Reflection Lines Research Articles

Development of Wireless and Passive SAW Temperature Sensor with Very High Accuracy

A surface acoustic wave (SAW) temperature sensor with high accuracy was developed and wirelessly characterized in this work. The sensing chip with reflective delay line pattern was simulated using typical coupling of modes (COM) model and prepared by the standard photolithographic technique. Sharp reflection peaks with high signal-to-noise (SNR) were observed from the developed sensing chip operating at 433 MHz. Referring to the frequency-stepped continuous wave (FSCW)-based transceiver, planar antennas, and the developed SAW chip, the wireless and passive temperature sensor system was built. Adaptive Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm was used for the first time in the SAW sensor signal processing to significantly improve the system SNR, and the corresponding phase fluctuation is down to only 3°. High temperature sensitivity of 36.5 °C and very high accuracy of ±0.2 °C in the range of −30 °C∼100 °C were achieved successfully by wireless measurement.

48.2: Dark Alloyed Metal‐Oxides for Sputter Deposition: Material comparison and processability

Metal‐oxides (MeOx), for example electrical conducting sub‐stoichiometric Molybdenum‐Oxide (MoOx) can be used to create dark layers to cover otherwise reflective lines. While the optical properties are well developed and understood, this work focuses on the investigation of chemical stability, relevant for process integration. For this we analyze and compare different alloys and summarize the thin film properties for different applications.

Carboxypeptidase E Regulates Activity-Dependent TrkB Neuronal Surface Insertion and Hippocampal Memory.

Activity-dependent insertion of the tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor into the plasma membrane can explain, in part, the preferential effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on active neurons and synapses; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we report a novel function for carboxypeptidase E (CPE) in controlling chemical long-term potentiation stimuli-induced TrkB surface delivery in hippocampal neurons. Total internal reflection fluorescence assays and line plot assays showed that CPE facilitates TrkB transport from dendritic shafts to the plasma membrane. The Box2 domain in the juxtamembrane region of TrkB and the C terminus of CPE are critical for the activity-dependent plasma membrane insertion of TrkB. Moreover, the transactivator of transcription TAT-CPE452-466, which could block the association between CPE and TrkB, significantly inhibited neuronal activity-enhanced BDNF signaling and dendritic spine morphologic plasticity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Microinfusion of TAT-CPE452-466 into the dorsal hippocampus of male C57BL/6 mice inhibited the endogenous interaction between TrkB and CPE and diminished fear-conditioning-induced TrkB phosphorylation, which might lead to an impairment in hippocampal memory acquisition and consolidation but not retrieval. These results suggest that CPE modulates activity-induced TrkB surface insertion and hippocampal-dependent memory and sheds light on our understanding of the role of CPE in TrkB-dependent synaptic plasticity and memory modulation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It is well known that BDNF acts preferentially on active neurons; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we found that the cytoplasmic tail of CPE could interact with TrkB and facilitate the neuronal activity-dependent movement of TrkB vesicles to the plasma membrane. Blocking the association between CPE and TrkB decreased fear-conditioning-induced TrkB phosphorylation and led to hippocampal memory deficits. These findings provide novel insights into the role of CPE in TrkB intracellular trafficking as well as in mediating BDNF/TrkB function in synaptic plasticity and hippocampal memory.

The deep mantle upwelling beneath the northwestern South China Sea: Insights from the time-varying residual subsidence in the Qiongdongnan Basin

