Reciprocal Approach Research Articles

Stringent in-silico identification of putative G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora.

The infective juveniles (IJs) of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Heterorhabditis bacteriophora find and infect their host insects in heterogeneous soil ecosystems by sensing a universal host cue (CO2) or insect/plant-derived odorants, which bind to various sensory receptors, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Nematode chemosensory GPCRs (NemChRs) bind to a diverse set of ligands, including odor molecules. However, there is a lack of information on the NemChRs in EPNs. Here we identified 21 GPCRs in the H. bacteriophora genome sequence in a triphasic manner, combining various transmembrane detectors and GPCR predictors based on different algorithms, and considering inherent properties of GPCRs. The pipeline was validated by reciprocal BLAST, InterProscan, GPCR-CA, and NCBI CDD search. Functional classification of predicted GPCRs using Pfam revealed the presence of four NemChRs. Additionally, GPCRs were classified into various families based on the reciprocal BLAST approach into a frizzled type, a secretin type, and 19 rhodopsin types of GPCRs. Gi/o is the most abundant kind of G-protein, having a coupling specificity to all the fetched GPCRs. As the 21 GPCRs identified are expected to play a crucial role in the host-seeking behavior, these might be targeted to develop novel insect-pest management strategies by tweaking EPN IJ behavior, or to design novel anthelminthic drugs. Our new and stringent GPCR detection pipeline may also be used to identify GPCRs from the genome sequence of other organisms.

Collaborative Coded Distributed Computing Scheme: A Two-Phase Cooperative Game Approach

As a modern communication paradigm, Artificial intelligence based Internet of Things (AIoT) can provide an interactive platform across the globe to enrich the quality of networking services. With the AIoT paradigm, coded distributed computing (CDC) has recently emerged to be a promising solution to address the straggling effects in conventional distributed computing systems. In this article, we propose a novel CDC control scheme in the AIoT platform. Based on the cooperative game theory, the main challenges of our scheme are i) the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> value decision for the CDC process, and ii) edge node resource allocation for offloading tasks. Using the ideas of coalition game and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">weighted Nash social welfare solution (WNSWS)</i> , our proposed scheme is developed as a two-phase game model to achieve a mutually desirable solution. At the first phase, a dynamic coalition formation is proceeded to select the most adaptable edge nodes for the offloading subtasks. At the second phase, the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">WNSWS</i> is adopted to effectively share each edge node’s computing resource. Based on the jointly design of these two cooperative games, we explore the synergy effect to optimize the CDC process. In the edge assisted distributed computing infrastructure, our reciprocal combinative approach can provide a fair-efficient solution through the sequential interactions of edge nodes and AIoT devices. In the performance evaluation, we provide extensive simulation analyses to show our scheme’s superiority by comparing with the existing baseline protocols.

What does caring HRD look like in practice? A case study of two social enterprises in Brazil

ABSTRACT Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic, combined with an array of other severe threats to societal well-being (e.g. inequality, systemic racism, and environmental degradation), have shed light on the importance of ethics of care as a guiding normative for HRD. However, the current understanding of care as HRD practice is limited and primarily studied in the context of leaders’ behaviours towards employees. This study addresses this shortcoming by conducting a case study of social enterprises located in impoverished communities surrounding the UNESCO World Heritage Site Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil, to examine what caring HRD looks like and how it can be operationalised in organisations. We conducted a qualitative study based on interviews and documentation analysis to map the flow of care practices implemented by these social enterprises. Our findings suggest that caring HRD entails a reciprocal and systemic approach highly relevant to organisations operating in collaborative and complex social contexts. We observed that moral values are critical requirements for a caring approach and must be embedded in the organisation’s mission, culture, and processes. Our work expands the range of care interventions proposed in HRD literature by offering strategies that target the whole organisational system, including the surrounding environment and community.

