Red Scarlet Research Articles

Оценка влияния органоминеральных удобрений на формирование урожая картофеля

The results of field experiments on potatoes conducted in 2023 on the experimental fields of the Agrobiotechnopark of the Kazan State Agrarian University are presented. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the impact of the use of foliar application of experimental liquid organomineral fertilizers on the formation of the yield and quality of potato tubers. The objectives of the research included studying the nature of changes in the phytosanitary condition, yield and starch content in potato tubers when using a liquid organomineral fertilizer based on humic substances and food industry waste developed at Kazan State Agrarian University. The object of research was the Red Scarlet potato variety. Biosok was used as a standard humic fertilizer. The treatment was carried out in the budding phase - the beginning of flowering with a working fluid consumption of 300 l/ha. The drugs were used individually and as part of a tank mixture. The studies were carried out on gray forest highly cultivated soil. The agroclimatic conditions of the growing season in 2023 were characterized by periodically severe drought phenomena, which negatively affected the growth and development of potato plants. It was established that treatment of potato plantings with experimental organomineral fertilizer contributed to an increase in the number of tubers and their mass formed in one bush. The largest increase (by 3.2 t/ha to the control) in potato yield was obtained when using an experimental fertilizer with a consumption rate of 0.5 l/ha. When using foliar application of organomineral fertilizer, the infection of tubers of the new crop with dry rot and common scab significantly decreased. Due to the use of experimental fertilizer, there was an increase in the marketability of tubers and an increase in the starch content in them, which is important for industrial potato growing.

Potato yield forecasting based on a fuzzy-possibility model

Potato production is a complex dynamic system that requires ensuring the stability of its functioning in changing, uncertain economic conditions and a scientifically based approach to making effective management decisions. The purpose of the research was to assess and predict potato productivity depending on the level of mineral nutrition and the length of the growing season using expert knowledge and a fuzzy-possibility approach in the conditions of the Republic of Karelia. The experiments were carried out in 2019-2021 on three potato varieties of different early maturity: Udacha, Red Scarlet and Aurora on soddy-weakly podzolic sandy loamy well-cultivated soil. The microfield experiment included two options for applying mineral fertilizers: N80P60K120 и N120P90K180, the variant without fertilizers served as a control. Studies have shown that the application of mineral fertilizers significantly increases the yield of tubers by 10-58%. The yield of potatoes without the use of fertilizers averaged 28.4 t/ha in the experiments. The highest potato yield was obtained on the early variety Udacha (38.4 t/ha) against the background of the use of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N80P60K120. An adequate fuzzy-possibility model (FPM) based on explicit and implicit expert knowledge has been synthesized to predict potato yield. It is shown that the most significant factors in assessing the yield of potatoes of all tested varieties are the level of mineral nutrition (X2) and soil fertility (X5). The synthesized FPM can be used for the planned potato yield under certain external and similar technical and technological conditions.

Varietal reaction of potato plants grown on aeroponic installations

The article presents data on study of the productivity of potato early ripening varieties (Legenda, Russia; Red Scarlet, Netherlands) and middle-early varieties (Irbitskiy Russia; Gala, Germany) grown on aeroponic installations in artificial lighting conditions: three-tier adaptive installation (“Syntol” production) and single-tier installation produced by “Biological systems” plant. Potato plants were characterized by active growth and development. Their height ranged from 71.0 to 94.2 cm among the varieties, the number of leaves formed on one plant – from 23 to 31 pieces. The formation of mini-tubers was noted from the 46th day (Legenda variety) to the 53rd day (Irbitskiy variety). The first harvest was obtained at the 65th day in early varieties and at the 67th day for middle-early varieties beginning from planting of micro-plants on to the adaptation installation. The productivity of plants by varieties ranged from 123.0 g (Legenda) to 216.1 (Gala) g of mini-tubers per plant, output of mini tubers from 68.1 (Irbitskiy) to 105.2 (Legenda) pieces per plant, the mass of one mini-tuber ranged from 1.17(Legenda) to 2.73 g (Red Scarlet).