Deep hot mantle upwelling is widely revealed around the Qiongdongnan Basin on the northwestern South China Sea margin. However, when and how it influenced the hyper-extended basin is unclear. To resolve these issues, a detailed analysis of the Cenozoic time-varying residual subsidence derived by subtracting the predicted subsidence from the backstripped subsidence was performed along a new seismic reflection line in the western Qiongdongnan Basin. For the first time, a method is proposed to calculate the time-varying strain rates constrained by the faults growth rates, on basis of which, the predicted basement subsidence is obtained with a basin- and lithosphere-scale coupled finite extension model, and the backstripped subsidence is accurately recovered with a modified technique of backstripping to eliminate the effects of later episodes of rifting on earlier sediment thickness. Results show no residual subsidence in 45–28.4 Ma. But after 28.4 Ma, negative residual subsidence occurred, reached and remained ca. −1000 m during 23–11.6 Ma, and reduced dramatically after 11.6 Ma. In the syn-rift period (45–23 Ma), the residual subsidence is ca. −1000 m, however in the post-rift period (23–0 Ma), it is positive of ca. 300 to 1300 m increasing southeastwards. These results suggest that the syn-rift subsidence deficit commenced at 28.4 Ma, while the post-rift excess subsidence occurred after 11.6 Ma. Combined with previous studies, it is inferred that the opposite residual subsidence in the syn- and post-rift periods with similar large wavelengths (>102 km) and km-scale amplitudes are the results of transient dynamic topography induced by deep mantle upwelling beneath the central QDNB, which started to influence the basin at ca. 28.4 Ma, continued into the Middle Miocene, and decayed at ca. 11.6 Ma. The initial mantle upwelling with significant dynamic uplift had precipitated considerable continental extension and faulting in the Late Oligocene (28.4–23 Ma). After ca. 11.6 Ma, strong mantle upwelling probably occurred beneath the Leizhou–Hainan area to form vast basaltic lava flow.

The interaction of an urban heat island with a sea breeze front during moist convection over Tianjin, China

The interaction of an urban heat island with a sea breeze front during moist convection over <scp>Tianjin, China</scp>

Una isla llamada serendipia: definiciones ético pedagógicas en el proyecto filosofar con niñxs.

This text proposes some lines of reflection and action related to a project that links philosophy and childhood, whose pedagogical and investigative activity has been developed in the province of Córdoba, Argentina, for more than twenty-five years. To do this we recover an experience of workshops with children and adults, in a continuous process of reflection on childhood and how children think about themselves. That experience focuses on imagining a particular space and time – living together on an island where adults cannot be found--and from there question the forms of decision making and participation – of political action – that children perform in the territories they inhabit. Here it is proposed that the circumstance of incompleteness regarding issues such as politics and sexuality encompass all age situations and, therefore, it is more appropriate to let ourselves be traversed by restlessness and doubt than to accept a preconceived world in which problems quickly find answers, and what you do not know or cannot be located in a fixed category is unknown, ignored, or remains hidden. We propose to start by not postulating any pre-conceived notions regarding childhoods--thinking of them as hypotheses with unexplored names, bodies and thoughts to get to know. Likewise, it is assumed that reflection on teaching practice relocates philosophy teachers as intellectuals who keep universal explanations in their “professorial pockets,” and reinvent themselves by dealing with specific problems, the small discoveries one makes through exchanges with others--those others that, as in the case of children, there is much to learn about and from. This is the ethical and political task that emerges from a continuous reflection on shared action. Welcome, then, to the island where everything is to be decided and participated in, the island of Serendipity.

Etnomatematika pada Makanan Tradisional Melayu Daik Lingga Sebagai Sumber Belajar

The purpose of this study was to find mathematical activities in the Daik Lingga culture. This research focuses on the ethnomatematic exploration of the traditional Malay food of Daik Lingga which can be used as a source of learning mathematics. Daik's traditional food is generally made from sago. This research is a qualitative type and uses an ethnographic approach. The data collection technique was carried out by interviewing related sources and documentation. The data analysis technique was based on the design of Miles and Huberman by reducing data, presenting data, and concluding/ verification. Based on the results of data collection, there are several mathematical elements in the traditional Malay food of Daik Lingga. The mathematical elements contained include shapes (circles and right triangles), space shapes (cones), folding symmetry, reflection, rotation, acute angles, right angles, and parallel lines. Therefore, Daik Lingga's traditional food can be used as a source of interesting mathematics learning for students so that learning becomes meaningful.

