Reduction In Anxiety Scores Research Articles

A pilot and feasibility study of a cognitive behavioural therapy-based anxiety prevention programme for junior high school students in Japan: a quasi-experimental study

BackgroundThere is a good deal of evidence that cognitive behavioural therapy is effective for children and adolescents with anxiety-related problems. In Japan, an anxiety prevention programme based on cognitive behavioural therapy called ‘Journey of the Brave’ has been developed, and it has been demonstrated to be effective for elementary school students (aged 10–11 years). The purpose of this study was to have classroom teachers deliver the programme to junior high school students (aged 12–13 years) and to test the feasibility and efficacy of the programme in this setting.MethodsThis study was a prospective observational study and was approved by the Chiba University Review Board. An intervention group consisting of six classes of students in their first year of junior high school at two different schools (n = 149; 81 boys, 68 girls) received seven 50-min programme sessions. Participants in the control group were recruited from four classes of students in their second year of junior high school at one school (n = 89; 51 boys, 38 girls). All participants completed the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale at pre-test, post-test, and 2–3 month follow-up. Statistical analysis was conducted using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures model.ResultsMean total anxiety scores indicated a non-significant decrease at the 2–3 month follow-up for the intervention group compared to the control group. The group differences on the SCAS from baseline to post-test was − .71 (95% CI − 2.48 to 1.06, p = .43), and the 2–3 month follow-up was − .49 (95% CI − 2.60 to 1.61, p = .64).ConclusionsIn this pilot study, implementation of the programme confirmed the partial feasibility of the programme but did not elicit a significant reduction in anxiety scores. In addition, there are several methodological limitations to this study. In the future, we propose to test the feasibility and efficacy of the programme with the required sample size and by comparing groups with equal characteristics as well as by carrying out additional follow-up assessments.Trial registration UMIN000032517.

Role of Yoga in relieving anxiety in MBBS Students

Introduction: Stress is nothing but gap between expectation and reality. Among different ways, one of the best ways of stress management programme is practicing Yoga. Yoga can achieve optimum functioning of not only body but also mind. With this, the present study was planned to evaluate effect of Yoga training on anxiety levels in medical students. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out in the department of Physiology, ARMCH & RC, Kumbhari and conducted on 50 MBBS students of age group 17-20 years, who participated voluntarily and actively after meeting inclusion & exclusion criteria. All students were given GAD-7 (G eneralized Anxiety Disorder-7) and Beck’s anxiety questionnaire for before and after yoga training. Result: For GAD score, there was highly reduction in anxiety score of 6.20 2.86 after giving yoga training as compared to before score i.e. 7.46 3.14 (p highly reduction in anxiety score of 20.74 0.72 after giving yoga training as compared to before score i.e. 26.84 1.84 (p Conclusion: In conclusion, yoga offers comprehensive solutions for reducing anxiety levels & improvising subjective feeling of well being and managing health as a whole. It can lead to reduction of stress levels and thereby preventing autonomic dysregulation. Keywords: Yoga, GAD-7 anxiety score, Beck’s anxiety score, Medical students.

The Relationship Between Parenting and Anxiety in Emerging Adulthood

Challenging parenting behavior (CPB) encompasses parental encouragement of children to push their own limits and take safe risks. Increased CPB has been associated with reduced anxiety scores in young children. This study sought to develop and evaluate a measure of CPB relevant to emerging adults (CPBQ-EA), and examine the relationship between anxiety and parenting behaviors, including; CPB, overprotection, rejection, and warmth. A sample of 442 18–25 year-olds completed self-report measures of anxiety and parenting. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three CPB domains; social, novelty, and competition. Greater social CPB was associated with lower social anxiety scores in emerging adults, but only when exhibited by fathers. Greater rejection exhibited by both parents was associated with higher emerging adult general anxiety and stress scores. These findings highlight the connection between paternal CPB and offspring social anxiety symptoms, the salience of parental rejection in emerging adult anxiety, and the importance of including fathers in parenting studies.