Use of microbiological fertilizer in planting early potatoes (Solánum tuberósum) in the conditions of Belgorod region, Russia

Environmentally friendly products are in great demand. For this it is possible to use the microbiological fertilizer. It is a six-component liquid fertilizer containing microorganisms: Derxia spp., Azotobacter chroococcum Azotobacter vinelandi, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus megaterium. It contains bacteria that fix nitrogen, has an antagonistic effect against phytopathogenic fungi, stimulates the natural immunity of plants. The use of microbiological fertilizers helps to reduce the negative effects ofclimate change and increases the resistance of potato plants to stress factors. Microbiological fertilizer Slavol has a wide spectrum of action: the number of stems increases on average for varieties by 32.6%, the height of plants increases by 10.8%, the total area of the leaf apparatus increases by 32.9%, the development of Alternaria decreases by 72.2%, the yield of early varieties of potatoes increases by 12.3% on average in the Belgorod region. At present, agriculture uses intensive cultivation technologies that allow for high yields. Mineral fertilizers, pesticides are used in large quantities, and therefore the ecology is deteriorating. Microbiological fertilizers can be used to reduce the agrochemical load on the soil and improve the ecological situation in agricultural technologies.The aim of our work was to study the microbiological fertilizer Slavol, which has a wide spectrum of action on early potato varieties, and its effect on productivity. The work was carried out at the site of the research and production laboratory for the study of farming systems of the Belgorod State Agrarian University, Russia (Latitude: 50 ° 31́11̋ N, Longitude: 36 ° 27́3̋ E, Elevation: 180 m). The soil of the experimental plot isleached black earth, medium-thick, medium-loamy. The following varieties wereused:1) Luck, 2) Bryansk delicacy, 3) Red Scarlet, 4) Early Zhukovsky, 5) Meteor, 6) Riviera. Options: control and treatment with microbiological fertilizer Slavol (treatment oftubers before planting. Planting took place on May 3, harvesting on July 15. The experiments were repeated 3 times. Variants in the trial were randomized. The area of one experimental plotis 25 m2. Planting scheme - 70 Ñ 35 cm. Standing density of 46.7 thousandplants per hectare. During the planting, the planting material of themiddle fraction (40… 80 g), elite was used. The cultivation technology is standard. The data were processed by themethod of statistical analysis. According to our research, the microbiological fertilizer Slavol has a wide spectrum of action, as evidenced by anincrease in the number of stems on average for varieties by 32.6%, plant height by 10.8%,the total area of the leaf apparatus by 32.9%, a decrease in the development of Alternaria by 72.2 and, as a consequence, an increase in the yield of early potato varieties by anaverage of 12.3% in the Belgorod region. The use of microbiological fertilizers will reduce or replace the use of chemical compounds.

ПОДВИЖНОСТЬ СИЛИКАТОВ, ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ПЛОДОРОДИЯ ДЕРНОВО-ПОДЗОЛИСТОЙ ПОЧВЫ, БИОАККУМУЛЯЦИЯ КРЕМНИЯ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ КУЛЬТУР ПОД ДЕЙСТВИЕМ ЦЕОЛИТА

ПОДВИЖНОСТЬ СИЛИКАТОВ, ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ПЛОДОРОДИЯ ДЕРНОВО-ПОДЗОЛИСТОЙ ПОЧВЫ, БИОАККУМУЛЯЦИЯ КРЕМНИЯ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ КУЛЬТУР ПОД ДЕЙСТВИЕМ ЦЕОЛИТА

MOBILITY OF SILICON, FERTILITY OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL, BIOACCUMULATION OF SILICON AND YIELDS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ZEOLITE

MOBILITY OF SILICON, FERTILITY OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL, BIOACCUMULATION OF SILICON AND YIELDS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ZEOLITE

Development of diseases early potatoes in the cultivation of two harvests in the conditions of the Moscow region

Potatoes are an important crop for the country’s food security. In connection with the warming of the climate, it becomes possible to cultivate two crops of potatoes in one growing season. Potatoes can be affected by numerous diseases, the most dangerous in our zone are Phytophthora infestans and, in recent years, Alternaria. According to various sources, losses amount to 50%. The use of resistant varieties reduces the pesticide load on the crop agrocenosis. The article presents the results of studies of field resistance of different varieties of potatoes to Alternaria and Phytophthora infestans, as well as the use of effective fungicides of systemic action. It was revealed that during the cultivation of two early harvests of potatoes during one growing season, differentiation of diseases occurs in the summer: Alternaria develops during the first planting, and Phytophthora infestansdevelops during the second planting. For the first planting, it is necessary to use varieties resistant to Alternaria (Zhukovsky, Lady Claire, Red Scarlet and Impala), for the second planting, resistant to Phytophthora infestans(Luck). In the system of protective measures, it is necessary to include one treatment with systemic fungicides, it is necessary to take into account the waiting period, as the growing season is short.