Passive Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors for Early Corrosion Onset Detection

Corrosion creates serious safety concerns and economic burden in fuel processing and transportation. Being able to monitor the infrastructures in real time and detect corrosion onset may prevent potential consequences resulting from their failure. Passive wireless surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are promising passive devices to detect the presence of water and corrosion onset amongst other parameters in natural gas pipelines and wellbore tubes. Here, we present on the possibility of using shear horizontal (SH-) SAW devices for monitoring metal film dissolution in hydrochloric acid of varied pH. 520 MHz SH-SAW reflective delay lines with two reflectors were fabricated on 36°Y-X LiTaO3, of which a channel was coated with 60 nm thick iron film by magnetron sputtering. With the film, the sensor had a center frequency of 529.8 MHz when measured in air. The sensor showed a slight attenuation and small frequency shift in DI water. In HCl solution with pH 2.01, the sensor’s center frequency first decreased with time for the first six minutes to reach down to 521 MHz and then remained almost unchanged. The S11 magnitude also showed similar behavior. After ten minutes immersion into the corrosive solution, no iron film was left under a visual inspection. The decrease in the frequency and attenuation is probably due to the changes in the mass and elasticity and the film surface roughening, respectively. Observed initial results are promising towards the implementation of SAW devices for monitoring corrosion in metallic structures in real time.

Development and Validation of an Empirical Ocean Color Algorithm with Uncertainties: A Case Study with the Particulate Backscattering Coefficient.

We explored how algorithm (model) and in situ measurement (observation) uncertainties can effectively be incorporated into empirical ocean color model development and assessment. In this study we focused on methods for deriving the particulate backscattering coefficient at 555 nm, b bp(555) (m−1). We developed a simple empirical algorithm for deriving b bp(555) as a function of a remote sensing reflectance line height (LH) metric. Model training was performed using a high‐quality bio‐optical dataset that contains coincident in situ measurements of the spectral remote sensing reflectances, R rs(λ) (sr−1), and the spectral particulate backscattering coefficients, b bp(λ). The LH metric used is defined as the magnitude of R rs(555) relative to a linear baseline drawn between R rs(490) and R rs(670). Using an independent validation dataset, we compared the skill of the LH‐based model with two other models. We used contemporary validation metrics, including bias and mean absolute error (MAE), that were corrected for model and observation uncertainties. The results demonstrated that measurement uncertainties do indeed impact contemporary validation metrics such as mean bias and MAE. Zeta‐scores and z‐tests for overlapping confidence intervals were also explored as potential methods for assessing model skill.

Nature of the Cuvier Abyssal Plain crust, offshore NW Australia

Magnetic stripes have long been assumed to be indicative of oceanic crust. However, continental crust heavily intruded by magma can also record magnetic stripes. We re-evaluate the nature of the Cuvier Abyssal Plain (CAP), offshore NW Australia, which hosts magnetic stripes and has previously been defined as oceanic crust. We show that chemical data from a basalt within the CAP, previously described as an enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt, could equally be interpreted to contain evidence of contamination by continental material. We also recognize seaward-dipping reflector sequences in seismic reflection data across the CAP. Borehole data from overlying sedimentary rocks suggests that these seaward-dipping reflectors were emplaced in a shallow water (&lt;200 m depth) or subaerial environment. Our results indicate that the CAP may not be unambiguous oceanic crust, but may instead consist of a spectrum of heavily intruded continental crust through to fully oceanic crust. If the CAP represents such a continent–ocean transition zone, then the adjacent unambiguous oceanic crust would be located &gt;500 km further offshore NW Australia than currently thought. This would impact plate tectonic reconstructions, as well as heat flow and basin modelling studies. Our work also supports the growing consensus that magnetic stripes cannot, by themselves, be used to determine crustal affinity. Supplementary material: Enlarged and uninterpreted versions of the magnetic data and seismic reflection lines are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5332172

