Reflex Research Articles

Evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and practices of registered dental practitioners of Vadodara district, Gujarat regarding clinical photography: A cross-sectional survey

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of dental practitioners registered in Indian Dental Association (IDA) Vadodara, Gujarat regarding clinical photography. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 193 dental practitioners registered in IDA Vadodara, Gujarat regarding clinical photography was conducted. The participant's information sheet was given to all participants, and a written informed consent was also taken from the participants. The questionnaire consisted of 16 questions which were divided into 3 sections that gave information regarding the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding clinical photography. The descriptive statistical analysis was used for the study. Results: A total of 172 respondents completed the questionnaire forms. Under knowledge section, 64% dentists knew that digital single lens reflex (DSLR) was the best camera for taking clinical photographs. Under attitude section, (93% of practitioners were ready to invest 50,000). Very few practitioners (5%) had attended more than 5 Continuous Dental Education (CDE) programs on digital dental practice. Under practice section, 53% of practitioners used a mobile phone only for taking clinical photography although they had knowledge that DSLR was the best tool for taking photographs. Conclusion: Dental practitioner's had good knowledge, fair attitude, and comparatively poor practice. Thus, more hands-on courses, workshops, and trainings for clinical photography should be encouraged for dental practitioners.

Peculiarities of toponymic reflexes of Kazakhstan

Peculiarities of toponymic reflexes of Kazakhstan

Abolishment of Spontaneous Flight Turns in Visually Responsive Drosophila

Animals react rapidly to external stimuli, such as an approaching predator, but in other circumstances, they seem to act spontaneously, without any obvious external trigger. How do the neural processes mediating the execution of reflexive and spontaneous actions differ? We studied this question in tethered, flying Drosophila. We found that silencing a large but genetically defined set of non-motor neurons virtually eliminates spontaneous flight turns while preserving the tethered flies' ability to perform two types of visually evoked turns, demonstrating that, at least in flies, these two modes of action are almost completely dissociable.

Was it Merely a Coincidence? Towards a Practice-Based Perspective on Early Internationalisation of SMEs

Objective : The aim of this this paper is to analyse the relation between some aspects of reflexive actions and the routinization within the internationalization process. The article provides a new insight into the phenomenon of early internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises. Research Design & Methods : A qualitative research offers an alternative approach to the problem of how enterprises explore foreign opportunities in the realms of daily performed activities. Findings: A qualitative research provides a framework of the relation between various types of reflexive actions, and their routinization, as well as the internationalization of everyday practice. Implications & Recommendations: This work contributes to the deeper understanding of the early internationalization process and that it sheds some new light on its potential explanatory categories. The notion of daily activities may be perceived as important units of analysis in management. Contribution & Value Added: The analysis of everyday activities of early internationalization of SMEs may comprise here a promising research area and therefore, a ‘theoretical bridge’ between the practice-based perspective and IE may develop.

Нарратив как психотехническое средство в работе с личностной суверенностью подростка

We consider the issues of the adolescent’s personal sovereignty formation in a narrative training. The narrative is defined as a text, a meaning system, first divided between people and then interiorized. We substantiate the possibility of using the narrative as a psychotechnical tool in working with the personality sovereignty of the adolescent. Its formation is connected to the adolescent’s mastering of reflexive action aimed at the meaningful organization of his/her experience of successful autonomous behavior. The essence of the narrative training is constructing the narrative (narrative metaphor). We consider two aspects of the narrative metaphor: the domain of action landscape and the domain of meaning, that help the adolescent to signify and make sense of the unique episodes of his/her life and to structure the fragmented experiences of his/her successful independent behavior.

Interpretation of Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of constipation surgery (2017)

The Chinese Society of Coloproctology (CSCP) released the updated "guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of constipation surgery" in 2017. The major amendments include the following aspects: (1) According to defecation reflex involving parts of the classification, the cause of constipation is divided into three parts, including colorectal factors, internal and external colorectal factors. The new division is more rational, easy to make clear the location and the possible pathogenesis. (2) Constipation is divided into slow transit constipation, outlet obstructive constipation and mixed constipation. The main consideration of this division is the name of the surgery for the outlet obstructive constipation, such as the rectal prolapse and the rectocele. (3) The 6-hour observation time point is added in the colonic transit test and to make clear whether the stomach and the small intestine has slow transit. (4) Micro ecological preparations, promoting dynamic drugs and promoting secretion drugs as well as psychological treatment and acupuncture treatment are added in non-surgical treatment of constipation (5) The antegrade colonic enema is removed from surgical treatment of slow transit constipation; in the surgical treatment of internal rectal prolapse, STARR surgery is added and Delorme surgery is deleted; transrectal and transperineal approach are added in the surgical treatment of rectocele. In this paper, we compare the domestic and international constipation-related guidelines, and summarize the main revisions in the 2017 edition of "guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of constipation surgery".