The Cultivation of Early Potatoes in the Conditions of Climate Change

Climate change is becoming increasingly dangerous for agricultural regions. Nevertheless, it gives some advantages for cultivating early potatoes. Potato is a ductile crop ubiquitously grown in Russia. In the Moscow region, it is possible to obtain two early potato crops due to various technological methods, e.g., light germination and large fractions of tubers for the first sowing. The first planting was carried out by the germination of tubers Red Scarlet, Meteor, and Lady Claire. The second planting was carried out with the middle fraction of the same array. The obtained crops of early potatoes show the possibility to get two crops in the Moscow region. It is better to carry out the first planting with a large fraction, which is physiologically older since it is more resistant to various growing conditions and has more nutrients in early planting. Thus, the tubers germinate faster, and the development phases pass faster, which allows one to get the crop by July 15. Such products are sold at higher prices and are economically feasible for any farm. The second landing was carried out on July 15. The received products are in demand among the population and restaurateurs in the fall, indicating the appropriateness of this cultivation technology. Therefore, climate change allows obtaining two early potato crops in the conditions of the Moscow Region.

Change in potato productivity under the impact of viral diseases

In 2014-2019 as part of comprehensive tests of the antiviral activity of a number of products in the field, a comparative assessment of the productivity of healthy potato plants and generations of plants of different varieties previously artificially inoculated with phytopathogenic viruses Y, S, M was carried out. During the testing period, in small-plot field experiments on a site at the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev Plant Protection Station (Moscow), the yield of the Ilyinsky plants infected Potato virus M decreased on average by 48,8%, of the Red Scarlet plants infected with Potato virus Y - by 54,9%, of the Adretta plants infected with Potato virus S - by 52,3%. In 2016 under the production conditions of Lipetsk region the yield loss of the potato variety Ramos was 31,8%, and in the Astrakhan region the yield of the potato variety Impala decreased by 36%. The effect of viruses on the content of photosynthetic pigments in infected plants was studied. In comparison with healthy plants the percentage of total chlorophyll in the wet weight of the leaves of the Ilyinsky plants decreased by 23,2%, of the Red Scarlet plants - by 19,7%, of the Adretta plants - by 15,8%. Varietal differences were revealed in the changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in tubers, starch and dry matter content from various viral pathogens.

Promising early potato varieties for the conditions of the Baikal region

The Irkutsk region belongs to the zone of risky agriculture, therefore, there is a need to search for early potato varieties that can be suitable for the region. According to the results of the research, the value of the potato yield in the Irkutsk region is influenced by genotypic peculiarities of the variety and weather conditions, in which plants grow. Based on complex indicators of plant growth and development, the varieties identified with high stable yields were Lazurit, Madeline, Red Scarlet, Krasnoye Leto, Zhukovsky Ranniy and Agata, Rosara. In the breeding work to create new potato varieties, we recommend that the parent forms include the varieties distinguished for their environmental plasticity and stability, yield, quality of tubers and their resistance to golden nematode of potato. We recommend that the variety ‘Lazurit’ should be included in the state variety testing in the Irkutsk region and production test for this variety be organized at farms of the forest-steppe zone of the Irkutsk region.

Reaction of very early and early mature varieties of potatoes to the external conditions of the north-eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine by productivity