Constraining the Passive to Active Margin Tectonics of the Internal Central Apennines: Insights from Biostratigraphy, Structural, and Seismic Analysis

The polyphase structural evolution of a sector of the internal Central Apennines, where the significance of pelagic deposits atop neritic carbonate platform and active margin sediments has been long debated, is here documented. The results of a new geological survey in the Volsci Range, supported by new stratigraphic constraints from the syn-orogenic deposits, are integrated with the analysis of 2D seismic reflection lines and available wells in the adjacent Latin Valley. Late Cretaceous syn-sedimentary faults are documented and interpreted as steps linking a carbonate platform to the adjacent pelagic basin, located to the west. During Tortonian time, the pelagic deposits were squeezed off and juxtaposed as mélange units on top of the carbonate platform. Subsurface data highlighted stacked thrust sheets that were first involved into an initial in-sequence propagation with top-to-the-ENE, synchronous to late Tortonian foredeep to wedge-top sedimentation. We distinguish up to four groups of thrust faults that occurred during in-sequence shortening (thrusts 1–3; about 55–60 km) and backthrusting (thrust 4). During Pliocene to recent times, the area has been uplifted and subsequently extended by normal faults cross-cutting the accretionary wedge. Beside regional interest, our findings bear implications on the kinematic evolution of an orogenic wedge affected by far-traveled units.

Influence of potassium chloride doping on the properties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal for nonlinear optical applications

Nonlinear optical single crystals of pure potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride-doped potassium dihydrogen phosphate were grown by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. The powder X-ray diffraction analysis shows the reflection lines of the doped KDP crystal correlate well with the observed individual parent compound pure KDP with a slight shift in the intensity of the diffracted peaks. The crystal structure lattice parameters and space group was determined by single-crystal XRD studies. The existences of several functional groups were extricated by shifting of peaks in FTIR spectral inspections. The UV cut-off wavelength is found to be 381 nm for pure KDP 383 nm for potassium chloride-doped KDP crystals, respectively, using UV–Vis-NIR studies. The permittivity and dielectric loss tangent of the grown crystals are less at elevated frequencies with different temperatures. The correlative second harmonic (SHG) potency was evaluated by the Kurtz and Perry method for the doped crystal, and it was found to be 0.34 times higher than that of the pure KDP. The thermal stability measurement was carried out by TG/DTA study. Mechanical stability was found from load-dependent Vickers micro-hardness analysis.

A Multi-Iteration Enhanced 2P-SMA Method for Improved Error Reduction on a WP-SAW Water Temperature and Pressure Sensor

Due to the instability of the characteristics of materials, fabrication processes and user handling, newly designed and fabricated wireless passive surface acoustic wave (WP-SAW) sensor nodes have inconsistent sensing performance. Furthermore, ambient environmental interferences aggravate inconsistences under complex working conditions. In this paper, a multi-iteration enhanced two-point simple moving average (MI-2P-SMA) method is proposed for sensing error reduction of a WP-SAW reflective delay line water temperature and pressure sensor. This method is improved from the traditional 2P-SMA method for better performance on error reduction. The results show: the MI-2P-SMA method does not change the original characteristics of experimental data; it can reduce relative errors of the WP-SAW reflective delay line water temperature and pressure sensor and has better performance than a traditional 2P-SMA method; it reduces the number of data points and the extent of this reduction is dependent on iteration time.

A força da palavra dos vulnerabilizados pela desigualdade social: Paulo Freire e comunidades ribeirinhas no Marajó

This article, based on Paulo Freire’s contributions, analyzes the collective experiences of riverside communities of the Marajó Archipelago, Pará, Brazil, in search of guaranteeing rights. It starts with the idea of ​​education as a political act (FREIRE, 1987, 1992, 1996) and the critical discussion about the capitalist-colonial development model (CASTRO, 2010) to think and act in the face of the current social vulnerability. Methodologically, the line of interdisciplinary reflection in the fields of Popular Education and Sociology, which characterizes the critical approach of the article, was adopted. The primary sources came from the valorization of the word in conversation circles, from workshops on social organization and from the affirmation of culture in community activities. The results point to initiatives for the formation of residents’ associations, qualification for income generation activities and the recognition of the value of riverside communities as holders of histories, potencies and socio-territorial rights.