The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing on Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries

Background: Spinal cord injury is one of the worst injuries incurred to the individual and family. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) intervention on stress and anxiety of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients in Kermanshah, west of Iran. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study, which has been conducted for 6 months in 2018 - 2019. The study population consisted of SCI patients in Kermanshah province. The research instruments included demographic characteristics form, Beck's depression and anxiety inventories completed by patients in both groups after completing the written consent form using the self-report method. Random allocation was used to divide patients into experimental and control groups. To do so, patients were given a sealed card, and if the patient chose a white or black card, they will be placed in the experimental and control groups, respectively. Two sessions were held individually for each patient, and a total of 64 sessions of EMDR-based intervention were held for patients entered into the analysis phase. After data collecting and data entry to SPSS statistical software version 16, the data was analyzed with the use of descriptive statistical tests. Results: Finding showed the mean (SD) of depression scores before intervention was 45.36 (9.81), which after intervention was reduced to 40.54 (4.25) (P < 0.02). Also, in relation to the amount of anxiety, the mean (SD) of the anxiety score of the patients before intervention was 43.15 (4.35), which after intervention was reduced to 20.03 (11.91). After intervention, reduction in anxiety score in patients was more than depression score (P < 0.000). Conclusions: Considering that EMDR, as a non-pharmacological intervention, reduced depression and anxiety of patients, it is suggested that this technique, which is a free or non-complicated intervention for the healthcare system or patient, be carried out when providing clinical care to patients.

A preliminary study of efficacy of yoga therapy in anxiety disorders

Anxiety disorders are the most common of all mental health problems and often are chronic requiring ongoing medical or psychiatric care, including psychosocial therapies. Some of the non drug therapies such as Cognitive-behavioral therapy, Relaxation techniques, and bio- feed-back have proved efficacious. There has been a paucity of research on the role of yoga on anxiety disorders. Present paper examines the efficacy of yoga therapy in Anxiety Disorders and this is the preliminary findings of a long term project. Fifteen patients diagnosed suffering from Anxiety disorders (Panic Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorders) according to ICD-10 aged between 20 to 50 years, male and female; mild-moderate categories were recruited and assessed on anxiety severity scale. 6 males and 9 females were randomly assigned to one of the three groups – medication only; medication + yoga; and yoga only. Psychological General Well-Being Schedule, Satisfaction with Life, Anxiety Status Inventory, and Hamilton Anxiety Scale were administered. The physiological parameters such as pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, temperature, oxygen saturation, Body Mass Index were measured at base-line. A package of yoga practices designed to suit patients suffering from anxiety disorders was given. Patients were reassessed at 2 weeks, 6 weeks and at three months. Result showed significant improvement in Medicine+Yoga group while comparing with Medicine only group and Yoga only group. Even though the sample size is small, a combination of medication and yoga therapy reduced anxiety scores indicating the stabilization of mental imbalance.

Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Anxiety in Congestive Heart Failure Patients

&lt;p&gt;Anxiety is major psychological problem in congestive heart failure (CHF) patients. Anxiety leads to reduced quality of life. Anxiety can be treated using non phamacologic intervention. One of the interventions is progressive muscle relaxation (PMR). PMR is the most simple relaxation technique and possible to be applied in CHF patient. This study aimed to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety IN CHF patients in dr. Slamet Garut hospital. This study used quasi-experimental design pretest and posttest with control group. Samples were selected using consecutive sampling technique (23 patients for each group). Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) was used to measured anxiety. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney test. Analysis showed that there was a significant decrease in the mean anxiety score pre and post test both in the intervention and control group (p=0.000) and a significant difference in mean anxiety score reduction between groups (p=0.017) This study concluded that progressive muscle relaxation was effective to reduce anxiety levels in CHF patients. Nurses can apply progressive muscle relaxation as a complementary therapy to reduce anxiety in CHF patients&lt;/p&gt;

A Cluster Randomized-Controlled Trial of the MindOut Social and Emotional Learning Program for Disadvantaged Post-Primary School Students.

