Reduction In Lean Body Mass Research Articles

Metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in Klinefelter syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome (KS), which normally presents with a 47,XXY karyotype, is the most common sex chromosome disorder in males. It is also the most common genetic cause of male infertility. KS subjects are typically tall, with small and firm testes, gynecomastia, broad hips, and sparse body hair, although a less evident presentation is also possible. KS is also characterized by a high prevalence of hypogonadism, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this article is to systematically review metabolic and the cardiovascular risk factors in KS patients. Hypogonadism has an important role in the pathogenesis of the changes in body composition (particularly visceral obesity) and hence of insulin resistance and MetS, but the association between KS and MetS may go beyond hypogonadism alone. From childhood, KS patients may show an increase in visceral fat with a reduction in lean body mass and an increase in glucose and impaired fat metabolism. Their increased incidence of congenital anomalies, epicardial adipose tissue, and thromboembolic disease suggests they have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. There is conflicting evidence on the effects of testosterone therapy on body composition and metabolism.

Glucose absorption from peritoneal dialysate is associated with a gain in fat mass and a reduction in lean body mass in prevalent peritoneal dialysis patients.

The majority of peritoneal dialysates use glucose to generate an osmotic gradient for the convective removal of water and Na. Although glucose can potentially be absorbed, previous studies have failed to establish whether this leads to increased fat weight gain. We measured body composition using bioimpedance in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, electively starting PD, attending for their first assessment of peritoneal membrane function after 2-3 months, and then after 12 months. We studied 143 patients: eighty-nine (62·2 %) males, fifty-three (37·1 %) diabetics, mean age 61·3 (SD 14·9) years, with ninety (62·1 %) patients treated by automated PD cyclers with a daytime icodextrin exchange and thirty-seven (25·9 %) by continuous ambulatory PD. Median fat mass increased by 1·8 (-0·5 to 4·1) kg, whereas fat-free mass fell -1·3 (-2·9 to 1·0) kg, and the increase in fat mass was negatively associated with the fall in soft lean mass (r -0·41, P < 0·001). Increased fat mass was associated with measured peritoneal glucose absorption (r 0·69, P < 0·001), and glucose absorption was associated with the amount of 22·7 g/l glucose dialysate (OR 2·0, 95 % CI 1·5, 2·5, P < 0·001), peritoneal urea clearance (OR 9·5, 95 % CI 2·4, 37·1, P = 0·001) and male sex (OR 4·8, 95 % CI 1·5, 14·9, P = 0·008). We report an observational study in prevalent PD patients following body composition from their first assessment of PD membrane function for approximately 12 months, and despite the majority of patients prescribed icodextrin, we have demonstrated not only an association between intra-peritoneal glucose absorption and fat weight gain but also loss of fat-free mass.

GLP-1 Analog Modulates Appetite, Taste Preference, Gut Hormones, and Regional Body Fat Stores in Adults with Obesity.

Obesity is associated with alterations in appetite, gastrointestinal hormone levels and excessive fat mass. We previously published a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, 16-week trial on effects of once-daily glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, liraglutide on weight, satiation, and gastric functions in obese volunteers. The aim of this substudy is to compare to placebo the effects of liraglutide on appetite, taste preference, regional body fat stores, and anthropometric measurements. Forty obese adults received standard instruction for weight management, monthly behavioral intervention utilizing motivational interviews, and 16-week treatment of once-daily liraglutide (escalated to 3 mg SQ daily). At baseline and 16 weeks, the following were measured: appetite and taste preferences rated every 30 min for 5 h after ingesting 300 mL Ensure®; maximal tolerated volume (MTV) with a nutrient drink test; fasting and postprandial bioactive GLP-1 (7-36) and peptide YY (PYY) levels; total and regional body fat with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and waist and hip circumference. Thirty-five participants (17 liraglutide; 18 placebo) completed the trial. Compared to placebo group, liraglutide group had significant reductions in MTV; prospective food consumption score; desire to eat something sweet, salty, savory or fatty; and an increase in perceived fullness. Postprandial plasma levels of GLP-1 decreased and PYY levels increased with liraglutide relative to baseline. Significant reductions in total body, trunk, and upper and lower body fat without reduction in lean body mass were observed. Liraglutide 3 mg SQ modulates appetite, taste preference, gut hormones, and regional body fat stores in adults with obesity without reduction in lean body mass.

Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty in the management of overweight and obesity: an international multicenter study

Obesity is a pandemic affecting approximately 700 million adults worldwide, with an additional 2 billion overweight. Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is a minimally invasive endoscopic bariatric therapy that involves remodeling of the greater curvature in an effort to reduce gastric capacity and delay gastric emptying. A variety of ESG suture patterns has been reported. This study is the first to use a uniform "U" stitch pattern across all centers to simplify technical aspects of the procedure and limit cost. This also uniquely assessed outcomes in all body mass index (BMI) categories and changes in metabolic rate, lean body mass, and adipose tissue composition. This is a multicenter analysis of prospectively collected data from 7 centers including patients with overweight and obesity who underwent ESG. Primary outcomes included absolute weight loss, percent total body weight loss (%TWL), change in BMI, and percent excess weight loss (%EWL) at 6 and 12 months in overweight and obese classes I, II, and III. Secondary outcomes included adipose tissue, lean body mass reduction, and metabolic rate analyzed by bioimpedance. Additionally, immediate or delayed adverse events (AEs) were analyzed. Clinical success was defined as achieving≥25% EWL at 1 year with≤5% serious AE (SAE) rate following the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE)/American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) threshold. A total of 193 patients underwent ESG during the study period. All groups had >10% TWL and >25% EWL at 6 months of follow-up. On average, %TWL was 14.25% ± 5.26% and 15.06% ± 5.22% and the %EWL 56.15% ± 22.93% and 59.41% ± 25.69% at 6 months and 1 year of follow-up, respectively. %TWL was 8.91% ± .3%, 13.92% ± 5.76%, 16.22% ± 7.69%, and 19.01% ± .95% and %EWL 56.21% ± 2.0%, 62.03% ± 27.63%, 54.13% ± 23.46%, and 46.78% ± 2.43% for overweight and obesity classes I, II, and III, respectively, at 1 year. Male sex, age<41 years, and higher BMI were predictors of achieving a TWL≥10% at 1-year follow-up. There was a significant reduction in adipose tissue from baseline. SAEs occurred in 1.03%, including 2 perigastric collections needing surgery. ESG appears to be feasible, safe, and effective in the treatment of patients with overweight and obesity according to ASGE/ASMBS thresholds.

Effect of a Short-term Lifestyle Modification Program on Quality of Life, Anthropometric Characteristics and CD4+T Cell Count of HIV Infected Patients in Tehran/Iran: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Increasing physical activity and promoting healthy behaviors may play a key role in reducing the adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy and HIV. This study investigated the effects of an 8-week lifestyle modification program (LMP) on quality of life, anthropometric characteristics and CD4+T cell count of people living with HIV (PLWH). Thirty PLWH taking ART were randomly assigned to a lifestyle modification program (LMP) (n=15) or standard care control (CON) group (n=15). All volunteers underwent body composition, CD4+T cell count measurement and quality of life assessments at the beginning and end of a two-month experimental period. At follow-up, we observed a significant increase in CD4+T cell count (117.52 cells/mm3; 95% CI, 36.59-198.45) and all subscales and total quality of life score (Short-Form 36 (SF-36) in the LMP group. While we did not observe a significant change in body composition for the LMP group, we did observe a significant increase in body fat (1.75%; 95% CI, 0.15, 2.33) and a reduction in lean body mass (-1.26; 95% CI, -1.26, -2.39) for the CON group. A LMP can be safely used as an effective intervention for improving quality of life and immune competence of PLWH who lack time to participate in a structured exercise regimen. IRCT 201604034076N18. Registered: 2016-05-05 .web address of TRIAL: en.search.irct.ir/trial/4262.

Alzheimer's disease: nutritional status and cognitive aspects associated with disease severity.

