Red Core Research Articles

Crimson Behemoth: A massive clumpy structure hosting a dusty AGN at z=4.91

Abstract The current paradigm for the co-evolution of galaxies and their supermassive black holes postulates that dust-obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) represent a transitional phase towards a more luminous and unobscured state. However, our understanding of dusty AGNs and their host galaxies at early cosmic times is inadequate due to observational limitations. Here, we present JWST observations of CID-931, an X-ray-detected AGN at a spectroscopic redshift of $z_{\rm spec}=4.91$. Multiband NIRCam imaging from the COSMOS-Web program reveals an unresolved red core, similar to JWST-discovered dusty AGNs. Strikingly, the red core is surrounded by at least eight massive star-forming clumps spread over ${1{^{\prime \prime}_{.}}6} \approx 10\,\,{\rm kpc}$, each of which has a stellar mass of $10^9$–$10^{10}\, M_{\odot }$ and a radius of $\sim$0.1–1 kpc. The whole system amounts to $10^{11}\, M_{\odot }$ in stellar mass, higher than typical star-forming galaxies at the same epoch. In this system, gas inflows and/or complex merger events may trigger clump formation and AGN activity, thus leading to the rapid formation of a massive galaxy hosting a supermassive black hole. Future follow-up observations will provide new insights into the evolution of the galaxy–black hole relationship during such transitional phases in the early universe.

Study on the Identification, Biological Characteristics, and Fungicide Sensitivity of the Causal Agent of Strawberry Red Core Root Rot

Strawberry red core root rot disease affects the growth and yield of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch), which leads to economic losses in China. The study employed a tissue separation method to isolate and identify the causal agent responsible for strawberry red core root rot. This was achieved by the observation of its morphological characteristics, sequencing analyses, and pathogenicity tests. The sensitivity of five chemical fungicides against the two species of Fusarium was determined using the mycelial growth rate method, and the biological characteristics of the two species were examined. The pathogens were identified as Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum. The optimal conditions for the mycelial growth of F. solani and F. oxysporum were determined to be potato sucrose agar at 25 °C and pH 6, and potato dextrose agar at 30 °C and pH 8, respectively, with a 24:24 light cycle. The most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources for the mycelial growth of F. solani were sucrose and sodium nitrate (NaNO3), while for F. oxysporum, they were glucose and peptone. A fungicide sensitivity test indicated that Prochloraz had a good inhibitory effect on the growth of F. solani and F. oxysporum with EC50 values of 0.088 mg L−1 and 0.162 mg. The growth inhibition effect of Azoxystrobin to F. solani and Carbendazim to F. oxysporum was not obvious. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on strawberry red core root disease and its prevention.

FEATURES OF GROWING CARROTS IN THE OPEN SOIL OF THE RIGHT FOREST STEPPE

Data on the cultivation of carrot varieties and hybrids in open ground conditions with biometric indicators, yield and quality biochemical values are presented. The research was conducted in 2023-2024 using carrot varieties: Karlena, Chantane Red Core, Long Red, Yaskrava, Campino and hybrids Bolivar F1, Abaco F1, Charisma F1, Canada F1. Karlena plants and plants of the hybrid Abaco F1 served as controls among the mordant varieties. Biometric indicators of carrots depended on the varietal characteristics of the plant. The largest mass of the root crop in the open ground was established for the cultivation of the Campina carrot variety, where its value was 210 g. At the same time, if proper technology is observed in the open ground, the root crop of the Karlena variety can increase to 21 cm, and the diameter of the root crop in the Shantane Red Core and Campina varieties increases by 18 and 20%, by 1.0-1.1 times for Long Red and Yaskrava varieties. The height of the above-ground part of the plant and the height of the plant with the root crop exceed the value of the Karlena variety by 1.8-2 times and 1.3-1.5 times, respectively. Among the hybrids, the Bolivar F1 hybrid was characterized by the largest root mass with a value of 175 g, the longest root was obtained from the Abaco F1 hybrid. The researched varieties are divided into two groups by yield: high-yielding and medium-yielding varieties. The first group includes the Yaskrava and Campina varieties, in which the yield is 75-83 t/ha. Chantane Red Core and Long Red varieties belong to the second group of varieties, where the yield increases by only 18% for Shantane Red Core and 31% for Long Red. As a result of growing the Bolivar F1 hybrid, the yield increases by 3 t/ha. The most dry matter, crude protein and sugar can be obtained by growing the Karlena variety - 17.55%, 2.24% and 10.11%, respectively, and the Dovga red and Yaskrava varieties with lower indicators. Among the carrot hybrids, the Abaco F1 hybrid is characterized by the highest value of dry matter - 14.15% and protein content of 2.18%. At the same time, the roots of the hybrids Abaco F1 and Canada F1 are characterized by a high sugar content, where the value of sugar was 7.87 and 7.92%, respectively, and ash - hybrids Abaco F1 and Charisma F1.