School-based social and emotional learning programs aim to provide students with the skills they need to deal with life challenges, thereby enhancing their social and emotional wellbeing, academic outcomes, and reducing their risk of mental health difficulties. While there is a robust evidence base on the effectiveness of these programs originating from the US, there is a relative paucity of research on how these programs impact young people in other county contexts, especially for older adolescents and those at higher risk. This study sets out to address this research gap by evaluating the effectiveness of a social emotional learning program designed for older adolescents in Ireland, the MindOut program. MindOut is a universal school-based social and emotional learning program designed for older adolescents in Ireland which was developed based on a common elements approach underpinned by CASEL's framework. Employing a cluster randomized-controlled trial, data on social and emotional skills, academic performance and mental health outcomes were collected from students (n = 497; 51.1% female) ages 15-18 years in 32 disadvantaged schools. There were significant improvements in intervention students' social and emotional skills including, reduced suppression of emotions (p = 0.035), use of more positive coping strategies [reduced avoidance coping p = < 0.001) and increased social support coping p = 0.044)]. Improvements in mental health and wellbeing were also found with significantly reduced levels of stress (p = 0.017) and depressive symptoms (p = 0.030) as well as reduced anxiety scores for females students (p = 0.044). These short-term evaluation findings support the positive impact of school-based social and emotional learning programs, such as MindOut, when designed to be both age and culturally appropriate and delivered to older adolescents in disadvantaged schools.

Efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of dental phobia in adults: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundAlthough Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) has proven to be effective in the treatment of various subtypes of specific phobia, there is limited evidence of its role in the treatment of dental phobia. MethodA single-blind RCT was conducted among 30 randomized patients with dental phobia to either VRET or informational pamphlet (IP) condition. Primary outcome anxiety measures (VAS-A, MDAS and DFS) were evaluated at baseline, pre- and post-intervention, 1-week, 3-months and 6-months follow-up. Secondary outcome measures assessed were pre-post behavioral avoidance, temporal variations of heart rate and VR-experience during and post-VRET, and dental treatment acceptance in both conditions at 6-month follow-up. ResultsIntention to treat analysis, using a repeated measures MANOVA, revealed a multivariate interaction effect between time and condition (p = 0.015) for all primary outcome measures (all ps < 0.001). Only patients of the VRET condition showed a significant reduction in anxiety scores (mean reduction [s.d.]: VAS-A 44.4 [36.1]; MDAS 7.1 [5.4]; DFS 21.2 [13.1]) whereas the patients in the IP group did not (mean reduction [s.d.]: VAS-A −0.33 [7.7]; MDAS −0.33 [1.3]; DFS −1.9 [3.8]), F (15, 14) = 3.3, p = 0.015. ConclusionsVRET was found to be efficacious in the treatment of dental phobia.

Probiotics: A Potential Immunotherapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Schizophrenia.

Probiotics are in use for physiological boosting, health supplement, and for treatment since historical time. Recently, the to-and-fro pathways linking the gut with the brain, explaining the indirect communication via modulation of immune function and levels of various neurotransmitters, have been discovered, but how precisely these modulations alter the levels of neurotransmitters contributing to the cognitive and other symptom improvements in patients with schizophrenia remains a new arena of research for psychiatry and psychology professionals. The germ-free mice experiments have been the game changer in the mechanistic exploration. The antimicrobial usage alters the local gut flora and hence is associated with psychiatric side effects that strengthen the association further. The changes in the genetics of these bacteria with different types of diet and its correlation with neurotransmitters production capacity and the psyche of the individual are indeed an emerging field for schizophrenia research. Redressal of issues such as manufacturing, the shelf life of probiotics, and stability of probiotics in the gut milieu, in the presence of food, secretions, and exact volume needed for particular age group will help in refining the dose duration of probiotic therapy. Clinical trials are underway for evaluating safety and efficacy in schizophrenia. The gut microorganism transplant and pharmacovigilance of probiotics are important areas yet to be addressed accurately. This paper elucidates the pathways, clinical studies, availability of probiotics in the Indian market with their composition, regulatory issues in India about the probiotic use, and future of probiotic research in schizophrenia.