The article presents the results of a study on the reaction of very early and early ripening commercial varieties of potatoes in the north-eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine in terms of productivity. The experiments were performed according to accepted and tested methods. Extremely high value of potato varieties in general and early ripening in particular to meet the needs of people rich in starch, essential amino acids, vitamins and macro-and micronutrients, which can be available to people for a long time.
 There is a significant impact on the implementation of productivity among the very early varieties of external factors. With very few exceptions: Prada in 2019 and 2020 and Riviera in 2019 and 2020 did not match the rank of varieties.
 According to the average three-year data, the very early variety Riviera was characterized by maximum productivity, but it also had the highest value of the coefficient of variation of the trait. Although the Duma variety was inferior to the mentioned variety in terms of average productivity, the value of the coefficient of variation is almost twice less.
 The worst external conditions for the implementation of productivity in very early varieties were in 2020, which in absolute terms is 1.6 times less than in 2018 and 1.2 times than in 2019. The most favorable for the manifestation of productivity between the early varieties Madison and Tauras were in 2018, Shchedryk and Palace ‒ in the next, and Beo and Tauras ‒ in 2020, although the absolute value was different, respectively, 620 and 630 g/nest, 800 and 780 g/nest and 518 and 522 g/nest.
 According to weighted average data, the best conditions for the realization of productivity among early-maturing varieties were found in 2019 (428 g/nest), and the worst – in 2020 (221 g/nest). The maximum value of the coefficient of variation of productivity over the years took place in the early varieties of Latona and Alliance, respectively, 94.9 and 93.4 %. The opposite was true for the Red Scarlet variety ‒ 7.8 % and some others.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ПРОЦЕССА ОЧИСТКИ КЛУБНЕЙ КАРТОФЕЛЯ И КОРНЕПЛОДОВ МОРКОВИ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ УЛЬТРАЗВУКА

The most promising of the known ways to reduce the content of soil bolsters during machine harvesting of tuberous roots should be considered pre-harvest moisturization of the soil layer in which the tuberous root are located. This significantly reduces the content of soil impurities in harvested tuberous roots. However, atomized spray of water, even under pressure, is not able to ensure its instant flow to the depth of tuberous roots and, moreover, to moisten the soil to the state that provides further intensification of the process of separation of tuberous roots from soil bolsters that are comparable to them. To eliminate this defect, it is necessary to provide an intensification of the water spraying process by one of the methods of physical influence, which provides instant soil moisture to the depth of tuberous roots. The article presents instrumentation for research of technological parameters of ultrasonic treatment on the quality of the cleaning roots crops from soil impurities, the method and results of laboratory studies of ultrasound effect on the cleaning process of potato tubers of the "Red Scarlet" variety and carrot root crops of «Shantane» variety . The optimal parameters of ultrasound influence that intensifies the process of cleaning root crops from soil impurities were determined. The results of comparative laboratory studies of cleaning potato tubers and carrot root crops from various root crops on the physical and mechanical composition of soil impurities (sandy loams and loam soils) allow us to conclude that the best indicators of intensification of ultrasonic influence with increase in the completeness of cleaning, despite the weight and type of contamination, are observed when processing carrot root crops, the completeness of cleaning is on average higher by 13...20 %.

Исследование влияния препарата «Биопаг» на микробиологическое состояние и потери от болезней клубней картофеля при хранении

В работе изучена фунгицидная активность препарата Биопаг при осеннем опрыскивании клубней. Целью исследований явилось изучение влияния осенней обработки клубней препаратом Биопаг на микробиологическое состояние клубней и потери от болезней, а также выявление наиболее эффективных доз препарата, обеспечивающих максимальный защитный эффект при хранении картофеля. Для обработки использовали клубни двух сортов картофеля одной группы спелости (раннеспелой) – Жуковский ранний и Ред Скарлет. Обработку клубней осуществляли через две-три недели после уборки путем опрыскивания их из малообъемного опрыскивателя ПУМ-30 МК раствором препарата в дозировках 0,5 л/т; 075 л/т и 1,00 л/т. Контролем служили клубни, обработанные водой. После обсушивания клубни закладывали на хранение в отдельный закром модульного картофелехранилища. Температура в основной период хранения составила 4-6°С, относительная влажность воздуха – 85-90%. Состояние поверхностной микрофлоры клубней оценивали дважды – перед закладкой на хранение (сентябрь) и в конце хранения (апрель); количественные потери клубней от микробиологических болезней учитывали в конце хранения. При этом использованы стандартные методы исследований. После 7 месяцев хранения установлено улучшение микробиологического состояния обработанных клубней по сравнению с контрольными. Особенно эффективно действие Биопага против таких потенциально опасных для человека микроорганизмов, как дрожжи и плесени. В среднем за два года выявлено снижение по отношению к контролю потерь от микробиологических болезней клубней на 0,11-8,69% в зависимости от сорта и дозировки препарата. Максимальный защитный эффект вызывает дозировка препарата 0,75 л/т.