Nature versus nurture: distinguishing effects from stellar processing and chemical evolution on carbon and nitrogen in red giant stars

ABSTRACT The surface [C/N] ratios of evolved giants are strongly affected by the first dredge-up (FDU) of nuclear-processed material from stellar cores. C and N also have distinct nucleosynthetic origins and serve as diagnostics of mixing and mass-loss. We use subgiants to find strong trends in the birth [C/N] with [Fe/H], which differ between the low-α and high-α populations. We demonstrate that these birth trends have a strong impact on the surface abundances after the FDU. This effect is neglected in current stellar models, which use solar-scaled C and N. We map out the FDU as a function of evolutionary state, mass, and composition using a large and precisely measured asteroseismic data set in first-ascent red giant branch (RGB) and core He-burning, or red clump (RC), stars. We describe the domains where [C/N] is a useful mass diagnostic and find that the RC complements the RGB and extends the range of validity to higher mass. We find evidence for extra mixing on the RGB below [Fe/H] = −0.4, matching literature results, for high-α giants, but there is no clear evidence of mixing in the low-α giants. The predicted signal of mass-loss is weak and difficult to detect in our sample. We discuss implications for stellar physics and stellar population applications.

Evolution of solid-in-hollow structured plasma bullet: Modulated by pulse repetition frequency and rising time

Plasma bullets in atmospheric pressure plasma jets have drawn much scholarly attention in the past decade, especially its shape. This Letter reports the formation and evolution mechanism of a solid-in-hollow structured bullet. At high pulse repetition frequency (≥20 kHz) and long rising time (≥200 ns), the traditional hollow ring bullet turns into the solid-in-hollow structure, and the plasma plume correspondingly appears as a purple external plume with an extra internal filamentary red core under bare eyes. An image process method based on color recognition and decoupling is designed to separate the images of the external plume and the internal filamentary core and is then used to analyze the discharge mechanism together with the intensified charge-coupled device imaging and spectrum measurement. Analyses reveal that the dominant ionization sources for external ring and internal core are N2 and He, respectively, and the internal discharge can be enhanced by increasing the pulse repetition frequency, which might be explained by the electron oscillating heating in high frequency. Finally, the evolution mechanism of the internal filamentary core is studied, and the internal discharge is initially a hollow ring as well when it just exits the tube end, making the bullet a hollow-in-hollow structure, but quickly contracts into a solid core due to the Coulomb repulsion between the two plasma rings.

Evaluating the impact of cultivar selection on carrot weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) damage and foliar insect pest assemblages in carrot.

Knowledge of specialty crop cultivars with resistance against insect pests is limited, and this may serve as a barrier to implementing host-plant resistance as part of an integrated pest management strategy. Carrot (Daucus carota L.) (Apiaels: Apiaceae)is a valuable specialty crop with a diversity of insect pests and cultivars that differ in physical and chemical qualities that influence insect pest preferences. To investigate the role of cultivar as a tool to reduce insect pest damage, we evaluated 7 carrot cultivars in replicated laboratory and field trials in IN and OH, USA in 2021. During June and July, we documented oviposition and feeding damage by the carrot weevil (Listronotus oregonenesis LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and used faunistic analysis to measure the abundance and diversity of foliar insect assemblages on each cultivar. We found no significant differences in oviposition and root damage across cultivars in the field, with mean cumulative egg scars ranging from 1.83 ± 1.40 in "Red Core Chantenay" to 5.17 ± 2.62 in "Cosmic Purple". However, there was a positive correlation between the cumulative number of egg scars and number of trichomes on petioles. Similarly, no-choice laboratory bioassays revealed no significant differences in mean cumulative egg scars, ranging from 5.00 ± 1.15 in "Red Core Chantenay" to 10.63 ± 1.02 in "Danvers 126". Predominant insect pests differed across cultivars, but Cicadellidae was common across all cultivars. Interestingly, only 1 beneficial insect family, Pteromalidae, was predominant across cultivars. This research highlights the impact of cultivar selection on the diversity and damage potential of insect pests in carrot production.