The comparison between propofol and dexmedetomidine infusion on perioperative anxiety during regional anesthesia

Regional anesthesia for surgery is associated with increased anxiety for patients. This study aimed to compare the effect of propofol and dexmedetomidine infusion on perioperative anxiety during regional anesthesia. Eighty-four patients were randomly divided into two groups receiving either study drug infusion. Anxiety score, level of sedation using the Bispectral Index and Observer’s Assessment of Alertness and Sedation, hemodynamic stability, and overall patient’s feedback on anxiolysis were assessed. Both groups showed a significant drop in mean anxiety score at 10 and 30 min after starting surgery. Difference in median anxiety scores showed a significant reduction in anxiety score at the end of the surgery in the dexmedetomidine group compared to the propofol group. Dexmedetomidine and propofol showed a significant drop in mean arterial pressure in the first 30 min and first 10 min respectively. Both drugs demonstrated a significant drop in heart rate in the first 20 min from baseline after starting the drug infusion. Patients in the dexmedetomidine group (76.20%) expressed statistically excellent feedback on anxiolysis compared to patients in the propofol group (45.20%). Dexmedetomidine infusion was found to significantly reduce anxiety levels at the end of surgery compared to propofol during regional anesthesia.

TERAPI MUROTTAL SEBAGAI UPAYA MENURUNKAN KECEMASAN DAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA IBU HAMIL DENGAN PREEKLAMPSIA : LITERATURE REVIEW DILENGKAPI STUDI KASUS

The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia is far from being the target of sustainable development goal's (SDG's), with one of the dominant causes being hypertension in pregnancy (HDK) such as preeclampsia. Pregnant women with preeclampsia are prone to experience anxiety, which if left untreated will have an effect on the welfare of the mother and baby. Anxiety can also cause blood pressure to raise. One relaxation technique to reduce anxiety and blood pressure is with murottal therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of murottal therapy in reducing anxiety and blood pressure in pregnant women with preeclampsia and to find out how to apply it to the case study. The research design used is literature review and case study. Samples for literature review were obtained from electronic databases, namely Google Scholar of 6 articles about the theme of Murottal and anxiety therapy (5 national and 1 international) and 8 articles on the theme of murottal therapy and blood pressure. Samples for case studies of 2 pregnant women with preeclampsia. The results obtained from the literature review include a decrease in anxiety scores before and after treatment with a mean reduction in anxiety scores 6,297, there is an effect of murottal therapy on blood pressure or there is a difference in blood pressure before and after getting treatment, the average decrease in mean systole 12,188 and average mean decrease in mean diastolic 6,233. Whereas the results obtained from the case study include risk factors for preeclampsia in the respondent is a history of hypertension, obesity and primipara; lack of knowledge or information and lack of optimal application of therapeutic communication is a factor that aggravates anxiety and; anxiety scores dropped after receiving murottal therapy and blood pressure also fell relative.

A Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce Childhood Lead Exposure and Lead-Associated Neurobehavioral Deficits: The HOME Study

Background: Childhood lead exposure is associated with neurobehavioral impairments in children. No randomized trials have tested whether a comprehensive residential lead hazard intervention can prevent elevated blood lead concentrations and associated neurobehavioral outcomes.Objectives: We tested whether an intervention designed to reduce residential lead exposure completed during pregnancy could prevent elevated blood lead concentrations and improve neurobehavioral outcomes in children.Methods: We enrolled 355 pregnant women from the Cincinnati, OH metropolitan area in a randomized controlled trial. We randomly assigned women to receive either residential lead or injury hazards. The lead hazard intervention included elements designed to reduce or eliminate lead exposure from paint, drinking water, and soil. We assessed residential dust lead loadings at baseline and when children were ages 1 and 2 years. From ages 1-8 years, we measured blood lead concentrations and assessed cognition, behavior, and executive functions.Results: The intervention reduced floor, windowsill, and window trough dust lead loadings at ages 1 and 2 years by 24% (95% CI: -43, 1), 40% (95% CI: -60, -11), and 47% (95% CI: -68, -10), respectively. The intervention non-significantly reduced children&amp;#8217;s blood lead concentrations (-6%; 95% CI:-17, 6). Race modified the intervention effect on children&amp;#8217;s blood lead concentrations (intervention x race p-value&amp;#61;0.03); Black children had greater reductions in blood lead concentrations (-31%; 95% CI:-50, -5) than White children (-2%; 95% CI:-14, 12). Neurobehavioral test scores were subtly better among children in the intervention group than control group; all were statistically non-significant, except for a reduction in anxiety scores (-1.6; 95% CI:-3.2, -0.1).Conclusions: This intervention reduced residential lead exposures and, among Black children, blood lead concentrations, but did not result in substantive neurobehavioral improvements.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Management of Emotional Intelligence among Patient with Dissociative Disorder