Engaging Across Intractable Differences: Why, When, and How Should Educators Work With?

ABSTRACTWhen should instructors encourage students to work across ideological differences and within unjust institutional structures in order to affect change? What are the dangers and challenges inherent in working across seemingly intractable differences in the community? And what is the value of such a pedagogical approach? The scholarship on feminist pragmatism, wicked problems, and democratic deliberation offers a set of tentative answers — a means forward — for instructors wrestling with these questions. In this article, Danielle Lake argues that the integrated application of insights from thinkers such as John Dewey and Jane Addams provides instructors with flexible tools that can empower students and foster place‐based systemic change. The recommendations presented here emerge through the integration and the application of their philosophical ideas in place‐based community engagement efforts with undergraduate students. In place of prescriptions or standardized formulas, Lake presents tentative observations, piecemeal strategies, and practical tools. In particular, she emphasizes the need for mutuality and reciprocity, narrative and perplexity, relationship building and cooperative action, as well as the expansion of our ethical framework in community‐based learning practices. Instructors could, for instance, do more to invite others in — and to get out of — the classroom, to broaden their scope, to engage dialogic tools, and to privilege relationships. Collaborative, tolerant activism can create critical spaces for engaging the tension within difference, supporting reflexive action subject to comprehensive oversight. By exploring the value of a hybrid feminist pragmatist approach to engaging across divisions, as well as its dangers and challenges, Lake ultimately offers strategies for mutual and transformational change.

Hypothyroidism: A Silent Killer in Young Patients

Hypothyroidism is considered by many as a “great mimicker” of many common complaints in the emergency department (ED). Thyroid disorders pose a significant threat when prolonged or in the acute presentation, and are potentially serious disorders with symptoms that range from non-specific constitutional to subtle or frank neuropsychiatric symptoms. Untreated disease can lead to myxedema crisis or coma, a life-threatening presentation that is rarely identified in young male patients and carries by itself a high risk of mortality, even in cases that undergo proper medical management. We present a case of a 26-year-old non-smoker Hispanic man with a medical history of hypothyroidism since the age of 13, and bronchial asthma. In a period of 3 - 4 months, he developed generalized malaise, fatigue, cold intolerance and unintentional weight loss. He visited the ED after developing acute abdominal pain associated with non-bloody watery diarrheas. At the initial evaluation, vital signs revealed hypotension, borderline low heart rate, and hypoglycemia. On physical examination, he looked pale, appeared lethargic, with facial puffiness, macroglossia and bilateral hyporeflexia with delayed relaxation on muscle stretch reflexes. The laboratory results showed a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of 314.75 uIU/mL. There was also low sodium and elevated creatinine and hepatic enzymes levels. Abdominopelvic CT scan incidentally revealed a large pericardial effusion that was later confirmed with echocardiogram. A diagnosis of myxedema crisis was established, prompt initiation of intravenous hydrocortisone, levothyroxine and triiodothyronine therapy was administered, and he was transferred to another institution for management of the pericardial effusion. This case raised concerns about the incidence where thyroid disease presentations are not identified and where patients fail to receive adequate medical therapy. We as primary care physicians should encourage patients to adhere to medical therapy and the recommended follow-up instructions to avoid catastrophic complications such as myxedema crisis. J Med Cases. 2017;8(12):404-406 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc2942w

Application of individual bladder safe capacity in bladder function rehabilitation among patients with spinal injury