Semi-automated red blood cell core detection in blood micro-flow.

In microcirculation, red blood cells (RBCs) tend to migrate toward the centre of the vessel leaving a region of a cell depleted layer or cell-free layer (CFL) at the vessel wall and a core of RBCs at the centre. This heterogenous distribution of cells has an effect on the blood apparent viscosity and the exchanges of gases and nutrients between the RBCs and the vessel. Understanding the formation of the CFL and obtaining accurate measurement of it is paramount for furthering development of devices such as drug administration. This paper presents a general semi-automatic method to quantify the thickness of the CFL for different channel geometries and image quality. It enables the use of a method based on intensity, a method using the gradient of the intensity, or a method based on spatiotemporal variation. The main features are reported, the performance is demonstrated on experimentally obtained image sets and accuracy is validated using synthetic images with known CFL thickness. A pure automatic detection is limited by the most visually correct using the spatiotemporal method, however proposed thresholding through automatic detection allows for quality controls through manual adjustments. With a semi-automatic approach RBC core variability between 3% to 8% was found when the test user was tasked with repeating the analysis of the same set. The presented method provides, users without programming ability with a user-friendly interface that can extract CFL automatically with quality control through manual adjustments.

The influence of adaptive technology for growing table carrots in the Volga-Don in-terfluve

The presented article analyzes the results of research in the field of application of a new type of water-soluble fertilizers, in order not only to improve the technology of growing table carrots, but also to offer a new way to improve plant nutrition and prevent soil contamination due to the use of mineral fertilizers, which include 50 percent or more of slags. A comparative analysis of the influence of traditional mineral fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers and natural soil fertility, allowing one to obtain planned yields, while respecting the rational use of energy and material resources, is carried out. Based on the materials of the experiments, it can be recommended for producers of the Lower Volga on drip irrigation of chestnut soils to cultivate a hybrid Red Core against the background of the planned doses of mineral fertilizers N330R160K630 and maintaining a differentiated moisture regime of 70-80-70% of minimum water capacity. In the production of table carrots, the highest yield was shown by the promising hybrid Red Core, which, in the variant without fertilization, formed a yield of 70-70-70% of minimum water capacity81.57 t/ha in the humidification mode, 92.72 t/ha in the 70-80-70% of minimum water capacity mode. The introduction of mineral fertilizers under the planned yield level of 110 t/ha (N330P160K630) allowed to increase the yield on a constant humidification mode to 132.87 t / ha, and on a differentiated humidification mode to 140.53 t / ha. A further increase in the doses of fertilizers applied for all the studied options did not give a reliable increase.