The authors colorfully declare this paper to bear not conBackground: Dissociative disorder (DD) is characterized by an involuntary escape from reality characterized by a disconnection between thoughts, consciousness and memory. People from all age groups can be experienced dissociative disorder. It’s estimated that 2% of people experience DD, with women being more likely than men to be diagnosed. Studies of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) have shown it to be effective for treatment of DD. Aim: The aim of the study was to see the effectiveness of CBT on improvement of emotional intelligence and anxiety level of the patient. Methodology: Study involves A 18 years old, unmarried, Hindu, female, educated up to 12th, from middle socio economic status and hailing from urban area who was brought by her parents with chief complaints of restlessness, breathing problem, fearfulness, nervousness, concentration difficulty, sudden sub consciousness. She was referred for psychological intervention. The 12 weekly and individual session of CBT of 45-60 minutes duration was implemented with the patient. A pre and post assessment was done using Hamilton anxiety rating scale, emotional intelligence scale. Result: The finding demonstrates a reduction in anxiety score from 29 to 17 on post assessment and improvement in patient’s emotional intelligence level from 46 to 69 on post assessment. Conclusion: CBT has effectively showed improvement in the patient’s emotional intelligence in terms of self-regulation, self-awareness as well as reduce anxiety i.e., reduced nervousness, fearfulness, stop panic attacks.flict of interests

Effect of Residential Lead-Hazard Interventions on Childhood Blood Lead Concentrations and Neurobehavioral Outcomes

Childhood lead exposure is associated with neurobehavioral deficits. The effect of a residential lead hazard intervention on blood lead concentrations and neurobehavioral development remains unknown. To determine whether a comprehensive residential lead-exposure reduction intervention completed during pregnancy could decrease residential dust lead loadings, prevent elevated blood lead concentrations, and improve childhood neurobehavioral outcomes. This longitudinal, community-based randomized clinical trial of pregnant women and their children, the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, was conducted between March 1, 2003, and January 31, 2006. Pregnant women attending 1 of 9 prenatal care clinics affiliated with 3 hospitals in the Cincinnati, Ohio, metropolitan area were recruited. Of the 1263 eligible women, 468 (37.0%) agreed to participate and 355 women (75.8%) were randomized in this intention-to-treat analysis. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 2 interventions designed to reduce residential lead or injury hazards. Follow-up on children took place at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 years of age. Data analysis was performed from September 2, 2017, to May 6, 2018. Residential dust lead loadings were measured at baseline and when children were 1 and 2 years of age. At 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 years of age, the children's blood lead concentrations as well as behavior, cognition, and executive functions were assessed. Of the 355 women randomized, 174 (49.0%) were assigned to the intervention group (mean [SD] age at delivery, 30.1 (5.5) years; 119 [68.3%] self-identified as non-Hispanic white) and 181 (50.9%) to the control group (mean [SD] age at delivery, 29.2 [5.7] years; 123 [67.9%] self-identified as non-Hispanic white). The intervention reduced the dust lead loadings for the floor (24%; 95% CI, -43% to 1%), windowsill (40%; 95% CI, -60% to -11%), and window trough (47%; 95% CI, -68% to -10%) surfaces. The intervention did not statistically significantly reduce childhood blood lead concentrations (-6%; 95% CI, -17% to 6%; P = .29). Neurobehavioral test scores were not statistically different between children in the intervention group than those in the control group except for a reduction in anxiety scores in the intervention group (β = -1.6; 95% CI, -3.2 to -0.1; P = .04). Residential lead exposures, as well as blood lead concentrations in non-Hispanic black children, were reduced through a comprehensive lead-hazard intervention without elevating the lead body burden. However, this decrease did not result in substantive neurobehavioral improvements in children. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00129324.

Systematic Review: Depression and Anxiety Prevalence in Bladder Cancer Patients.