Alzheimer's pathology is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment and functional disability that causesprogressive restrictions in daily activities. The present study associates nutritional status with cognitive and clinical aspects of the elderly withmild, moderate and severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). data from the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), bioelectrical impedance (BIA), anthropometric measurements, and physical activityindicators were associated with clinical and cognitive aspects of 43 elderly patients with AD. The data were compared to a paired control group(NC) (n = 51) at a significance level of p < 0.05. elderly patients with AD presented lower cognitive performance, higher risk of malnutrition (p = 0.001), lower weight (t-test, p = 0.017)and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.006), and higher sedentarity (Chi-square, p = 0.040) when compared with the NC. The elderly with AD presentedsignificant reduction in lean body mass (LM) and increased fat mass (FM). As dementia progresses, significant impairment of nutritionalindicators is observed. Elderly patients with severe AD present lower weight, BMI, MNA scores and increased body fat mass index and fat masswhen compared with those with mild/moderate AD. A correlation was observed between better cognitive performance and weight, BMI, calfcircumference and triceps skinfold thickness. elderly patients with AD present high sedentarity, risk of malnutrition, lower weight, BMI and LM, and increased FM. There wasprogressive impairment of nutritional status and cognition as the disease progressed. There is an association between the nutritional variablesand cognitive aspects.

Reduced Lean Body Mass and Cardiometabolic Diseases in Adult Males with Overweight and Obesity: A Pilot Study.

Little is known about the reduction in lean body mass (LBM) and its health consequences in overweight and in obesity, especially in males. Therefore, we aimed to assess the prevalence of low LBM in treatment-seeking adult males with overweight and obesity and the association with cardiometabolic diseases, i.e., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia. A body composition assessment was conducted by a bio-impedance analyzer (InBody 170) among a total of 110 males, of whom 72 were overweight and obese and were referred to the Outpatient Clinic in the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at Beirut Arab University (BAU) in Lebanon, and 38 were normal-weight participants of similar ages. The participants with overweight and obesity were then categorized as being with or without low LBM. Of the sample of 72 participants, 50 (69.4%) met the criteria for reduced LBM and displayed a significantly higher prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases (i.e., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia) than those with normal LBM (36.0% vs. 9.1%; p = 0.019). Logistic regression analysis showed that low LBM increases the odds of having cardiometabolic diseases by nearly 550% (odds ratio (OR) = 5.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.31–26.39, p < 0.05) after adjusting for total fat and central adiposity. Treatment-seeking adult males with overweight and obesity displayed a great prevalence of reduced LBM, which seems to be strongly associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

PS02.196: STUDY OF BODY COMPOSITION CHANGE AFTER ESOPHAGECTOMY

Abstract Background Esophageal cancer surgery with lymphadenectomy is known as a cause of weight loss during perioperative period, but the change of body composition is unclear. Methods The aim of study is to clarify the influence of body composition change after esophagectomy. 144 patients(51 cases without NAC and 93 cases with NAC: 98 cases with less than G2 perioperative complications and 46 cases with G2 or more perioperative complications: 36 cases with recurrence and 108 cases without recurrence were included) of esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy from August 2011 to December 2016 and evaluated body composition examination before operation and after operation(1, 3, 6 month) were included in this study. We compared the change of body composition between with or without preoperative chemotherapy, postoperative complication, and recurrence. Results The weight loss rate at discharging hospital, 1,3,6 month after discharge for without NAC group/with NAC group was 3.3/3.8%, 7.8/6.8%, 10.1/9.2%, 11.1/9.1% (NS), and the lean body mass reduction rate was 4.1/4.5%, 7.1/6.6%, 6.5/6.7% (N.S.), 6.6/4.3% (P &lt; 0.05). The weight loss rate for with less than G2 perioperative complication group/with G2 or more perioperative complication group was 2.9/4.9%(P &lt; 0.01), 6.1/8.7%(P &lt; 0.01), 8.4/12.1%(P &lt; 0.01), 8.4/11.2%(P &lt; 0.05), and the lean body mass reduction rate was 3.7/5.9%(P &lt; 0.05), 5.9/9.0%(P &lt; 0.01), 5.6/9.6%(P &lt; 0.01), 4.4/5.5%(N.S.). And there was no significant differences of weight loss rate and lean body mass reduction rate at discharging hospital, 1,3,6 month after discharge between with recurrence group and without recurrence group. Conclusion Due to postoperative complications after esophagectomy, the rate of weight loss increased from hospital discharge to 6 months after discharge. Particularly, lean body mass was reduced within 3 months. So, we may have a strategy such as continuing enteral nutrition even after discharge for complicated cases. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Intranasal oxytocin reduces weight gain in diet-induced obese prairie voles