Adaptations that Disinter and Disobey Shakespeare

Adaptations that Disinter and Disobey Shakespeare William Shakespeare is a staple in every literary curriculum; his works are constantly being adapted into books, cinema, live theatre and even memes. All of these various lenses and mediums serve to resurrect and modernize Shakespeare. However, the repeated “disinterring” of Shakespear is not simply an attempt at fidelity or reverence, but rather purposeful disobedience. In attempting to re-envision what makes a good adaptation, my video parallels what Shakespearean adaptations are to the original plays. The video is a series of images that provide movement and visualization to accompany the voiceover; it adapts my thoughts to the visual medium, rather than solely lying on auditory delivery. Adaptation is a way of having fun with the familiar and subverting the viewer’s expectations. It is about making something new out of the old, which uniquely represents the creator. Each format has its advantages and disadvantages, and I use mine to show how adaptation is a form of creative and subjective self-expression. Modern technology is one way we can engage with his works; it gives us a broader understanding of the discourse surrounding it. In my video, I imagine the discourse surrounding Shakespeare like a seed that grows into a tree: it has its roots in the far past, but its branches reach today. Shakespeare is still relevant, and it is this constant and ever-growing discourse that brings together different perspectives, cultures and traditions. Ultimately, to re-envision his work is to make the canon and literary tradition vital, dynamic and meaningful. Works Cited Dragon_fang. “Isolated Flute.” CanStockPhoto, https://www.canstockphoto.com/isolated-flute-2521314.html. Accessed November 18, 2021. “Garden meadow ground natural.” Svgsilh, https://svgsilh.com/image/303857.html. Accessed November 18, 2021. “Gravestone Drawing.” ClipArt Best, http://www.clipartbest.com/clipart-pc5XaKrdi. Accessed November 18, 2021. “Laying down skeleton clipart.” Clipart Library. http://clipart-library.com/clipart/2029478.htm. Accessed November 18, 2021. Milkovasa. “Viola on a white background.” Shutterstock, https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/viola-on-white-background-musical-instrument-163205225. Accessed November 18, 2021. Nikand4. “Clarinet isolated over white background.” Dreamstime, https://www.dreamstime.com/photos-images/clarinet-isolated.html. Accessed November 18, 2021. Paradies, Mark. “Red apple core on a white background.” TapRoot. 12 September 2019. https://www.taproot.com/live-your-core-values-exercise-to-increase-your-success/red-apple-core-on-a-white-background/. Accessed November 18, 2021. Tatniz. “Saxophone isolated under the white background stock photo.” iStock. 10 June 2019, https://www.istockphoto.com/search/2/image?phrase=saxophone+trumpet+blowing+ska. Accessed November 18, 2021. “Tree Clip Art -Clip Art Black and White Tree.” NicePNG, https://www.nicepng.com/ourpic/u2e6e6y3a9i1u2w7_tree-clip-art-clip-art-black-and-white/. Accessed November 18, 2021. Walterbioltta. “Trumpet on a white background shooting sideways.” iStock, https://www.istockphoto.com/photos/trumpet-white-background-no-people. Accessed November 18, 2021.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Actinidia chinensis Planch. ‘Hongyang’, a typical red core pulp in China

Actinidia chinensis Planch. ‘Hongyang’ Wu and Li 1993, also known as red-fleshed kiwifruit, has a high vitamin C content and with high economic and nutritional value. Here, we assembled the complete chloroplast genome of A. chinensis Planch. ‘Hongyang’, which was 156,267 bp in length, contained a large single-copy region (LSC) of 87,866 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 20,335 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 24,033 bp. In addition, the chloroplast genome contained 132 genes, including 85 protein-coding, 39 tRNA, and eight rRNA genes. Overall GC content in the genome was 37.2%, with the corresponding values in the LSC, SSC, and IR regions of 35.5%, 31.1%, and 42.9%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that A. chinensis Planch. ‘Hongyang’ was clustered with that of A. callosa var. strigillosa, A. deliciosa, A. melanandra, A. chinensis and A. setosa in the same branch.

Improved technology elements of table carrot cultivation in the Volgograd region

During the period of field research to find ways to improve the elements of table carrot cultivation technology, we proposed a comprehensive resource-saving technology for the cultivation of carrot root crops on drip irrigation in the Lower Volga region. A hypothesis was put forward to increase the productivity and quality of table carrots through the use of new generation biological products and fertigation of crops using drip irrigation. The research program included a comparative assessment of the zoned table carrot variety Shantane (control) and promising Red Core and Santa Cruz hybrids, which belong to the same early maturity group. For this, mineral fertilizers were calculated in doses for the planned yields of 90, 110, and 130 t/ha, using drip irrigation. Biological preparations Agriful (concentration 3 and 4 l/ha) and Fertigrain Foliar (concentration 1.3 l/ha) were used, in addition, to their complex use together with mineral fertilizers.