IMPROVING ENGLISH LEARNING OUTCOMES THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF RECIPROCAL TEACHING APPROACH TO CLASS VII STUDENTS OF UPTD SMPN 1 PEMALI

The learning model or approach applied was the Reciprocal Teaching approach. Reciprocal Teaching is an approach to teaching students about learning strategies. Reverse teaching is a constructivist approach based on the principles of making/asking questions. The problem in this research was how to apply the Reciprocal Teaching approach to seventh grade students at UPTD SMPN 1 Pemali. This study aimed to improve English learning outcomes through the application of the Reciprocal Teaching Approach to seventh grade students of UPTD SMPN 1 Pemali. This research is Classroom Action Research conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of 4 stages. The research procedure included planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. The subjects of this study were seventh grade students at UPTD SMPN 1 Pemali, a total of 37 students. The data collection technique used was observation and test. Observation was carried out to observe directly the object of research to take a close look at the activities being carried out. Observation of the learning activities of elementary school students after the observation method had been applied, so that it could be processed into qualitative data and tests as data collection instruments for the purpose of measuring knowledge, intelligence, abilities, or talents possessed by individuals or groups through a written test given to research subjects, then to be processed as quantitative. The results of this study indicated that in cycle 1 the average obtained was 62.70 while in cycle 2 obtained 80.00 of 37 students, where in cycle 1 it was in the low category while in cycle 2 it was in the high category. Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the results of English learning in class VII students at UPTD SMPN 1 Pemali through the applications of the Reciprocal Teaching approach has increased.

Humanizing with Humility: The Challenge of Creating Caring, Compassionate, and Hopeful Educational Spaces in Higher Education

Leading with care and compassion, critically reflecting on our teaching practices, and collaboration has always been central to our pedagogical practices. Participating in the #ONHumanLearn project, an initiative designed to humanize learning in higher education, we began to notice a growing divide between our engaged and disengaged students. As we learned/unlearned/relearned to take our professional practice one step further, we started to notice our own sense of powerlessness intensify alongside feelings of fatigue and frustration for our inability to reach the disengaged. We wondered what we could be doing differently to reach them. As we reflect on the process, we humbly accept that leading with care also means caring for ourselves, and that any initiative working to humanize higher learning ought to firmly embed and embody co-learning as a relational and reciprocal approach. In this paper we pay attention to inequities that became more apparent or were created as we sought to humanize education, the opportunities we have found, and our developing awareness of what is needed to sustain change.

Bottom-Up and Reciprocal Citizen Science: Untapped Resources of Novel Ideas. Preliminary Experiences of a Citizen Science As Public Engagement Program

In scientific research, citizen science is widely regarded as an involvement of the general public in scientific research initiated by universities, scientific organisations or research centres. In this top-down approach (top-down citizen science), participating citizens usually collect data or provide samples for research — that is, they are considered volunteer research assistants following instructions. This study analyses alternatives of top-down citizen science: one, widely known, which is the bottom-up way of citizen science and another, the reciprocal approach suggested by the authors. Bottom-up is based on local initiatives and is constituted by community-led projects. For bottom-up citizen science, scientific organisations may provide methodological and organisational frames. However, the idea and the implementation remain in the competence of the participant citizens. Reciprocal citizen science emerged from a need for a more holistic policy toward citizen science. As part of this, identifying viable citizen-initiated projects, measuring their scientific and/or innovation potential, and integrating them into a citizen science mentor program are questions to be systematically discussed and solved. This study addresses methodological challenges in mentoring citizen science projects, covering a mentor training concept for citizen science designed by the Institute of Transdisciplinary Discoveries. Encouraging citizen research is needed for a new impetus to scientific discoveries. The perspectives of people with no scientific background can also advance problems — mainly those that require fresh and unbiased approaches. Citizen science may also be a solution for leveraging the knowledge of science leavers.