Влияние новых удобрений на урожайность и качество картофеля

Одним из методов совершенствования технологии возделывания картофеля является применение комплексных водорастворимых хелатных удобрений. В 2018 – 2019 гг. исследовано воздействие комплексного минерального удобрения Грин-Го 18 – 18 – 18 + 1,3MgO + микро и микроудобрения Рексолин ABC на рост и развитие районированных по Северо-Западному региону РФ сортов картофеля с различными сроками созревания. В опыте исследовали 9 сортов по 3 группам скороспелости: раннеспелые — Чароит (очень ранний), Удача, Ред Скарлет; среднеранние — Гала, Елизавета, Памяти Осиповой; среднеспелые — Аврора, Каскад, Ладожский. Обрабатывали удобрениями в 2 этапа: предпосадочная обработка клубней водным раствором препарата Рексолин ABC и внесение Грин-Го 18 – 18 – 18 + 1,3MgO + микро по достижении всходов 10 см. Определяли урожайность клубней картофеля, содержание в них сухого вещества, крахмала и нитратов. Выявлено положительное влияние применяемых удобрений на урожайность и качество исследуемых сортов картофеля. Все исследуемые сорта по содержанию нитратов не превышали предельно допустимой концентрации (250 мг/кг), которая варьировала в пределах 96–106 мг/кг. Лучшие показатели по урожайности отмечены у группы раннеспелых и среднеранних сортов — превышение по сравнению с контролем (без обработки) составило 16,5 – 66,5 % в 1-й год исследований и 12,1 – 71,0 % во 2-й год. Выявлено повышение содержания крахмала и сухого вещества в клубнях картофеля при применении удобрений — соответственно до 12,1 – 16,7 и 21,3 – 26,8 %. Опытные среднеспелые сорта не показали значительных результатов по урожайности, что может быть связано со сроками внесения и концентрацией используемых препаратов.

Callus induction and indirect regeneration of Thunbergia coccinea Wall.

In vitro regeneration of Thunbergia coccinea Wall. ex D. Don via organogenesis was obtained from leaf callus tissue of T. coccinea, a perennial climbing medicinal vine plant with attractive red scarlet blooming in particular season. Highest weighted callus was obtained from leaves of T. coccinea on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/L NAA. Embryogenic callus were observed on MS basal media containing NAA rather than 2,4-D. Somatic embryogenesis was demonstrated by field emission scanning electron microscopic studies of some embryogenic callus. Highest frequency of somatic embryos was obtained in 3.0 mg/L NAA. Indirect shoot bud organogenesis and rhizogenesis were also observed on some embryogenic callus. Plantlets were regenerated from both somatic embryos and shoot buds. Highest number of shoots was noted in 0.1 mg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L BAP combination while transferring in regeneration media. Regenerated plantlets were hardened successfully on pot. The survival rate of regenerated plants after hardening was 50%.

УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ПРИ ВРЕМЕННОМ УКРЫВАНИИ ПОСАДОК КАРТОФЕЛЯ РАННЕГО В УСЛОВИЯХ МОСКОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

In the Moscoww region, frosts are quite probable to return until the fi rst decade of June. To protect potatoes from the returning cold weather, it is possible to use a temporary covering material in the “planting – seedling emergence” period. The authors have studied the use of covering materials on early potato varieties of Udacha, Zhukovsky early, Red Scarlet, Snegir’, and Meteor. Studies have been conducted on the test plot of the Vegetable Growing Department of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in 2017-2019. Non-woven white and black material of the same density of 17 g/m2 was used for covering. No covering was used in the check variant. The cultivation technology was standard,it included tillage (plowing, spring tillage, and cutting ridges before planting), as well as plant care (inter-row cultivation and hilling-up). Planting was carried out with a single-row potato planter. The earliest emergence of seedlings was observed under white covering material with a diff erence of 5-6 days in relation to the check variant. In the variant with a black covering material, the diff erence averaged 3-4 days. Due to covering, planting was carried out earlier than expected and the crop was formed by July 15. The interphase period between potato planting and seddling emergence decreased, while that from seddling emergence to harvesting increased, consequently, the yield increased by 11.6…14.7%. The maximum yield was obtained with the Red Scarlet variety using the white covering material, the minimum – in the check variant without covering. The same trend is typical for other varieties. It has been established that covering with any material has a positive eff ect on the duration of the potato growing season and the yield by increasing the period of tuberization. Covering allows getting early potato varieties 2 weeks earlier in the Moscow region.