Oxytocin (OT) elicits weight loss in diet-induced obese (DIO) rodents, nonhuman primates and humans by reducing food intake and increasing energy expenditure. In addition to being important in the regulation of energy balance, OT is involved in social behaviors including parent-infant bonds, friendships, and pair bonds. However, the impact of social context on susceptibility to diet-induced obesity (DIO) and feeding behavior (including food sharing) has not been investigated in a rodent model that forms strong social bonds (i.e. prairie vole). Our goals were to determine in Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) whether i) social context impacts susceptibility to DIO and ii) chronic intranasal OT reverses DIO. Voles were housed in divided cages with holes in the divider and paired with a same-sex animal with either the same food [high fat diet (HFD)/HFD, [low fat diet (LFD; chow)/chow], or the opposite food (HFD/chow or chow/HFD) for 19 weeks. HFD-fed voles pair-housed with voles maintained on the HFD demonstrated increased weight relative to pair-housed voles that were both maintained on chow. The study was repeated to determine the impact of social context on DIO susceptibility and body composition when animals are maintained on purified sugar-sweetened HFD and LFD to enhance palatability. As before, we found that voles demonstrated higher weight gain on the HFD/HFD housing paradigm, in part, through increased energy intake and the weight gain was a consequence of an increase in fat mass. However, HFD-fed animals housed with LFD-fed animals (and vice versa) showed intermediate patterns of weight gain and evidence of food sharing. Of translational importance is the finding that chronic intranasal OT appeared to reduce weight gain in DIO voles through a decrease in fat mass with no reduction in lean body mass. These effects were associated with transient reductions in food intake and increased food sharing. These findings identify a role of social context in the pathogenesis of DIO and indicate that chronic intranasal OT treatment reduces weight gain and body fat mass in DIO prairie voles, in part, by reducing food intake.

Physical performance measures in screening for reduced lean body mass in adult females with obesity

Background & aimsLittle is known about the reduction of lean body mass (LBM) in obesity, or how to identify it in standard clinical settings. We therefore aimed to assess the prevalence of low LBM in adult females with obesity, and to identify the reliability of simple tools for its screening in this population. Methods and ResultsDual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition assessment was used to categorise 147 female participants with obesity as with or without low LBM, according to the new definition that takes into account both appendicular lean mass (ALM) and body mass index (BMI)—ALM/BMI <0.512. Participants were also administered the six-minute walking test, handgrip-strength test and 4-metre gait-speed test.Of the sample of 147 participants, 93 (63.3%) met the criteria for reduced LBM. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the six-minute walking test was the only independent test associated with low LBM (OR = 0.992, 95%CI 0.987–0.998). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis found that the discriminating cut-off points of the tests considered were 470 m, 3.30 s (gait speed = 1.2 m/sec) and 23.5 kg respectively; the 4-metre gait-speed test seems to provide the best balance of sensitivity and specificity, and the greatest discriminatory power at 90% sensitivity. ConclusionsTreatment-seeking adult females with obesity display a great prevalence of reduced LBM. The six-minute walking test was the only independent test associated with low LBM, but the 4-metre gait-speed test seems to be the most accurate functional test for screening for this condition in that population.

High-resolution rapid neonatal whole-body composition using 3.0 Tesla chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging.

BackgroundTo evaluate a whole-body rapid imaging technique to calculate neonatal lean body mass and percentage adiposity using 3.0 Tesla chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsA 2-Point Dixon MRI technique was used to calculate whole-body fat and water images in term (n=10) and preterm (n=15) infants.ResultsChemical shift images were obtained in 42 s. MRI calculated whole-body mass correlated closely with measured body weight (R2=0.87; P<0.001). Scan-rescan analysis demonstrated a 95% limit of agreement of 1.3% adiposity. Preterm infants were born at a median of 25.7 weeks' gestation with birth weight 840 g. At term-corrected age, former preterm infants were lighter than term-born controls, 2,519 vs. 3,094 g regressing out age and group as covariates (P=0.005). However, this was not because of reduced percentage adiposity 26% vs. 24% (P=0.28). At term-corrected age, former preterm infants had significantly reduced lean body mass compared with that of term-born controls 1,935 vs. 2,416 g (P=0.002).ConclusionRapid whole-body imaging for assessment of lean body mass and adiposity in term and preterm infants is feasible, accurate, and repeatable. Deficits in whole-body mass in former preterm infants at term-corrected age are due to reductions in lean body mass not due to differences in adiposity.

