Problem Of Reclamation Research Articles

Ecological Reclamation of Lawn Coverings in Disturbed Areas

Today, the problem of reclamation of landfills for solid domestic waste is urgent, which is a complex of works aimed at restoring the economic value and productivity of the restored territories. Ecological reclamation is a set of measures for the ecological and economic restoration of lands, the fertility of which has been disturbed as a result of human activity. The purpose of reclamation is to improve environmental conditions, restore the productivity of disturbed lands. In the city of Krasnoyarsk and its suburbs, the peculiarities of weather conditions are traced, affecting the growth and development of lawn coverings. In the course of the study of the correspondence of the parameters of climatic environmental factors to the criteria for the growth of high-quality lawn coverings for the reclamation of landfills, it was established that the humidity regime is the limiting factor. On the basis of this, we have developed types of trash mixtures for reclamation of disturbed areas. When arranging lawn coverings in the city of Krasnoyarsk and its suburban area, it is necessary to focus on the natural conditions of lawn moistening and adopt care technologies adequate to the prevailing conditions. the biological properties presented in these herbal mixtures of herbs meet the requirements that are imposed on the reclamation of disturbed areas and their care. They have high winter hardiness and drought resistance, resist pathogens, pests and weeds.

Mining Reclamation Activities in the Perspective of Mining Law in Indonesia

The passing of Law No. 3 of 2020 concerning Minerals and Coal (Minerba), has given a new color to mineral and coal mining in Indonesia. With regard to reclamation problems, especially those that occur in areas that do not proceed as regulated, companies only want to take advantage without having to think about their responsibilities for reclamation, especially in the “under” mine. When seen, there is a lot of underneath from the day it grows. It is hoped that the regulations that are passed regarding Minerba can be fully implemented so that mining actors are deterred and responsible for carrying out reclamation. Of course, this is not free from cooperation between parties and there is no practice of bribery so that the law cannot be bought by money. Although basically everyone needs money to meet their needs and their families. When compared with the old and new Minerba Law, the old Law can use a third party to reclaim the guarantee fund. Thus the reclamation can still run. However, the new Minerba Law added with criminal penalties for companies or mining actors who do not want to reclaim, did not bring. For this reason, reclamation activities should be carried out and at the same time monitoring that is consistently enforced in the activity concerned. Supervision is needed as part of law enforcement, which includes the reclamation process and when untruth is found in reclamation activities, and immediate action should be taken to correct it in accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations. Keywords: Reclamation, Law Enforcement, Mining Law DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/106-07 Publication date: February 28 th 2021

Integrated approach to solving the problems of land recovery and disposal of solid waste in the coal mining region

As a result of anthropogenic destruction of natural biogeocenoses, a decrease in biodiversity occurs, leading to instability and degradation of both individual elements and the biosphere as a whole. In coal-mining regions, there are two equivalent environmental problems: land degradation as a result of mining and an increase in production and consumption waste. The unfavorable ecological situation affects the state of the ecosystem of the regions as a whole, which negatively affects the health of the population. In this regard, the development of predictive models of the state of disturbed lands - their reclamation and return to the national economic turnover - are relevant. The purpose of this work is to develop principles of rational nature management during land reclamation in the Kemerovo region, disturbed as a result of opencast mining of mineral deposits. The principles of rational use have been developed, their implementation will contribute to the improvement of the ecological situation. The mechanisms of implementation include: an integrated approach to solving the problems of land reclamation and disposal of solid household waste in a coal-mining region; forecasting and regulation of the introduction of alien objects; introduction of environmentally friendly technologies to minimize emissions of xenobiotics into the biosphere and decontamination of MSW processing products.

Solution of the problem of recultivation of sludge sites at the oil fields by electroosmosis

The problem of reclamation of sludge pits in oil fields is still being solved using the resource-intensive method. An accelerated technology of sludge dewatering by electroosmotic action is proposed. The concept of specific energy consumption for mass transfer is introduced. To eliminate the influence of relaxation of gradient fields, it is proposed to change the parameters of electrical energy. A graphic-analytical method for selecting the power of an energy source is proposed. The article shows that electroosmosis can be the optimal physical process for dewatering drill cuttings. To reduce the time of the process of reclamation of sludge pits, it is advisable to eliminate the relaxation of various force gradient fields by changing the parameters of the electricity supplied to the electrodes. Recommendations are given that the technological cycle of reclamation should be carried out in one summer season, during which, using electroosmosis, reduce the moisture content of the sludge and the concentration of chemical pollutants to an acceptable level, and then sow the barn with plants and thereby return the area to normal use.