Enhancement of red upconversion emission intensity of Ho3+ ions in NaLuF4:Yb3+/Ho3+/Ce3+@NaLuF4 core–shell nanoparticles

The red upconversion emission of Ho3+ ions, in the optical window of biological tissue, exhibits excellent prospects in biological applications. This study aims to enhance the red upconversion emission intensity of Ho3+ ions in NaLuF4:20%Yb3+/2%Ho3+/12%Ce3+ nanoparticles through building different core–shell structures with different excitation wavelengths. A significantly enhanced red upconversion emission with a higher red-to-green ratio was successfully obtained in NaLuF4:20%Yb3+/2%Ho3+/12%Ce3+@NaLuF4 core–shell nanoparticles by introducing the Yb3+ and Yb3+/Nd3+ ions into the NaLuF4 shell, with enhancement of the red emission occurring when Yb3+ and Nd3+ ions in the shell transfer more excitation energy to the Ho3+ ions. Investigation of the red emission enhancement mechanism is based on spectral characteristics and lifetimes. We examined the synergistic effect of dual-wavelength co-excitation NaLuF4:20%Yb3+/2%Ho3+/12%Ce3+ @NaLuF4:10%Yb3+/15%Nd3+ core–shell nanoparticles to establish optimal excitation conditions. It is hoped that this method, using red upconversion emission core–shell nanoparticles with multi-mode excitation, can provide new ways to expand the applications of rare-earth luminescent materials in biomedicine and anti-counterfeiting.

Bone marrow aspiration and gross appearance of trephine biopsy in routine practice: a preliminary descriptive data on 176 consecutive cases from a single tertiary care center in South India

The 2008 ICSH guideline was proposed to bring uniformity in bone marrow reporting among pathologists worldwide. The objective was to study the usefulness of on-site procedural information in routine marrow reporting. The nature of marrow aspirate, gross appearance, and core length of iliac crest trephine biopsies from 174 consecutive subjects (109 males, 65 females, mean age 47.5 ± 19.2 years) were reviewed by a pathologist blinded to the final diagnosis. The nature of aspirate had a significant correlation with a positive diagnostic yield among 149/176 (84.6%) cases (P = 0.03). Among cytopenic subjects, megaloblastic anemias (MA) (N = 27) and aplastic anemias (AA) (N = 14) had richly particulate and greasy/fat rich aspirates, respectively (P < 0.001). Eighty-six of 104 (82.7%) normal vs. 61/70 (87.1%) abnormal cores (for age) yielded a diagnosis (P = 0.43). Seventeen (63%) of the MA had a deep red trephine core (P = 0.18); and 12/14 (84.5%) of the AA had yellowish trephine core (P = 0.008). Though acute leukemias (N = 38) yielded variable aspirate materials (P = 0.34), they were more likely to have a pale, discolored trephine core (30/38 (79%) vs. 8/38 (21%), P < 0.001). A core length of ≥ 15 mm (N = 155) had higher diagnostic yield compared to < 15 mm (N = 19) (P = 0.05). Careful documentation of on-site marrow procedure information is necessary; and this may provide valuable clues for the morphological diagnosis.

High Color-Purity Red, Green, and Blue-Emissive Core-Shell Upconversion Nanoparticles Using Ternary Near-Infrared Quadrature Excitations.

Development of multicolor-emitting upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is of significant importance for applications in optical encoding, anti-counterfeiting, display, and bioimaging. However, realizing the orthogonal three-primary color (TPC) upconversion luminescence in a single nanoparticle remains a huge challenge. Herein, we have rationally designed core-multishell-structured NaYF4 UCNPs through regulating the dopant concentration, composition of luminescent layers, and shell position and thickness, which are capable of emitting red, green, and blue luminescence with high color purity in response to ternary near-infrared quadrature excitations (1560/808/980 nm). Moreover, their high color purity is well retained with varying excitation power densities. This orthogonal TPC emissions property of such UCNPs endows them with great promise in the field of security. As a proof-of-concept, we have demonstrated the feasibility of combining such UCNPs with MnO2 nanosheets for information encryption and decryption. This work not only offers a new way to achieve TPC upconversion luminescence at a single nanoparticle level but also broadens the scope of application for security protection.