High-intensity interval training and calorie restriction promote remodeling of glucose and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obesity.

Calorie restriction (CR) decreases adiposity, but the magnitude and defense of weight loss is less than predicted due to reductions in total daily energy expenditure (TEE). The purpose of the current investigation was to determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would increase markers of sympathetic activation in white adipose tissue (WAT) and rescue CR-mediated reductions in EE to a greater extent than moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training (MIT). Thirty-two 5-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice were placed on ad libitum HFD for 11 wk, followed by randomization to one of four groups (n = 8/group) for an additional 15 wk: 1) CON (remain on HFD), 2) CR (25% lower energy intake), 3) CR + HIIT (25% energy deficit created by 12.5% CR and 12.5% EE through HIIT), and 4) CR + MIT (25% energy deficit created by 12.5% CR and 12.5% EE through MIT). Markers of adipose thermogenesis (Ucp1, Prdm16, Dio2, and Fgf21) were unchanged in either exercise group in inguinal or epididymal WAT, whereas CR + HIIT decreased Ucp1 expression in retroperitoneal WAT and brown adipose tissue. HIIT rescued CR-mediated reductions in lean body mass (LBM) and resting energy expenditure (REE), and both were associated with improvements in glucose/insulin tolerance. Improvements in glucose metabolism in the CR + HIIT group appear to be linked to a molecular signature that enhances glucose and lipid storage in skeletal muscle. Exercise performed at either moderate or high intensity does not increase markers of adipose thermogenesis when performed in the presence of CR but remodels skeletal muscle metabolic and thermogenic capacity.

Supplementing An Energy Adequate High Protein Diet With Additional Protein Is Not Necessary For Recovery Of Lean Body Mass After Short-term Starvation

Energy deficits during military operations can reach near complete starvation and result in significant reductions in lean body mass (LBM). Inadequate recovery of LBM may compromise subsequent performance. Consuming supplemental high-quality protein may accelerate LBM recovery by leveraging the anabolic properties of amino acids. PURPOSE: To characterize the effects of severe energy deficit on body composition and determine whether supplemental protein enhances LBM accretion during recovery. METHODS: Body composition (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the thigh (peripheral quantitative computed tomography) were measured before (BASELINE) and after (POST) a 7-d, near complete starvation caused by Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape School (SERE) in 63 male U.S. Marines (mean ± SD, 25 ± 2 y, 84 ± 9 kg). POST SERE, volunteers were randomized to receive supplements high in carbohydrate (975 kcal, 224 g CHO, 3 g PRO; n=21), moderate in protein (910 kcal, 123 g CHO, 87 g PRO; n=24), or high in protein (1055 kcal, 106 g CHO, 139 g PRO; n=18) during a 27-d recovery period (REC). Supplements were consumed daily, in addition to their self-selected, ad libitum diet. Dietary intake was calculated using 24-hr recalls and body composition measurements were repeated at the end of REC. RESULTS: For all participants, total body mass (TBM) (7.2 ± 1.0%; 5.8 ± 1.0 kg; P < 0.05) and CSA (5.9 ± 2.2%; P < 0.05) was lower POST SERE compared to BASELINE. The decline in LBM (4.7 ± 2.5%; 3.1 ± 1.6 kg; P < 0.05) accounted for 53% of the TBM loss. During REC, no differences were observed in total energy intake when self-selected diets and supplement intake were combined (4498 ± 1191 kcal/d; P > 0.05); however, per study design, protein intake was significantly different between groups (high carbohydrate: 1.9 ± 0.6 g/kg/d; moderate protein: 3.1 ± 0.9 g/kg/d; high protein: 3.4 ± 0.9 g/kg/d; P < 0.01). At REC, and independent of group assignment, all participants regained TBM (8.0 ± 2.8%), LBM (5.7 ± 2.9%), and CSA (7.4 ± 3.2%) from POST SERE deficits, resulting in no differences between BASELINE and REC measures (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that supplementing energy adequate high protein (~2.0 g·kg-1·d-1) diets with additional protein does not enhance LBM recovery from short-term starvation.