PROFESSOR OLEKSIY STEPANOVYCH SHKABARA (1886–1959) – A FOUNDER OF SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL SWAMP CULTURE AND MEADOW PLANTING IN UKRAINIAN POLISSIA

The purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the activities of Professor O. S. Shkabara, his scientific heritage, contribution to the formation and development of an agricultural research and reclamation science, education during 1913 – 1959. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, the use of historical comparative, historical systemic, analytical synthetic, biographical, statistical methods, as well as the methods of personalization and source studies, the archival analysis of documents. The Scientific Novelty. There has been proved the important role of Professor O. S. Shkabara in the formation and development of swamps culture of and meadows planting in the Ukrainian Polissia, both in theory and methodology, and in the organization of their scientific and educational support, which became the basis for the final statement of the concept of “swamp culture” as a science and appearance of the special field of plant technicians in the educational training of specialists. The Conclusions. The sphere of professional preferences of O. S. Shkabara was formed under the influence of lectures and practical classes conducted by a constellation of the prominent domestic scientists: P. R. Slozkin, V. H. Bazhaiev, K. H. Schindler, D. V. Kliuchariev and the others. The study of best foreign experience of Sweden, Denmark, and Germany contributed to the formation of a leading specialist in the field of an agricultural research and reclamation science, education. His contribution to the establishment of Kozarovytsia research and reclamation station and its special status as the leading republican center for the development of the agricultural reclamation problems during 1923 – 1933 and 1945 – 1959 was considered to be the scientist's most significant contribution. He was formed as a talented educator, contributed to the spread of higher professional education during 1923 – 1933 on the basis of the Kyiv Engineering and Reclamation Institute. O. S. Shkabara was formed as a talented educator, who contributed to the spread of a higher professional education during 1923 – 1933, on the basis of Kyiv Engineering and Reclamation Institute.

Geomorphology of old and abandoned underground mines: Review and future challenges

Abandoned underground mines remain insufficiently investigated landforms, which leads to underestimating their importance within world landscapes. Even though they stand as distinct and widespread geomorphic forms, research devoted to them is underpublished in comparison with natural caves. Because many mines with disturbed entrances remain hidden, various methods of their detection are reviewed, which are essential to prevent loss of life and damage due to their eventual collapse. The most prominent manifestations of the presence of abandoned underground mines are dynamic deformations along with slower subsidence. Even small related movements of the rock mass are detectable. Interest in monitoring and modelling the motions of such processes is growing. In response to the increasing number of documented mines worldwide, their reclamation, remediation or rehabilitation are being initiated as part of efforts to restore land devastated by mining activities; complex reclamation problems can be addressed by multidisciplinary expert teams. However, it is important to note that abandoned underground mines and their particular geomorphic forms are considered to be a source of great geodiversity and hence also biodiversity. The various possibilities of future research connected with abandoned underground mines as geomorphic forms are outlined.

Technogenic Surface Formations within the Limits of Mining-Industrial System of the Dalnegorsky District of the Primorsky Krai as the Reclamation Site

The article presents the results of long-term researches of the problem of reclamation of technogenic surface formations (TSF), of tailings surface of Dalpolpolymetal mining enterprise containing toxic heavy metal compounds. The purpose of the research was to create a method of tailings surface reclamation, providing for increasing the reliability of its closing, shortening of reclamation period, reducing the risk of technogenic catastrophes and ensuring the ecological and social safety. Based on the purpose of the study, the following tasks were formulated: 1. Analyze and summarize the literary data on the problem of the research of technogenic surface formations (TSF) within the limits of impact of technogenic system as the reclamation site; 2. Estimate waste as a potential source of ecosphere technogenic pollution; 3. Give proposals on ecological and social safety of tailings containing toxic heavy metal compounds.On the basis of soil-ecological conditions of the studied area the characteristic of technogenic surface formations is given. The proposals for environmental and social safety of tailings containing toxic heavy metal compounds have been developed.