Background:Depression affects more than 300 million people of all ages worldwide. In patients with cancer the reported prevalence is up to 24%.Objective:To systematically review the literature to report the prevalence of depression and anxiety among patients with bladder cancer (BC).Methods:Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, and The Cochrane Library were searched between January and March 2018 using the terms “bladder carcinoma OR bladder cancer AND depression OR anxiety”.Results:Thirteen studies encompassing 1659 patients with BC were included. Six studies assessed depression prior and after treatment at 1, 6 and 12 months. Three were conducted in the US, one each in Turkey, Sweden/Egypt and China. Four studies showed a reduction of depression after radical cystectomy (RC) at 1, 6 and 12 months, respectively. Contrary, two studies showed no significant difference in depression between baseline and follow-up. Four studies investigated anxiety; they reported a slight reduction in anxiety score compared to baseline. Seven additional studies reported the prevalence of depression and anxiety (five studies) among patients with BC at a specific time-point. Studies were conducted in Sweden (2), Italy, Greece, US, China and Spain. Pretreatment depression rates ranged from 5.7 to 23.1% and post-treatment from 4.7 to 78%. Post-treatment anxiety rates ranged from 12.5 to 71.3%.Conclusions:The prevalence of reported depression and anxiety among BC patients is high with large geographic heterogeneity. Gender and geriatric specific screening and management for anxiety and depression should be implemented to alleviate suffering.

Are probiotic treatments useful on fibromyalgia syndrome or chronic fatigue syndrome patients? A systematic review.

Evidence suggests that the gut microbiota might play an important role in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Our goal is to systematically review the reported effect of probiotic treatments in patients diagnosed with FMS or CFS. A systematic review was carried out using 14 databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PsycINFO, and others) in February 2016 to search for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and pilot studies of CFS or FMS patient, published in the last ten years (from 2006 to 2016). The Jadad scale was used to asseverate the quality of the clinical trials considered. Two studies (n=83) met the inclusion criteria, which were performed in CFS patients and both studies were considered as a 'High range of quality score'. The administration of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota in CFS patients, over the course of 8 weeks, reduced anxiety scores. Likewise, this probiotic changed the faecal composition following 8 weeks of treatment. Additionally, the treatment with Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 in CFS patients, during the same period, reduced inflammatory biomarkers. The evidence about the usefulness of probiotics in CFS and FMS patients remains limited. The studied strains of probiotics have demonstrated a significant effect on modulating the anxiety and inflammatory processes in CFS patients. However, more experimental research, focusing mainly on the symptoms of the pathologies studied, is needed.

Musical intervention on anxiety and vital parameters of chronic renal patients: a randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACTObjective:to evaluate the therapeutic effect of music on anxiety and vital parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease when compared to patients receiving conventional care in hemodialysis clinics. Method:randomized clinical trial conducted in three renal replacement therapy clinics. Sixty people with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis were randomly allocated to an experimental group and a control group, 30 persons per group). State anxiety was evaluated in both groups by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. A t-test was used to verify the effect of the experimental manipulation on the variables. Results:we found a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the degree of anxiety experienced during hemodialysis sessions. The experimental group presented a statistically significant reduction of anxiety scores (p = 0.03), systolic blood pressure (p < 0.002), diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.002), heart rate (p < 0.01) and respiratory rate (p < 0.006) after listening to music. Conclusion:music represents a potential resource for nursing intervention to reduce state anxiety during hemodialysis sessions. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-64b7x7.

Patterns of change in anxiety and depression during pregnancy predict preterm birth

BackgroundTo determine whether changes in anxiety and depression during pregnancy influence the risk of having a preterm birth (PTB), and whether chronic stress modifies this relationship. MethodsThe data source for the current study is the All Our Babies prospective cohort (AOB). Anxiety and depression were measured at 17–24 weeks and again at 32–36 weeks’ gestation using the Spielberg State Anxiety Scale and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, respectively. Chronic stress was assessed at 17–24 weeks’ gestation as a potential covariate, and was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to assess each relationship ResultsWomen who experienced an increase in anxiety scores, (time point 32–36 weeks, compared to the earlier time point 17–24 weeks), had 2.70 times higher odds of preterm delivery, compared to those with a reduction in anxiety scores (95% CI 1.28, 5.69). Consistent low or high depression scores did not significantly influence the odds of PTB compared to a decrease in depression scores. A co-occurring increase in anxiety and depression scores was not found to increase the risk of PTB, and chronic stress did not modify any of these relationships. LimitationsThis study was limited by a relatively small sample of women who delivered preterm, and therefore it was not possible to conduct additional analyses. Further, the analyses were limited to mostly late preterm infants (32–36 weeks’ gestation). ConclusionsThese findings should be validated with additional cohorts and a larger sample size. Ultimately, primary prevention could address anxiety during pregnancy.