Mineralogical characterization of chrysotile from Bogoslovec, North Macedonia

This paper presents the results of an investigation of mineralogical and chemical characteristics ofchrysotile from Bogoslovec locality. Investigated samples were analyzed by SEM-EDS and XRD methods. Chrysotile is a member of the serpentine group, occurring in bundles of parallel finers, with random orientation about the finer axis. Chrysotile occurs as compact veins in the serpentinites. Sometimes finer veins split up in several smaller veins or coalesce and form a larger vein. The fibers are oriented perpendicular to the vein walls. Individual chrysotile finers are white and silky, but the colour of the aggregate in veins is usually light yellow to light green. Chrysotile veins are wide up 99 μm to a few millimeters. The development of chrysotile veins illustrates the mobility of the major elements Mg, Fe and Si during serpentinization. Тhe luster is silky. Crystal system is monoclinic, point group 2/m. Streak is white. Fibrous crystals of chrysotile from Bogoslovec are with different size (long from17 to 390 μm and width from 0.35 μm on individual fibers and 30 μm on bundles). In examined samples from Bogoslovec have substitution of Mg2+→Fe2+. Concentration of Fe 2+ is in range up 0.52 to 2.68 wt%. The unit cell parameters obtained using the main reflection lines of X-ray diffraction are: a = 5.330 Å; b = 9.156 Å; c = 14.665 Å; β = 93.432°; V = 714.550 Å3

Relationships between volcanism and plate tectonics: A case-study from the Canterbury Basin, New Zealand

Buried volcanoes and igneous intrusions of Cretaceous to Pleistocene age are widespread in the Canterbury Basin, New Zealand. Interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic reflection lines correlated to petroleum exploration wells reveal over 185 buried volcanic systems formed in association with tectonic activity since the separation of Zealandia from Eastern Gondwana. We characterise these volcanoes according to their size, age and spatial distribution. Small-volume scattered monogenetic (<10 km3) and polygenetic vents (>10 km3) erupted during ~105–85, ~65–13 and ~ 5–1 Ma time intervals. In contrast, large polygenetic volcanic complexes (>100 km3 of erupted magma) formed from ~85–66 and ~ 13–5 Ma. Magmatic intrusions are widespread in the basin, where they are commonly emplaced into Cretaceous to Eocene sedimentary strata. The eruption rates within the offshore Canterbury Basin varied through time, reaching maximum values of ~58–127 km3/Myr immediately after the onset of Late Cretaceous Gondwana break-up (~85–66 Ma) and in the Mid-Late Miocene (~15–5 Ma). Late Cretaceous volcanism may reflect the far-field (>600 km) manifestation of volcanism along the Antarctica-Zealandia spreading centre. Vents and intrusions are located near Cretaceous rift faults which, in some cases act as conduits for magma to ascend to the surface.

Modernity and interreligious dialogue. Difficulties posed by the ideological translation of religious categories

The relationship between Islam and Modernity is often explained in antagonistic terms. On the one hand, because Islam is a holistic system, where the political and religious spheres remain connected, resisting a modern definition of “religion”. On the other, because Modernity has been associated with the evolution of the liberal State and democracy, whose bases are deeply relativistic. Along these lines, we propose some arguments about the origin of this disagreement. To do this, we focus on the ideological reductionisms “religion” and “state” applied to the theological categories Dīn and dawla. The trace of this modern homologation can be traced through the historical connection of the West with the Islamic Arab world. Enlightened approaches and their ideal of progress found their best expression in reformist thinking. Since the 18th century, the solution to the problems derived from colonialism necessarily went through making the dogmatic foundations more flexible, injecting sceptical principles. The birth of this “political Islam” necessarily brought its “national” translation. The processes of construction of these states would feed the liberation movements, spreading for decades the deep wound of political violence and its export to the world. It is from this context that the Catholic Church has appealed to theological foundations as the only possible way to reverse the damage caused by geopolitics. Unfortunately, the states of opinion generated around this work divide, in the first place, Catholics. Throughout these pages, we will try to provide lines of reflection that add to our responsibility to generate a Christian conscience, open, reasonable and without interference, with respect to Islam.