Study of the Slag of Cyclone Smelting to Choose the Direction of Its Further Use

A granulated slag, which goes to a dump, forms in the metallurgical enterprise near Novoshakhtinsk (Primorye Territory, Far East) upon processing of the germanium-containing raw materials of the Pavlovsk brown coal deposit. The reclamation of this technical waste needs an energy efficient ecologically safe method that meets the requirements of ecological norms. According to modern requirements, the problem of reclamation of the slag of cyclone smelting should be solved before the beginning of operation of the enterprise. The project documentation recommends using the slag of cyclone smelting in building or the production of building materials. The chemical and granulometric compositions of the slag and the properties of the material during interaction with water should be determined to find the direction of reclamation of the slag of cyclone smelting. Using reduction-sulfidizing cyclone smelting with flux and sulfidizer additives, we formed a granulated slag, the properties of which are close to those of the commercial slag of cyclone smelting, under laboratory conditions. Samples are prepared for a further investigation. Using modern experimental techniques, we determined the composition and properties of the slag and performed chemical analysis to find macrocomponent contents and X-ray diffraction analysis for an ecological estimation. The physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of the slag are determined according to the existing standards. For example, the maximum particle size in the slag is 10 mm and the content of the particles the size of which is more than 5 mm is 9.7%, which corresponds to GOST 5578–94. The density and humidity of the slag are determined. The solution that forms during interaction with water has a weak alkaline reaction, which does not prevent the use of the material in an industrial process. The slag is shown to be suitable for further reclamation.

An innovative solution to the problem of reclamation of the dusting surface of the tailings of a closed mining enterprise in the Primorsky territory

The article discusses the innovative solution of the issues of reclamation of dusting surfaces of the tailing dump man-made surface formations (MSF) containing toxic waste from the processing of polymetallic ore raw materials of a closed mining enterprise in the Primorsky Territory of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD). It is shown that the large amounts of enrichment waste accumulated in the last century during the intensive development of tin mineral deposits led to the destruction and degradation of forest ecosystems, which create a real threat to the health of the population of the mining village. Dangerous disturbances of ecological equilibrium, pollution of the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere by a wide range of compounds of toxic heavy metals and arsenic are revealed. The enrichment wastes stored in tailings, the conservation and reclamation of which were not carried out contrary to Russian legislation, contributed to the large-scale transformation of the basic component of ecosystems-soil, as well as vegetation. In the vicinity of a closed mining enterprise, the migration of pollutants and erosion processes (water and wind) led to a crisis ecological situation. A negative factor for the soil and vegetation cover is atmospheric precipitation, dissolving a large amount of toxic substances. The relevance of research of the above issue is related to the need to preserve and restore an environmentally friendly environment within the influence of the man-made system. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to recreate the productivity of man-made surface formations (disturbed by the tailing of land) using bioremediation to ensure the environmental and social safety of toxic waste from the processing of polymetallic ores in the Primorye Territory. Based on experimental studies, an assessment was made of waste as a potential source of technogenic pollution of the ecosphere and an innovative technological solution was developed to rehabilitate the dusting surface of the tailings pond is developed. Experimentally proved the possibility of using to recreate the productivity of technologically polluted substrate tailings of the following composition: 1) biochar – 30%; 2) zeolites – 5%; 3) humic acids – 5%; 4) waste of oreenrichment of tin-containing raw materials – 60%. The novelty of the proposed composition is confirmed by the Patent of the Russian Federation (2018).

