Abstract
The object of research is the effectiveness of the use of vermicompost products of vermicultivation in the practice of phytoremediation of degraded and technogenic contaminated lands. One of the problematic aspects in solving the scientific problem of reclamation of lands degraded as a result of technogenic activity is the long-term stage of biological restoration of the disturbed landscape. For a more efficient and quick reclamation, it is advisable to create a phytocenosis from tree-shrub vegetation, resistant to negative environmental influences. Well-tested biotechnologies of vermicultivation create the prerequisites for the use of waste products of the colonies of the worms of the genus Eisenia in the form of composite vermicompost briquettes for the needs of land phytoremediation, and it is proved in the study.The analysis of literary sources using modern technologies of vermicultivation and the use of vermicompost products for the needs of agriculture and land phytoremediation is carried out. The growth process of the biomass of worms of the Eisenia fetida species and the accumulation of vermicompost over time depending on the temperature of the medium are studied. The results of laboratory bioindication experiments with composite briquettes, consisting of vermicompost, loam and seeds of wild cereals, are presented. It is determined that the ratio of vermicompost and loam in the composition of composite briquettes, which is the most optimal for plant growth indicators, is 60:40 and 40:60 by mass, which makes it possible to justify the phytomeliorant working mixtures for biological land reclamation technologies.Laboratory studies have shown the promise of using vermicompost as a product of vermicultivation in the form of composite briquettes in the practice of phytoremediation of disturbed lands.
Highlights
The industrial activity of enterprises, in particular the mining industry, is a powerful factor in the technological impact on the environment, which is associated with the alienation and disturbance of land, the removal of signifi cant volumes of rocks from the bowels, and the disposal of mining and mineral processing waste on the earth’s surface
Vermicompost is a homogeneous mass of dark brown color, is a product of vermicultivation of worms of the genus Eisenia
The following research objectives are solved: 1. To study the growth indicators and productivity of a colony of worms of the species Eisenia fetida depending on the temperature of the environment
Summary
The industrial activity of enterprises, in particular the mining industry, is a powerful factor in the technological impact on the environment, which is associated with the alienation and disturbance of land, the removal of signifi cant volumes of rocks from the bowels, and the disposal of mining and mineral processing waste on the earth’s surface. Dumps of bulk or alluvial rocks are formed on specially designated areas within the mining allotment. Their environmental impact is associated with the pro cesses of surface erosion and suffusion, the filtration of heavy metals into groundwater, the development of foci of combustion and the spread of emissions of solid and gaseous substances in the adjacent territories. The soil-natural substrate of overburden dumps after completion of operation begins to overgrow with natural vegetation, but very slowly. The intensity of this process is determined by toxicity, the increased content of certain chemical elements in the deposits, in particular iron, lead, manganese, nickel, tin, sulfur, etc. In order to accelerate the process of restoring the landscape to its natural state, mountainous territories need to carry out a complex of engineering and technical work on the restoration of disturbed lands, which is divided into two main stages: mining and biological
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