Objective To explore the effects of intermittent catheterization conducted by bladder safe capacity on bladder function rehabilitation among patients with spinal injury. Methods A total of 60 patients with spinal injury and neurogenic bladder of Rehabilitation Department of Spine were selected as subjects by convenience sampling from January 2015 to January 2016. They were randomly divided into intervention group (intermittent catheterization conducted by the bladder capacity scanner) and control group (routinely regular intermittent catheterization) . And then, this study compared the recovery of bladder function and the incidence of urinary tract infection of patients in two groups. Results At the fourth week, there were 9 patients with reflex bladder in intervention group more than that (4 patients) in control group with a significant difference (P 0.05) . The difference on cases with urinary tract infection in control group (66 times) and intervention group (35 times) was significant (P<0.05) . The times of reflex urination for the first time and bladder functional reconstruction in intervention group were lower than those in control group with significant differences (P<0.05) . Conclusions Intermittent catheterization based on individual bladder safe capacity can effectively shorten the times of reflex urination for the first time and bladder functional reconstruction, reduce the residual urine and decrease the incidence of urinary infection. Key words: Spinal injuries; Nursing care; Intermittent urethral catheterization; Safety capacity

Tibial nerve stimulation to inhibit the micturition reflex by an implantable wireless drivermicrostimulator in cats

Objective Objective To evaluate the effects of a new type of tibial nerve micro-stimulator on the micturition reflex in cats. Methods From March to May in 2017, the implantable wireless driver micro-stimulator was implanted around the tibial nerve in 9 α-chloralose anesthetized domestic shorthairs cats (2.5-3.5 kg, 6-12 months old). The stimulator was placed near the neurovascular bundle parallel to the tibial nerve and its cathode perpendicular to the cushion. The intensity which can induce toe movement was defined as threshold(T). The ureters were isolated via an abdominal incision. The ureters were cut and drained externally. The bladder was inserted via a double lumen catheter through the urethra. The catheter was then secured by a ligature around the urethra. One lumen of the catheter was used to infuse the bladder with either 0.9% normal saline (NS) or 0.25% AA at a rate of 1 to 2 ml/min after connecting to a pump. The other lumen was connected to a pressure transducer to measure the bladder pressure. The bladder capacity was used to test the inhibitory effect of the stimulator. After the appearance of the first large-amplitude (>30 cmH2O) bladder contraction, the bladder infusion was stopped.First, after emptying the bladder, 2 or 3 cystometrograms with NS were performed without stimulation to obtain the control bladder capacity. After the bladder was stabilized, TNS (6 Hz, 1-2 T) was applied during 2 sequential cystometrograms. Second, after emptying the bladder, 0.25% AA was infused into the bladder to irritate and induce bladder overactivity. After the bladder stabilized, TNS (6 Hz, 1-2 T) was applied again during 2-3 sequential cystometrograms.If bladder capacity increased significantly, the stimulationhad an inhibitory effect on the micturition reflex. Results During normal saline infusion, the bladder baseline was (17.03±4.10)ml. TNS at 1T did not change the bladder capacity [(18.56±0.81)ml](P>0.05). TNS at 2T significantly increased the bladder capacity [(25.05±1.19)ml](P 0.05). TNS at 2T significantly increased the bladder capacity [(14.82±1.15)ml](P<0.05). Conclusions The implantable wireless driver tibial nerve micro-stimulator appears to be effective in inhibiting the micturition reflex during physiologic and pathologic conditions. The implantable wireless driver tibial nerve micro-stimulator was excepted to be used to treat overactive bladder (OAB). Key words: Cat; Implantable; Microstimulator; Micturition reflex; Tibial nerve stimulation

Prevention of obturator nerve reflex in transurethral resection of bladder tumor

经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(transurethral rescetion of bladder tumor，TURBT)是治疗膀胱表浅肿瘤的首选，但对于膀胱侧壁的肿瘤，极易引起闭孔神经反射，可造成膀胱穿孔、大出血等严重并发症。本文就临床上各种防范术中闭孔神经反射的方法作一综述。

Application of family centered cognitive intervention in neonatal nursing

Objective To explore the role of family centered cognitive intervention in neonatal nursing. Methods According to the random number table method, 100 newborns were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 50 cases in each group.The two groups received routine health education, and the observation group received the family centered cognitive intervention.After the intervention, the neonatal physical development status (body weight, height, head circumference) and neonatal disease status of the two groups were analyzed.The active muscle tension, passive muscle tension, primitive reflexes, behavior ability, general evaluation and neonatal behavioral neurological assessment score(NBNA score) were evaluated and analyzed. Results The body weight[(4 753.88±434.59)g], length[(55.16±1.17)cm], head circumference[(37.34±0.51)cm]after 1 month discharge of the observation group were better than those of the control group[(4 295.78±344.63)g, (52.25±0.58)cm, (35.67±0.21)cm], the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t=2.564, 6.235, 8.679, all P<0.05). The incidence rate of born disease of the observation group was 14.00%, which of the control group was 32.00%, there was statistically significant difference between the two groups(χ2=4.574, P<0.01). The active muscle tension, passive muscle tension, behavior ability, original reflection, the general evaluation and NBNA scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01). Conclusion Family centered intervention can significantly improve the growth status of newborn infants, reduce the incidence of the disease, it is beneficial to improve the patients' neurological behavior, it is worthy of wide application. Key words: Home nursing; Cognition; Neonatal nursing; Child development