БУХОРО ХОНЛИГИ ЕР ЭГАЛИГИДА ДИНИЙ УЛАМОЛАРНИНГ ЎРНИ (Абдуллахон ҳукмронлиги даври мисолида)

Based on scientific and historical literature, the article scientifically analyzes the activities of Soviet government bodies on the development of irrigated agriculture, as well as the problems of land reclamation, the history of the construction of spillways that can reduce groundwater levels in the Ferghana Valley during the 30 years of the twentieth century

Problems of Land Reclamation and Heat Protection of Biological Objects against Contamination by the Aviation and Rocket Launch Site

Hydrazine and its derivatives belong to the class of highly toxic compounds that cause the acute and chronic forms of intoxication with a predominant lesion of liver, blood system, as well as other human organs. At the same time, these products are absorbed by the ashen-gray and gray forest soils under the cation-exchange mechanism; however, the hydrazine fuels and their derivatives in moderate doses are not toxic to microorganisms and plants, and they can use the carbon and nitrogen contained in them as the sources of nutrition; herewith, high content of the products of transformation of aerospace fuel in the ashen-gray and gray forest soils is toxic to plants. To improve the biological properties of gray forest loamy soil contaminated with aerospace fuel, the sodium selenate is usually used in moderate doses that improve its enzymatic and nitrification activity, but it will not completely remove all the negative effects of pollution. As a result of exposure to hydrazine, it is necessary to develop an effective protection of biological objects and soil against the toxic effects of its highly toxic compounds.

Monitoring the process of bioremediation and revegetation of a phosphogypsum waste stack by remote sensing

Production of phosphorus-containing fertilizers is related with the problem of reclamation of phosphogypsum dumps formed during the processing of Apatite-nepheline ore. In this regard, some attention should be paid to biological remediation as the most effective ecological method. Biological reclamation is one of the ways to protect the environment in the formation of phosphogypsum dumps. In this article, we propose a method for assessing the effectiveness of remediation using phyto monitoring using satellite data, which are used as the results of remote sensing. The proposed method allows estimating the volume and state of biomass of plants forming vegetation cover on the surface of man-made massif.

Justification of the method for phytoremediation of degraded and contaminated lands by composite vermicompost briquettes

The object of research is the effectiveness of the use of vermicompost products of vermicultivation in the practice of phytoremediation of degraded and technogenic contaminated lands. One of the problematic aspects in solving the scientific problem of reclamation of lands degraded as a result of technogenic activity is the long-term stage of biological restoration of the disturbed landscape. For a more efficient and quick reclamation, it is advisable to create a phytocenosis from tree-shrub vegetation, resistant to negative environmental influences. Well-tested biotechnologies of vermicultivation create the prerequisites for the use of waste products of the colonies of the worms of the genus Eisenia in the form of composite vermicompost briquettes for the needs of land phytoremediation, and it is proved in the study.The analysis of literary sources using modern technologies of vermicultivation and the use of vermicompost products for the needs of agriculture and land phytoremediation is carried out. The growth process of the biomass of worms of the Eisenia fetida species and the accumulation of vermicompost over time depending on the temperature of the medium are studied. The results of laboratory bioindication experiments with composite briquettes, consisting of vermicompost, loam and seeds of wild cereals, are presented. It is determined that the ratio of vermicompost and loam in the composition of composite briquettes, which is the most optimal for plant growth indicators, is 60:40 and 40:60 by mass, which makes it possible to justify the phytomeliorant working mixtures for biological land reclamation technologies.Laboratory studies have shown the promise of using vermicompost as a product of vermicultivation in the form of composite briquettes in the practice of phytoremediation of disturbed lands.

Multifactorial electrokinetic technology and electroosmotic model of irrigation of biogeocenoses

The problem of reclamation of sludge pits at oil industry facilities has not been solved. A mechanism for implementing an accelerated technology of sludge dewatering by electroosmotic impacts has been developed. In order to specify processes, the concept “specific energy consumption for a mass transfer” was introduced. In order to eliminate the influence of relaxation of gradient fields, it was proposed to change electrical energy parameters.

