Patterns of change in anxiety and depression during pregnancy predict preterm birth

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BackgroundTo determine whether changes in anxiety and depression during pregnancy influence the risk of having a preterm birth (PTB), and whether chronic stress modifies this relationship. MethodsThe data source for the current study is the All Our Babies prospective cohort (AOB). Anxiety and depression were measured at 17–24 weeks and again at 32–36 weeks’ gestation using the Spielberg State Anxiety Scale and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, respectively. Chronic stress was assessed at 17–24 weeks’ gestation as a potential covariate, and was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to assess each relationship ResultsWomen who experienced an increase in anxiety scores, (time point 32–36 weeks, compared to the earlier time point 17–24 weeks), had 2.70 times higher odds of preterm delivery, compared to those with a reduction in anxiety scores (95% CI 1.28, 5.69). Consistent low or high depression scores did not significantly influence the odds of PTB compared to a decrease in depression scores. A co-occurring increase in anxiety and depression scores was not found to increase the risk of PTB, and chronic stress did not modify any of these relationships. LimitationsThis study was limited by a relatively small sample of women who delivered preterm, and therefore it was not possible to conduct additional analyses. Further, the analyses were limited to mostly late preterm infants (32–36 weeks’ gestation). ConclusionsThese findings should be validated with additional cohorts and a larger sample size. Ultimately, primary prevention could address anxiety during pregnancy.