Understanding Primitive Reflexes and Their Role In Growth And Development: A Review

Reflexes are set motor responses to specific sensory stimuli. In newborns and young infants these primitive reflexes are an important assessment tool. Children with a distinctive reflex are difficult to treat. This includes a large category in which primitive reflexes are retained longer than necessary. Certain reflexes may not appear at appropriate age of development. Many neurological conditions are characterized by aberrations in reflex actions. However, there is scarcity of data for high-risk infants pertaining to this topic. Dental treatment becomes challenging in these individuals and sometimes due to lack of compliance even necessary emergency dental treatment is difficult to carry out.

Emotional Reactivity and Appraisal of Food in Relation to Eating Disorder Cognitions and Behaviours: Evidence to Support the Motivational Conflict Hypothesis.

Eating disorders are associated with both negative and positive emotional reactions towards food. Individual eating disorder symptoms may relate to distinct emotional responses to food, which could necessitate tailored treatments based on symptom presentation. We examined associations between eating disorder symptoms and psychophysiological responses to food versus neutral images in 87 college students [mean (SD) age = 19.70 (2.09); mean (SD) body mass index = 23.25(2.77)]. Reflexive and facial electromyography measures tapping negative emotional reactivity (startle blink reflex) and appraisal (corrugator muscle response) as well as positive emotional reactivity (postauricular reflex) and appraisal (zygomaticus muscle response) were collected. Eating disorder cognitions correlated with more corrugator activity to food versus neutral images, indicating negative appraisals of food. Binge eating was associated with increased postauricular reflex reactivity to food versus neutral images, suggesting enhanced appetitive motivation to food. The combination of cognitive eating disorder symptoms and binge eating may result in motivational conflict towards food. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

Osteoarthritis and Proprioception: What Does the Literature Reveal?

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis, a common disabling degenerative disease of freely moving joints, is often accompanied by high levels of persistent pain, as well as significant impairments of function and functional capacity. This comprehensive literature review specifically explores the extent to which there is support for the idea that subnormal proprioception, a sensory modality involved in mediating reflex and coordinated movements, is an important feature of the osteoarthritis disease process, and hence worthy of efforts to detect this abnormality at the outset of the condition, as well as to intervene to heighten or normalize joint proprioception in symptomatic cases. METHODS: All English language peer reviewed published data pertaining to the topic of osteoarthritis and proprioception were sought. Pertinent clinical studies as well as intervention studies on this topic were then reviewed systematically with respect to their findings and study conclusions and reported in narrative form. RESULTS: Although a considerable number of studies published over the last 45 years were found to support a role for impaired proprioception in the pathology of osteoarthritis, this conclusion is not universal. Moreover, even though many forms of intervention can heighten proprioception, these interventions do not always result in the desired proprioceptive improvements, especially in the presence of severe osteoarthritic dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Further research to more definitively examine the influence of proprioception in the osteoarthritis disability cycle, and at what point intervention may be more useful than not, using agreed upon terminology, methodology, outcome attributes, and careful sampling, is indicated.

Experimental Substantiation of Hygientic Regulatory Standards for a Mixture of С6-С10 Saturated Hydrocarbons in the Atmospheric Air of Residential Areas

Toxicity and hazard assessment of the mixture of saturated hydrocarbons C6-C10 (hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane)) at a single and chronic exposure was PERFORMED in animal experiments. It was shown that in terms of acute toxicity, the mixture is low hazard, exhibits moderate irritant effect on skin and eye mucous membrane and shows a slight dermal resorptive effect. The threshold limit concentration for a single inhalation exposure (Limac) as estimate4d by the resorptive effect is 5250±mg/m3 At a long 90 day continuous exposure, neuro-, hepato- and embryo toxicity was revealed at a concentration of 160mg/m3. The threshold limit concentration for chronic exposure (Limch) was estimated as 31.4 mg/ m3 and no effect concentration as 5.2 mg/m3. The threshold limit concentration of the mixtu re based on reflex action was estimated on a level of 280 mg/m3. Based on the investigations outcome, the mixture of saturated hydrocarbons C6-C10 is referred to hazard class 3. Maximum allowable concentrations (MACs) in the atmospheric air of residential areas were substantiated: MAC average daily based on resorptive effect equals to 5 mg/m3; MAC maximum single based on reflex action equals to 50 mg/m3.