Subjective of Brain Stem

The midbrain (mesencephalon) contains the atomic complex of the oculomotor nerve just as the trochlear core; these cranial nerves innervate muscles that move the eye and control the state of the focal point and the breadth of the student. Also, between the midbrain reticular arrangement (referred to here as the tegmentum) and the crus cerebri is a huge pigmented core called the substantia nigra. The substantia nigra comprises of two sections, the standards reticulata and the standards compacta. Cells of the standards compacta contain the dim shade melanin; these cells integrate dopamine and undertaking to either the caudate core or the putamen. By restraining the activity of huge aspiny striatal neurons in the caudate core and the putamen (depicted above in the segment Basal ganglia), the dopaminergic cells of the standards compacta impact the yield of the synapse GABA from prickly striatal neurons. The prickly neurons thus task to the cells of the standards reticulata, which, by extending strands to the thalamus, are important for the yield arrangement of the corpus striatum. At the caudal midbrain, crossed filaments of the predominant cerebellar peduncle (the significant yield arrangement of the cerebellum) encompass and halfway end in a huge midway found construction known as the red core. Most crossed rising filaments of this pack undertaking to thalamic cores, which approach the essential engine cortex. Fewer filaments neural connection on huge cells in caudal locales of the red core; these lead to the crossed strands of the rubrospinal plot (see the part The spinal rope: Descending spinal lots). The rooftop plate of the midbrain is shaped by two combined adjusted swellings, the unrivaled and mediocre colliculi. The unrivaled colliculus gets contribution from the retina and the visual cortex and takes part in an assortment of visual reflexes, especially the following of items in the contralateral visual field. The mediocre colliculus gets both crossed and uncrossed hear-able filaments and undertakings upon the average geniculate body, the hear-able hand-off core of the thalamus

Eye lens Δ14C validates otolith-derived age estimates of Gulf of Mexico reef fishes

We tested whether Δ14C values of eye lens protein (crystallin) formed in early life could be utilized to validate marine bony fish age estimates via the bomb radiocarbon chronometer. The slope of the relationship between red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus; n = 8; 0 to 27 years old), otolith and eye lens core Δ14C values was not significantly different than 1, which was also true for seven additional reef fish species (n = 21; 0 to 24 years old). Results demonstrate eye lens core Δ14C can be utilized to validate age estimates of marine fishes, which will be useful in numerous age validation applications.

Chandra reveals a luminous Compton-thick QSO powering a Lyα blob in a z = 4 starbursting protocluster

Context. Galaxy clusters in the local universe descend from high-redshift overdense regions known as protoclusters. The large gas reservoirs and high rate of galaxy interaction in protoclusters are expected to enhance star-formation activity and trigger luminous supermassive black-hole accretion in the nuclear regions of the host galaxies. Aims. We investigated the active galactic nucleus (AGN) content of a gas-rich and starbursting protocluster at z = 4.002, known as the Distant Red Core (DRC). In particular, we search for luminous and possibly obscured AGN in 13 identified members of the structure, and compare the results with protoclusters at lower redshifts. We also test whether a hidden AGN can power the Lyα blob (LAB) detected with VLT/MUSE in the DRC. Methods. We observed all of the identified members of the structure with 139 ks of Chandra ACIS-S imaging. Being less affected by absorption than optical and IR bands, even in the presence of large column densities of obscuring material, X-ray observations are the best tools to detect ongoing nuclear activity in the DRC galaxies. Results. We detect obscured X-ray emission from the two most gas-rich members of the DRC, named DRC-1 and DRC-2. Both of them are resolved into multiple interacting clumps in high-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter Array and Hubble Space Telescope observations. In particular, DRC-2 is found to host a luminous (L2−10 keV ≈ 3 × 1045 erg s−1 ) Compton-thick (NH ≳ 1024 cm−2) quasar (QSO) candidate, comparable to the most luminous QSOs known at all cosmic times. The AGN fraction among DRC members is consistent with results found for lower redshift protoclusters. However, X-ray stacking analysis reveals that supermassive black hole (SMBH) accretion is likely also taking place in other DRC galaxies that are not detected individually by Chandra. Conclusions. The luminous AGN detected in the most gas-rich galaxies in the DRC and the widespread SMBH accretion in the other members, which is suggested by stacking analysis, point toward the presence of a strong link between large gas reservoirs, galaxy interactions, and luminous and obscured nuclear activity in protocluster members. The powerful and obscured QSO detected in DRC-2 is likely powering the nearby LAB detected with VLT/MUSE, possibly through photoionization; however, we propose that the diffuse Lyα emission may be due to gas shocked by a massive outflow launched by DRC-2 over a ≈10 kpc scale.