La equidad de género en el sector de la construcción, una perspectiva desde la ética tomista

Este articulo presenta una línea de reflexión sobre las diferencias de género arraigadas en el sector de la construcción en el país, tomando como referencia datos estadísticos oficiales en cuanto a la participación laboral de la mujer en este sector y otros sectores en general, y es que este fenómeno se presenta en otros países, con lo que adquiere una naturaleza prácticamente que global. La diferencia de género en el trabajo constituye un obstáculo para el desarrollo de las potencialidades de las mujeres y una barrera en el desarrollo mismo de la sociedad, puesto que son marginadas de procesos científicos y formativos, no solo los exclusivamente laborales. En un campo como el de la construcción donde la ética forma parte integral del profesional, la equidad también debería entenderse como componente de esta ética profesional, para sentar las bases de un ejercicio profesional enriquecedor para ambos géneros, es decir, practicar la ética a través de la equidad de género.

Design of a connector for fault detection in eye bolts used as insulator anchorages

Eye bolts are part of a system used to anchor electrical insulators in substations and on transmission lines, connected by concrete structures. Structural failures in these devices may lead to service interruption, financial losses and risks for the general population. In this article, we propose a signal adapter capable of applying and receiving high frequency signals to a portable vector network analyzer for the eye bolt. The technique consists of injecting high frequency signals into the samples in order to detect their integrity and analyzing their return loss (S11), using the principle of reflection and transmission lines. Should the eye bolt present a failure, the ∣S11∣ response is changed, thereby enabling its detection. The development of the adapter, for both intact and defective bolt models, was based on electromagnetic simulation models using the Ansys HFSS program. The measurements were made with models of real bolts presenting approximate wear, in order to validate the simulations.

Deep structure of the Demerara Plateau: From a volcanic margin to a Transform Marginal Plateau

The Demerara Plateau (offshore Suriname and French Guiana) is located at the junction of the Jurassic Central Atlantic and the Cretaceous Equatorial Atlantic Oceans. The study of its crustal structure is fundamental to understanding its tectonic history, its relationship with the adjacent oceanic domains and to enlightening the formation of Transform Marginal Plateaus (TMPs). This study presents two wide-angle seismic velocity models from the MARGATS cruise seismic experiment, and adjacent composite seismic reflection lines. The plateau itself is characterized by a 30 km thick crust, subdivided into three layers, including a high velocity lower crust (HVLC). The velocities and velocity gradients do not fit values of typical continental crust but could fit with volcanic margin or Large Igneous Province (LIP) type crusts. We propose that the, possibly continental, lower crust is intruded by magmatic material and that the upper crustal layer is likely composed of extrusive volcanic rocks of the same magmatic origin, forming thick seaward dipping reflector sequences tilted to the west. This SDR complex was emplaced during hotspot related volcanic rifting preceding the Jurassic opening of the Central North Atlantic and forming the present-day western margin of the plateau. The internal limit of the SDR complex corresponds to the future limit of the eastern margin. The Demerara Plateau would therefore be an inherited Jurassic volcanic margin boarding the Central Atlantic. This margin was reworked during the Cretaceous at the eastern limit of the Jurassic SDR complex, creating the present-day northern transform margin and the eastern divergent margin along the Equatorial Atlantic. This study also highlights the major contribution of thermal anomalies such as hotspots and superposed tectonic phases in the history of TMPs, which share a great number of characteristics with Demerara.