Objective Evaluation of Obstacle Perception Using Spontaneous Body Movements of Blind People Evoked by Movements of Acoustic Virtual Wall

Obstacle perception using sound is the ability to detect silent objects, such as walls and poles. It is very important for blind people to recognize their environment using acoustic information through their auditory sense when walking or conducting various daily activities. In this paper, to develop an objective method for evaluating the degree of obstacle perception acquisition in the education and rehabilitation of the blind, the authors measured the spontaneous body movements evoked by the approach of an acoustic virtual wall. Ten blind persons who have experienced obstacle perception in their daily life, and seven sighted persons with no such experience participated in the experiment. The reciprocal (approach and receding) movements of the virtual wall were presented using simulated reflected sound, and the spontaneous body movements of the subjects were measured. As the results indicate, eight of the ten blind participants showed large maximum values for the correlation function between the wall and their body movements, whereas six of the seven sighted participants showed small maximum values. These results indicate that body movements can be used for an objective evaluation of obstacle perception. In particular, it was determined that the maximum value of the correlation function is the most appropriate for such an evaluation, because it does not depend on the subject’s physique.

Feature disentangling and reciprocal learning with label-guided similarity for multi-label image retrieval

Image retrieval usually faces scale-variance issues as the amount of image data is rapidly increasing, which calls for more accurate retrieval technology. Besides, existing methods usually treat pair-image similarity as a binary value which indicates whether two images share either at least one common label or none of shared labels. However, such similarity definition cannot truly describe the similarity ranking for different numbers of common labels when handling the multi-label image retrieval problem. In this paper, a Feature Disentangling and Reciprocal Learning (FDRL) method is introduced with label-guided similarity to solve the above multi-label image retrieval problem. Multi-scale features are first extracted by BNInception network and then disentangled to the corresponding high- and low-correlation features under the guidance of estimated global correlations. After that, the disentangled features are combined through a reciprocal learning approach to enhance the feature representation ability. Final hash codes are learned based on the global features derived from BNInception network and the combined features generated by reciprocal learning. The whole network is optimized by the proposed label-guided similarity loss function which aims to simultaneously preserve absolute similarity for hard image pairs and relative similarity for soft image pairs. Experimental results on three public benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms current state-of-the-art techniques. The code is online here: ‘https://github.com/Yong-DAI/FDRL’.

A Stakeholder Perspective on Crisis Management: Stakeholder Sensegiving and Firm Sensemaking

Drawing on sensemaking, sensegiving, and stakeholder theory, I extend inquiry on stakeholder perceptions following an integrity-based organizational crisis. Whereas past studies focus on stakeholder perceptions as consequents, I take a dynamic, reciprocal approach that argues stakeholder perceptions are also important antecedents that influence a firm's selection of a crisis response strategy. Taking a mixed-methods approach, I conduct an event study of 577 integrity-based crises experienced by 188 S&P 500 companies and develop a novel policy capturing experiment that isolates focal sociocognitive mechanisms. Collectively, these studies support that media (moderate support) and investor (strong support) reactions to an integrity-based organizational crisis increase the likelihood of a firm selecting an accommodative, as compared to defensive, crisis response strategy. Interestingly, results from both studies support that media reactions to an integrity-based organizational crisis decrease the likelihood of a firm selecting an accommodative response strategy when firms have high endowments of social approval. As such, this paper extends theory on affective sensemaking and sensegiving, emotional-based social evaluations, the reciprocal relationship between firms and stakeholders, and the stakeholder perspective to crisis management. Methodologically, this paper introduces a novel sampling technique for crises events and develops a proximal measure for endowments of social approval.

A comparison of reciprocal teaching and scientific approaches for improving pupils' mathematical understanding

This study is intended to result in instruction that will help pupils improve their mathematics understanding skills. The similarity of strategies in both the scientific and reciprocal teaching approaches makes it difficult to choose which approach is better. This investigation aims to investigate and explain (1) Improving pupils' mathematical understanding through comparison of scientific approaches and Reciprocal Teaching based on PAM; (2) The impact of the interaction between learning approaches with pupils' PAM on enriching pupils' mathematics understanding ability. It is a quasi-experimental research project that uses two experimental classes. The results of this study are (1) Pupils who learn through the scientific approach and pupils who learn through reciprocal teaching strategies based on PAM pupils have different mathematical thinking abilities, with the average value of improvement in the scientific approach class being more significant than the reciprocal teaching approach class; (2) Learning and pupils' PAM have no interaction effect. It means that learning in both experimental classes applies to all pupils overall in improving pupils' mathematical understanding ability. Based on the results of this study, this study implies that teachers can employ learning using a scientific approach as one of the learning options for pupils to increase their mathematical understanding abilities.