Distributed Denial-of-Service Attack Detection and Mitigation Using Feature Selection and Intensive Care Request Processing Unit

Worldwide acceptance of cloud computing is increasing day by day because it provides large amount of IT resources in a very simplified and economic manner. Cloud provides high security to its customers, but still there are some vulnerabilities present in cloud that attracts many attackers. Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is one of the nightmares for many cloud providers which affects the availability of resources in cloud network. This paper proposes a DDoS attack detection and mitigation model using the feature selection method and Intensive Care Request Processing Unit (ICRPU). In the proposed work, initially traffic is analyzed using Hellinger distance function, and if some distance is found, then all the packets are analyzed and classified in two categories, as DDoS and legitimate request groups on the basis of feature selected for the classification. The entire legitimate requests are forwarded to Normal Request Processing Unit where these request could be completed. All the DDoS request are sent to ICRPU were these request got busy in question and answer and in parallel source of these request are identified and blocked for further access. The specialty of ICRPU is that the attacker will never realize that the request sent by them to exhaust the resources are trapped, so the attacker will not perform any reflex action, and it becomes easy to track the attacker. Results shows that the proposed method provides the best detection rate, accuracy, and false alarm in comparison with existing filter methods and other such proposed method.

Simulating PSA reflex algorithm in hospital: how much can be saved?

Simulating PSA reflex algorithm in hospital: how much can be saved?

论虚拟条件反射及辩证条件反射体系 On Virtual Conditioned Reflex and Dialectical Condition Reflection System

通过对巴甫洛夫实验的再分析研究，发现人们以往忽略了的有趣细节，即“一只听到铃声就分泌唾液的狗在一段时间内既没有得到食物也没有听到铃声时，这种条件反射可以和以前保持得一样强烈”，在此实验结果的基础上，得出存在虚拟条件反射的结论，认识到了非条件反射与条件反射之间的辩证关系，发现了非条件反射的反射弧与条件反射的反射弧之间是并行关系.进而论述条件反射与虚拟条件反射之间的辩证关系，虚拟条件反射一定要适应实在条件反射的发展状况，如果虚拟条件反射适应非条件反射的发展状况，就会促进实在条件反射的发展，虚拟条件反射也会得到巩固，反之，如果虚拟条件反射不适应实在条件反射的发展状况，就会抑制实在条件反射的发展，虚拟条件反射就会遭到消退。在此基础上提出新的条件反射体系，建立新的条件反射体系包括的十六种条件反射及其112种细分类型。进而指出语言文字属于示意类拓扑，并且给出了示意类拓扑的一种公式。 Based on Pavlov’s experiments and analysis, found in the past, people ignore the interesting details, namely “a only hear the sound of the bell on the secretion of saliva of dogs in a period of time does not get the food did not hear the sound of the bell, the conditioned reflex can and keep it as a strong”, based on the results of this experiment that some virtual conditioned reflex of the conclusion, Recognizing the dialectical relationship between the non - conditioned reflex and the conditioned reflex, it is found that the non - conditioned reflex arc is a parallel relationship between the reflection arc and the conditioned reflex. And then discusses the dialectical relationship between the conditioned reflex and virtual conditioned reflex, virtual conditioned reflex must really conditioned the development of adaptation, if the virtual conditioned reflex to adapt to the development of non conditioned reflex, will promote really the development of conditioned reflex, virtual conditioned reflex will be consolidated. On the contrary, if virtual conditioned reflex to really development of conditioned reflex can inhibit the real development of conditioned reflex, virtual conditioned reflex will was subsided. On the basis of this, the paper puts forward a new system of conditioned reflex, and establishes a new conditioned reflex system, including sixteen kinds of conditional reflection and 112 types of subdivision. Then, it is pointed out that the language is a kind of schematic topology, and a formula of the topology is given.

Proprioceptive-Induced Reflex Postinfarct Seizures: A Rare Occurrence.

Proprioceptive-Induced Reflex Postinfarct Seizures: A Rare Occurrence.