Environmental Safety Assessment In The Reclamation Of Urban Industrial Zones With Regression Equations

Ensuring environmental safety in the city is a priority, since the industrial zones located in it are polluted in one way or another. However, an environmental safety assessment during reclamation is now impossible, since there is no approved list of criteria in the regulatory and technical documentation and the development of a system of criteria taking into account Russian conditions. Thanks to the analysis of foreign experience, namely the parameters of the criteria for a comprehensive environmental assessment of the territory, a theoretical calculation was made using the regression equations. The article considers the problems of reclamation of industrial zones in urban areas by the method of environmental assessment through the preparation of a mathematical model and the solution of the regression equations. The dependence of the sum of the requirements of each environmental assessment criterion and their maximum score is determined, subject to the requirements for buildings and the territory as a whole. Plots of linear and hyperbolic regression are constructed. Conclusions are drawn regarding the applicability of the results to land surveying and the determination of the scientific novelty. Comparison of the parameters of the criteria of the international "green" standard with the previously obtained criteria for the reclamation of industrial zones in the Russian Federation contributes to the improvement of the regulatory and technical base, taking into account the best practices in "green" construction.

РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ И ЗЕМЛЕУСТРОЙСТВА В ВОСТОЧНО-СИБИРСКОМ КРАЕ В 1920-1930-Е ГОДЫ

The article considers land policy and land management in the East Siberian region in the 1920-1930s. The paper discovers the peculiarities and problems of land relations transforming in this region, identifies the stages and measures of land reform, describes the development of lease relations, and tackles the problems of land reclamation during resettlement. The author concludes that land management processes promoted collective farms’ activity, contributed to social tension aggravation in the countryside and state control strengthening over the rural life.

Thermodynamic Analysis of the Oxidation of Radioactive Graphite in a Multicomponent Melt in an Inert Atmosphere

Graphite occupies a specific place among the entire mass of accumulated radioactive wastes. The problem of reclamation of spent graphite has not yet been solved in the world. The behavior of radioactive graphite in the multicomponent CuO–NaCl–KCl–Na2CO3–K2CO3 melt in an argon atmosphere in the temperature range 373–3273 K is studied by thermodynamic simulation with the Terra software package, which is intended for calculating the phase compositions and the thermodynamic and transport properties of arbitrary systems. The calculation was performed using a database on the properties of individual substances. At 1273 K, graphite burns to form carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The condensed compounds of cesium, chlorine, and uranium evaporate at 1573 K. An increase in the system temperature to 1873 K leads to the vapor pressure of condensed nickel. Condensed strontium oxide transforms into a vaporized state at 2273 K. The condensed compounds of plutonium, calcium, and europium transforms into a vaporized state at 2373 K. Condensed beryllium oxide evaporates at 2473 K. A further increase in the temperature to 2673 K leads to the evaporation of condensed americium(III) oxide. Only a vapor–gas phase is present in the isolated system in the temperature range 2673–3273 K.

Stamp-it , amortized constant-time memory reclamation in comparison to five other schemes

The memory reclamation problem is to determine, for any given allocated memory node , when there are no more references to the node, allowing it to be safely returned to the memory management system. In a concurrent context, the memory reclamation problem is highly non-trivial, since there may be more than one thread referencing an allocated node unbeknownst to the other threads.

ThreadScan

The concurrent memory reclamation problem is that of devising a way for a deallocating thread to verify that no other concurrent threads hold references to a memory block being deallocated. To date, in the absence of automatic garbage collection, there is no satisfactory solution to this problem; existing tracking methods like hazard pointers, reference counters, or epoch-based techniques like RCU are either prohibitively expensive or require significant programming expertise to the extent that implementing them efficiently can be worthy of a publication. None of the existing techniques are automatic or even semi-automated. In this article, we take a new approach to concurrent memory reclamation. Instead of manually tracking access to memory locations as done in techniques like hazard pointers, or restricting shared accesses to specific epoch boundaries as in RCU, our algorithm, called ThreadScan, leverages operating system signaling to automatically detect which memory locations are being accessed by concurrent threads. Initial empirical evidence shows that ThreadScan scales surprisingly well and requires negligible programming effort beyond the standard use of Malloc and Free.

Problems of land reclamation during liquidation of coalmining enterprises

The paper presents data on the influence of coal-mining industry elimination on the deformation of land surface which can cause accidents and destructions of buildings and constructions located nearby the closed pits or mines. The analysis is carried out and the major factors which influence change of the intense deformed condition of the massif of rocks were revealed. The example of the monitoring system which will provide researchers with information for preparation of the project of a pit or a mine closing is presented, and it also will allow one to predict behavior of the massif in the future.