Multi Supplementation in Vegetarian Male Patient Submitted to Resistance Training Improves Body Composition in 14 Days

Fat loss is largely studied in order to comprehend the factors that interfere this process. The use of notable thermogenic substances are a viable option for weight reduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of multi supplementation in a male vegetarian overweight patient which was submitted to a resistance training protocol for 14 days on body composition parameters. The patient was 28 years old with BMI of 26.4 kg/m2 at the baseline of the treatment and was vegetarian for the past 12 years. It was monitored by a nutritionist for the past months with difficult to lose weight. The patient was already following a hypocalorical diet associated with a resistance training protocol and was submitted to multi supplements in order to complement possible deficiencies. The substances used during the period were whey protein isolate, creatine monohydrate and an mixture of catechin + L-carnitine. The patient showed notable reduction in different variables, such as body mass, fat mass, lean body mass, skin fold sum, as well as waist circumference. Despite the reduction of lean body mass, it was observed that, the patient showed an increase in muscle mass of 200 grams in this period. The association of multi supplementation appears to have improved body composition in a short period of time in a vegetarian male.

Arginine behaviour after arginine or citrulline administration in older subjects.

Arginine (ARG) and its precursor citrulline (CIT) are popular dietary supplements, especially for the elderly. However, age-related reductions in lean body mass and alterations in organ functions could change their bioavailability. Pharmacokinetics and tolerance to amino acid (AA) loads are poorly documented in elderly subjects. The objective here was to characterise the plasma kinetics of CIT and ARG in a single-dosing study design. Eight fasting elderly men underwent two separate isomolar oral loading tests (10 g of CIT or 9·94 g of ARG). Blood was withdrawn over an 8-h period to measure plasma AA concentrations. Only CIT, ornithine and ARG plasma concentrations were changed. Volume of distribution was not dependent on AA administered. Conversely, parameters related to ARG kinetics were strongly dependent on AA administered: after ARG load, elimination was higher (ARG>CIT; P=0·041) and admission period+time at peak concentration was lower (ARG<CIT; P=0·033), and the combination of both phenomena results in a marked increase in ARG availability when CIT was administered (ARG<CIT; P=0·033) compared with ARG administration itself. In conclusion, a single CIT administration in the elderly is safe and well tolerated, and CIT proves to be a better in vivo ARG precursor than ARG itself in healthy elderly subjects.

Relationship between lean body mass and serum renal biomarkers in healthy dogs.

BackgroundSymmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is an accurate and precise biomarker for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in humans and cats. Serum creatinine (sCr) also correlates with GFR, but has limitations as a biomarker of renal function because nonrenal factors can influence its concentration.HypothesisDifferences in lean body mass (LBM) influence sCr, but not serum SDMA concentrations.AnimalsForty‐one healthy Beagles, mean age 9.9 years (range: 3.1–14.8 years), were studied over a 6 month period.MethodsSerum biomarkers of renal function were measured prospectively at baseline, and 1, 3, and 6 months. SDMA concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy and sCr concentrations by enzymatic colorimetry. Body composition was determined by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry.Results LBM (P < .001) and age (P = .006) were significant explanatory variables for sCr concentration (R 2 = 0.38), but not SDMA concentration. Time on food was the only significant explanatory variable for SDMA concentration (R 2 = 0.49). SDMA concentrations decreased across time (P < .001). LBM was affected by sex (males > females; P = .02). Mature adult dogs (<8 years) had greater LBM compared with geriatric dogs (≥8 years; P < .001).Conclusion and Clinical Importance sCr concentrations, but not SDMA concentrations, are influenced by LBM, which limits sCr utility as a biomarker for monitoring renal function in dogs with decreased LBM. Reductions in LBM can lower sCr concentration and overestimate GFR. SDMA concentrations, but not sCr concentrations were influenced by time on food. SDMA could have clinical advantages over sCr in monitoring response to nutritional interventions.