Relaxed stability analysis and sampled-data controller design for networked control systems with network-induced delays

This paper is devoted to the stability analysis and sampled-data controller design problem for networked control systems subject to network-induced delays. The objective is to provide relaxed conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Indeed, reducing the conservatism of such conditions allows to maximize the admissible range of the network-induced delays. To do so, an augmented Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is proposed, which involves a novel augmented state vector to include as much as possible the information from the time-varying network-induced delay into the stability conditions, together with the use of extended Wirtinger-based inequalities, an extended reciprocal convexity approach and the Finsler’s lemma. Then, declined from the proposed stability conditions, new relaxed delay-dependent conditions for the design of networked sampled-data controllers are proposed. These allow to obtain simultaneously the controller gains and the maximal allowable bound of the network-induced delays with regards to its lower bound. Three illustrative examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed networked control systems stability and controller design conditions, as well as to highlight the so raised conservatism improvements regarding the previous relevant results from the literature.

Velocity and Singularity Analysis of a 5-DOF (3T2R) Parallel-Serial (Hybrid) Manipulator

This article presents the velocity and singularity analysis for a five-degree-of-freedom (5-DOF) parallel-serial manipulator. The hybrid structure of the manipulator combines a tripod-like parallel part and a serial part, represented as two carriages moving in perpendicular directions. This manipulator provides its end-effector with a 3T2R motion pattern, which includes three independent translations and two independent rotations. First, the study briefly discusses the manipulator design and the results of the position analysis. These results form the basis for the subsequent velocity and singularity analysis, performed by screw theory. The screw coordinates of the unit twists are written for each manipulator joint, and then through the reciprocal screw approach, the actuation and constraint wrenches of the manipulator are obtained by simple inspection. Based on these twists and wrenches, the paper forms the velocity equation and shows an example of the inverse velocity analysis for a given end-effector trajectory. The same example is solved by numerical differentiation to verify the proposed approach. Next, the paper investigates singular configurations by analyzing the wrench system of the manipulator and presents several conditions for serial and parallel singularities. Each condition has both a symbolic representation, given by an equation for screw coordinates of certain wrenches, and a visual representation, which shows the manipulator in a singular configuration.

A Qualitative Study on Teaching Visual Texts by Using Reciprocal Teaching Approach in a Virtual General English Course During the Covid-19 Pandemic

A Qualitative Study on Teaching Visual Texts by Using Reciprocal Teaching Approach in a Virtual General English Course During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Reciprocal Reading for struggling readers: An exemplar of evidence implementation in schools

AbstractThere continue to be challenges of transfer from research evidence to practice in education. This paper reports on the implementation of a well‐evidenced Reciprocal Reading approach in 35 schools across a high poverty region in England, working cooperatively at transition between primary and secondary. The purpose of the research reported here was not to test children to establish whether Reciprocal Reading improves student outcomes, as randomised controlled trial evidence from studies in England has already established the positive impact of this approach in primary and secondary schools. Instead, a process evaluation was undertaken using naturally occurring data and staff survey data, to understand whether it is possible to implement this approach across a region with high fidelity. The theory of change exemplified in previous randomised controlled trial evaluations was used to interrogate the data in respect of teacher behaviours and attitudes, and student behaviours as reported by school staff during implementation. Findings suggest high levels of adherence to programme design and resources by schools was present across the sample during implementation, together with staff competence and positive relational factors during programme delivery. These findings are in line with health‐based research where high fidelity of implementation is used as an indicator of transfer to practice.