The effect of a preanaesthesia clinic consultation on adult patient anxiety at a tertiary hospital in Kenya: a cohort study.

Preoperative anxiety is a common perioperative complication seen in approximately 11-80% of adults undergoing surgery. One of the goals of the preanaesthesia clinic is to allay anxiety. A preanaesthesia clinic evaluation has been shown to reduce anxiety however current studies on anxiety and the preanaesthesia clinic have not quantified this reduction. To determine the reduction in anxiety in patients evaluated in the clinic versus those evaluated in the ward. Fifty one adult patients with 28 patients in anaesthesia clinic (AC) group and 23 in the ward (W) group were sequentially recruited from both the surgical, gynaecology and antenatal outpatient clinics and the wards. The patient's State Trait Anxiety Index (STAI) was taken once the patient was booked for theatre. The patients then had a preanaesthesia evaluation either in the preanaesthesia outpatient clinic (PAC) or in the wards. Another STAI score was taken in the preoperative area in theatre on the day of surgery. The difference in the change of STAI scores in both groups was then analysed. Fifty one adult patients were recruited with 28 in the AC group and 23 in the W group. The majority of patients were female (n=38). Statistically significant difference was seen in the reduction of the anxiety scores between the clinic group 2.143 (C.I=1.384-2.902) and ward group 0.74(C.I=0.17-1.31) with a p value=0.0051.There was also significant difference in reduction in anxiety scores within ward group in the patients with no prior anaesthetic experience having a greater reduction than those with prior anaesthetic experience. There were no other significant differences between the two groups. Patients evaluated in the anaesthesia clinic had a greater reduction in their anxiety but it was not as much as hypothesised which may be due to the multi-factorial nature of preoperative anxiety. A larger multicenter study is recommended to increase generalizability to the population.

Latihan Yoga Dapat Menurunkan Tingkat Kecemasan pada Siklus Mentruasi Remaja Puteri

&lt;em&gt;Every month women aged 12-49 years, not pregnant and not yet experienced menopause has menstruation. During this period, problems experienced by many women are discomfort or pain. Dysmenorrhoea resulted absenteism and cause disadvantages, due to a temporary "paralysis" while doing activities. The autonomic nervous system function changes during the luteal phase of the menstrual period, is associated with psychosomatic symptoms in the menstrual phase. A preventive alternative to improve women's health is by doing yoga. Yoga provides benefits to physical and mental health through the regulation of the HPA axis (Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal) and the Sympathetic Nervous System, increasing parasympathetic activity, lowering blood pressure, stress and anxiety levels. The physical movements of yoga stimulates, strengthens the body and improve blood circulations. Pelvic organs, perineal muscles and pelvic become healthier, get oxygen, so that the vascularization toward the reproductive organs become optimal. The purpose of this research is to know effect of Yoga to vital sign and anxiety level in girl adolescent menstrual cycle. The study was a quasi-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest. This research was carried at the Bandung Midwifery Department, to the student girls. Intervention in the form of Yoga was held in May-July 2015. A number of 121 people were taken as a sample using a stratified random sampling technique based on student level and inclusion criteria and 58 people selected by inclusion criteria, which were randomly assigned to yoga and exercise. Vital signs were measured directly and anxiety level using questionnaires. The results showed that reduction in diastolic pressure occurs more frequently in the exercise group, amounting 4.50 while yoga at 0.55. In the yoga group decreased pulse frequency which is equal to 1.83. Anxiety scores decreased more in the yoga group, the reduction in anxiety scores in the amount of 13.5 points. In conclusions there was no significant effect of yoga exercises to systolic pressure, diastolic, pulse and respiration. Yoga can significantly reduce the level of girls anxiety during menstruation (p 0.05).&lt;/em&gt;