Vortex-assisted ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction and spectrofluorometric determination of Rhodamine B in anti-freeze, lipstick, liquid soap, matches and red pencil core

A simple, centrifugeless vortex-assisted ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction method was developed for spectrofluorometric determination of Rhodamine B dye. Analytical extraction parameters including pH, type and amount of ionic liquid, salt concentration, vortex rate and time were examined and optimized. Matrix effects of potentially interfering ions and dyes were investigated and their tolerable concentrations were determined by applying optimum conditions. Detection limit and preconcentration factor were determined 0.01 μg L-1 and 30, respectively. Dynamic range of the method was linear at RhB concentration range between 0.025 and 1000 μg L-1. Relative standard deviations were 3.9% for the ten replicates measurements of 0.125 μg L-1 Rhodamine B. The method was successfully applied to different samples including anti-freezes, liquid soap, matches, red pencil core and lipsticks. RhB concentrations of liquid and solid samples were determined between 2.05 μg mL-1 and 10.05 μg mL-1 and 307 μg g-1 and 2.75 mg g-1, respectively.

Biogenic larvicidal formulation of metabolites from Steinernema saimkayi symbiont Xenorhabdus stockiae KUT6 against dengue vector Aedes aegypti.

To characterize the production and larvicidal activity of Xenorhabdus stockiae KUT6 Petroleum ether extracts from Luria Broth and induced Quorum sensing medium containing N-3- oxododecanoyl Homoserine Lactone inducer against dengue vector Aedes aegypti. The Galleria mellonella larvae were reared for the isolation of Steinernema saimkayi symbiont Xenorhabdus stockiae KUT6 from Cucumber field soil sample in NBTA. Then for the extraction of compounds the KUT6 strains were cultured in Luria Broth and Quorum Sensing optimized media using N-3-oxododecanoyl homoserine lactone inducer. The larvicidal activity of Xenorhabdus stockiae KUT6 of petroleum ether extracts were bioassayed against 4th instar Aedes aegypti dengue vector. The maximum rate of mortality were recorded of the samples A-24h, B-48h, C-72h, A1-24h, B1-48h, C1-72h at different concentrations 50 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml and 150 µg/ml respectively for 24h to 72h of exposure treatment. The morphological characteristics of Xenorhabdus stockiae KUT6 in NBTA were red core colonies with blue background surrounded by zone of inhibition. After 24h exposure maximum rate of 100% mortality of Aedes aegypti 4th instar larvae was attained when treated with sample C1-72h 50 µg/ml of the petroleum ether extracts of quorum sensed medium whereas the sample C 72h petroleum ether extracts of KUT6 cultured in Luria broth recorded 100% mortality at 150 µg on 24h exposure indicates enhancement in the product yield. The study assures the use of Xenorhabdus stockiae KUT6 petroleum ether extracts as biocontrol agent could be beneficial for the control of dengue vectors.

Emergence of an Ultrared, Ultramassive Galaxy Cluster Core at z = 4

Abstract Recent simulations and observations of massive galaxy cluster evolution predict that the majority of stellar mass buildup happens within cluster members by z = 2, before cluster virialization. Protoclusters rich with dusty, star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at z &gt; 3 are the favored candidate progenitors for these massive galaxy clusters at z ∼ 0. We present here the first study analyzing stellar emission along with cold dust and gas continuum emission in a spectroscopically confirmed z = 4.002 protocluster core rich with DSFGs, the Distant Red Core (DRC). We combine new Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer data with existing Gemini, Herschel, and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations to derive individual galaxy-level properties and compare them to coeval field and other protocluster galaxies. All of the protocluster members are massive (&gt;1010 M ⊙), but not significantly more so than their coeval field counterparts. Within uncertainty, all are nearly indistinguishable from galaxies on the star-forming versus stellar mass main-sequence relationship and the star formation efficiency plane. Assuming no future major influx of fresh gas, we estimate that these gaseous DSFGs will deplete their gas reservoirs in ∼300 Myr, becoming the massive quiescent ellipticals dominating cluster cores by z ∼ 3. Using various methodologies, we derive a total z = 4 halo mass of ∼1014 M ⊙ and estimate that the DRC will evolve to become an ultramassive cluster core of mass ≳1015 M ⊙ by z = 0.