government. In the end, this research shows that the implementation of bureaucratic reform at BPS Palembang City requires a more effective and efficient control and incentive system.

The Effect Model of College PE Teaching Reform Based on Moral Education

In order to further promote the integration of moral education and college PE teaching and improve the effect of college PE teaching reform in the new era, a research on the effect model of college PE teaching reform based on moral education is put forward. Based on the demand background of moral education, the personalized PE teaching reform path is proposed, and the factors that affect the improvement of college PE teaching reform are analyzed with the help of mathematical statistics from the five aspects: teaching, teachers, students, field equipment, and culture system. Through KMO and Bartlett sphere test analysis, it is found that the explanatory variance contribution of the five factors is 16.910%, 13.757%, 11.835%, 10.973%, and 10.065%, respectively, and the cumulative variance of the five influencing factors is 63.541%, meeting the minimum standard of 60%, which also confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating moral education into physical education teaching reform.

The Optimization Model of Public Space Design Teaching Reform Based on Fractional Differential Equations

Abstract This article proposes an approximate high-dimensional optimization method based on a multi-layer public space design reduction strategy. At the same time, we combined the analysis of fractional differential equations to decompose the design space and improve the matrix condition number. Finally, the article proposes a new point cloud curve matching method for public space design. The experimental simulation found that the mixed-use of fractional differential equations and shape space calculations to generate models have good results.

Reforming the Law on Consent to Medical Treatment for Trans Youth: A Renewed Call for Legislative Intervention

Australian trans youth seeking medical treatment for gender dysphoria can encounter significant legal barriers to healthcare. Legal requirements for obtaining valid consent to gender-affirming care, first established in 2004, mean that an application to the Family Court is required in many cases before treatment can be provided. The development of Australian law concerning consent for the medical treatment of trans youth has been slow, haphazard, and remains incomplete. The Family Court process has been found to be damaging to trans youth and their families. There is widespread agreement that the law needs reform, even more so since the 2020 decision in Re: Imogen. This article explores the implications of the decision in Re: Imogen for trans youth and their families and raises possible models for reform. It starts by providing the background to Re: Imogen and explaining the current legal position. It then explores why the law needs to be reformed, highlighting the inconsistent approach to competency in Australian law and the harm the current law does to trans youth. Building on critiques of the law in this area, it reviews various options for law reform and suggests an optimal model.