Molecular identification and comparative characterization of Fusarium isolates, obtained from potato plants

The paper analyzes fungi of the genus Fusarium isolated from plants and tubers of different potato cultivars grown on the territory of Tatarstan. It was established that the majority of the strains belonged to the Fusarium oxysporum species complex. Isolates obtained from the root necks of wilting potato plants and conditionally healthy tubers are, to varying degrees, capable of causing dry rot of tubers during artificial inoculation. Also, the virulence of the strains does not correlate with extracellular proteolytic activity. It was shown that the tubers of the Zhukovskij rannij cultivar are most sensitive to fusaria infections, in contrast to the Red Scarlet and Reggi cultivars.

Effect of exchange of gases for tissue culture vessels to produce the meristem of Solanum tuberosum in vitro

The microenvironment in plant tissue culture vessels has a significant effect on the growth and development of plantlets in vitro. The Studies have indicated the gas exchange between outside and inside air can effect on microenvironment of culture vessels, therefore, the experiment was conducted to determine the effect of gas exchange on the production of the fabric tissue to micropropagation of Solanum tuberosum and the possibility of storage the fabric to a long time without drought to the culture. In the experiment, two factors were used. The first factor is the volume of gas exchange of the diameter of the filter (1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, 2.5 cm) and the second factor used four varieties of Solanum tuberosum (Eastma, Red Scarlet, Arora, Violet ).

Starch phosphorylation associated SNPs found by genome-wide association studies in the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

BackgroundThe natural variation of starch phosphate content in potatoes has been previously reported. It is known that, in contrast to raw starch, commercially phosphorylated starch is more stable at high temperatures and shear rates and has higher water capacity. The genetic improvement of phosphate content in potato starch by selection or engineering would allow the production of phosphorylated starch in a natural, environmentally friendly way without chemicals. The aim of the current research is to identify genomic SNPs associated with starch phosphorylation by carrying out a genome-wide association study in potatoes.ResultsA total of 90 S. tuberosum L. varieties were used for phenotyping and genotyping. The phosphorus content of starch in 90 potato cultivars was measured and then statistically analysed. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the third and eighth principal components appeared to be sensitive to variation in phosphorus content (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.002, respectively). PC3 showed the correlation of starch phosphorus content with allelic variations responsible for higher phosphorylation levels, found in four varieties. Similarly, PC8 indicated that hybrid 785/8–5 carried an allele associated with high phosphorus content, while the Impala and Red Scarlet varieties carried alleles for low phosphorus content. Genotyping was carried out using an Illumina 22 K SNP potato array. A total of 15,214 scorable SNPs (71.7% success rate) was revealed. GWAS mapping plots were obtained using TASSEL based on several statistical models, including general linear models (GLMs), with and without accounting for population structure, as well as MLM. A total of 17 significant SNPs was identified for phosphorus content in potato starch, 14 of which are assigned to 8 genomic regions on chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, and 11. Most of the SNPs identified belong to protein coding regions; however, their allelic variation was not associated with changes in protein structure or function.ConclusionsA total of 8 novel genomic regions possibly associated with starch phosphorylation on potato chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, and 11 was revealed. Further validation of the SNPs identified and the analysis of the surrounding genomic regions for candidate genes will allow better understanding of starch phosphorylation biochemistry. The most indicative SNPs may be useful for developing diagnostic markers to accelerate the breeding of potatoes with predetermined levels of starch phosphorylation.

Refining ACES Best Practice

ACES is the Academy Color Encoding System established by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Science (A.M.P.A.S). Since its introduction (version 1.0 in December 2014), it has been widely used in the film industry. The interaction of four modules makes the system flexible and leaves room for own developments and modifications. Nevertheless, improvements are possible for various practical applications. This paper analyzes some of the problems frequently encountered in practice in order to identify possible solutions. These include improvements in importing still images, white point conversions problems and test lighting. The results should be applicable in practice and take into account above all the workflow with commercially available software programs. The goal of this paper is to record the spectral distribution of a GretagMacbeth ColorChecker using a spectrometer and also photography it with different cameras like RED Scarlet M-X, Blackmagic URSA Mini Pro and Canon EOS 5D Mark III under the same lighting conditions. The recorded imagery is then converted to the ACES2065-1 color space. The positions of the patches of the ColorChecker in CIE Yxy color space are then compared to the positions of the patches captured by the spectral device. Using several built-in converters the goal is to match the positions of the spectral data as close as possible