Prevalence of sarcopenia in a Scottish cohort with chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving haemodialysis and its association with clinical parameters

The presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been suggested to elicit early onset reductions in lean body mass leading to disease related sarcopenia and poor functional performance. We investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia in a Scottish cohort receiving long term (>6 months) haemodialysis and its association with age, dialysis vintage, comorbidity and inflammation. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was based on the European consensus definition and diagnosis. Handgrip as a marker of muscle strength was measured pre dialysis. Height and weight were measured post dialysis for the calculation of body mass index (BMI). Calf circumference (CC) and mid arm muscle circumference (MAMC) were measured post dialysis as anthropometric estimates of muscle mass. Dual frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (DFBIA) was also measured post dialysis to derive skeletal muscle index (SMI). Functional performance was assessed using the 6-minute walk test and number of sit-to-stand transitions performed in 1 minute. Comorbidity scores were determined using the Charlson co-morbidity index scoring system, monthly high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) results were used to determine the presence of inflammation and dialysis vintage was calculated from the first date renal replacement therapy was initiated. Sixty-four patients were recruited 39 male & 25 female with a mean age of 54 years 16 (SD) and BMI of 27·6 Kg/m 6·3 (SD), mean hsCRP was 11·6 mgL 5·1 (SD), mean dialysis vintage was 75·0 months 84·8 (SD). 43·8% were identified as sarcopenic, with 26·6% presenting with severe sarcopenia. Sarcopenic obesity was present in 20·3%. Those with sarcopenia performed fewer sit-to-stand transitions and walked less distance in 6 minutes than those without sarcopenia. Whilst a significant difference in SMI was observed between those with and without sarcopenia, no difference in calf circumference or mid arm muscle circumference was evident.

213 Dietary management of pregnant women with cystic fibrosis

Objectives: Enteral tube feeding (ETF) has known benefits, improving weight and stabilising lung function in adult patients with CF. The aim of this study was to examine how weight gain is achieved through measurement of fat deposition before and after initiation of ETF. Methods: 6 patients fulfilled the study criteria, having undergone measurement of body composition [DEXA] 1 year prior to staring ETF and up to 18 months post ETF. Percentage change in weight (kg), body fat (%), lean body mass (kg), gynoid fat (%) and android fat (%) were recorded. Results: 6 patients [3M/3F], aged 17.7–33.0 years were eligible to participate. Body mass index at start ETF was 14.7–24.8 kg/m2. Fat deposition in the year after enteral feeding achieved up to 340% increase. Android (central fat) deposition was consistently greater than gynoid fat. 50% of cases had a reduction in lean body mass after start of enteral tube feeding, despite only one case displaying weight loss over this period.

212 Impact of enteral tube feeding on body fat and lean body mass

Objectives: Enteral tube feeding (ETF) has known benefits, improving weight and stabilising lung function in adult patients with CF. The aim of this study was to examine how weight gain is achieved through measurement of fat deposition before and after initiation of ETF. Methods: 6 patients fulfilled the study criteria, having undergone measurement of body composition [DEXA] 1 year prior to staring ETF and up to 18 months post ETF. Percentage change in weight (kg), body fat (%), lean body mass (kg), gynoid fat (%) and android fat (%) were recorded. Results: 6 patients [3M/3F], aged 17.7–33.0 years were eligible to participate. Body mass index at start ETF was 14.7–24.8 kg/m2. Fat deposition in the year after enteral feeding achieved up to 340% increase. Android (central fat) deposition was consistently greater than gynoid fat. 50% of cases had a reduction in lean body mass after start of enteral tube feeding, despite only one case displaying weight loss over this period.

215 Hand grip strength is associated with disease severity in adults with CF

Objectives: Enteral tube feeding (ETF) has known benefits, improving weight and stabilising lung function in adult patients with CF. The aim of this study was to examine how weight gain is achieved through measurement of fat deposition before and after initiation of ETF. Methods: 6 patients fulfilled the study criteria, having undergone measurement of body composition [DEXA] 1 year prior to staring ETF and up to 18 months post ETF. Percentage change in weight (kg), body fat (%), lean body mass (kg), gynoid fat (%) and android fat (%) were recorded. Results: 6 patients [3M/3F], aged 17.7–33.0 years were eligible to participate. Body mass index at start ETF was 14.7–24.8 kg/m2. Fat deposition in the year after enteral feeding achieved up to 340% increase. Android (central fat) deposition was consistently greater than gynoid fat. 50% of cases had a reduction in lean body mass after start of enteral tube feeding, despite only one case displaying weight loss over this period.