Application Of Reciprocal Teaching Approach To Increase Activity And Learning Mathematics Students Of Class Xi IPA 1 At SMAN 5 Sinjai

Application of Reciprocal Teaching Approach to Increase Activity and Mathematics Learning Outcomes of Students From XI IPA 1 Classroom in SMA Negeri 5 Sinjai. Mathematics is one of the subjects that provides a variety of learning experiences to understand its concepts. To learn mathematics, it is required analytical, inductive, and deductive thinking abilities, a good understanding of mathematical concepts and love for the nature itself. The state of the art of learning strategy under the 2013 curriculum is reciprocal teaching. This study aims to determine whether the implementation of the reciprocal teaching approach could increase student's activity in the class of XI IPA 1 in SMA Negeri 5 Sinjai by observing the mathematics learning outcomes and student's perception toward the implementation of the reciprocal teaching approach. The subjects in this study were students from XI IPA 1 Classroom in SMA Negeri 5 Sinjai in the 2018/2019 academic year in the odd semester, with 32 students consisting of 20 female students and 12 male students. This research is classified as classroom action research which is carried out in 2 cycles. Based on the results of the reflection that was held at the end of the first cycle and made various improvements, the student learning activities and student's mathematics learning outcomes significantly increased. The achievement of student's mathematics learning outcomes in cycle II tends to be in the high-pass category in overall and all students satisfy the minimum criteria to pass.

Nearly touching spheres in a viscoelastic fluid

We theoretically investigate the forces and moments acting on two nearly touching spheres immersed in a second-order fluid. We divide the problem into four sub-classes, where each class represents the translational or rotational motion of the spheres either along the line joining the centers or the axis, which is oriented perpendicular to the line joining the centers. Using a regular perturbation solution methodology with the Deborah number as the small parameter, we obtain analytical expressions for the hydrodynamic forces and the moments experienced by the spheres for each sub-class considered. We find that, while the introduction of viscoelasticity does not generate any torques on the spheres, the viscoelastic contribution to force is non-zero and acts along the line joining the sphere centers for each sub-class. For asymmetric sub-classes, the presence of viscoelasticity produces a lift force on the spheres. We validate our method with the reciprocal theorem approach and find our force estimates to be accurate for small sphere separations. The analytical expressions obtained in this study can be utilized in computational schemes to study the behavior of a suspension of particles immersed in a viscoelastic fluid.

Communicating customer value proposition in the French pharmaceutical industry. The case of OTC drugs

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate how pharmacies communicate their customer value proposition (CVP) in a complex and multiple-stakeholder setting. More specifically, from the pharmacists’ perspective, the study analyzes how CVP is articulated in complex settings/offerings and among multiple stakeholders; and elucidates the communication gap among stakeholders of the CVP.Design/methodology/approachTwo studies were conducted to examine how offerings are communicated throughout the value chain. Through six in-depth interviews, Study 1 aimed to analyze how pharmacies articulate CVP for over-the-counter (OTC) drugs in a complex business-to-business-to-consumer setting. For Study 2, the data were collected from 113 French pharmacists to investigate the communication issues and to unveil the tools used to promote OTC drugs among the different stakeholders.FindingsFrom the pharmacists’ perspective, the longer the chain, the more complex the efficiency of the CVP. This study conceives a new and adapted CVP as iterative and cumulative. This paper also highlights how value is distributed across the customer relationship in a complex and regulated industry. The findings feature a reciprocal perspective of CVP between the pharmaceutical labs and their direct/indirect customers. Final customers aim at creating a reciprocal approach with the different stakeholders. Pharmacists use a unidirectional perspective of CVP with their direct customers (patients/final customers).Originality/valueThe study contributes to a better understanding of the CVP in complex industries characterized by a chain of value distributed among multiple stakeholders (i.e. business-to-consumer and business-to-business). The article also enriches past research that analyzed the way firms communicate their offerings from a CVP perspective.

Effectiveness of the reflection-based reciprocal teaching approach for reading comprehension achievement in upper secondary school in Myanmar

This study investigates the effectiveness of the reflection-based reciprocal teaching (RBRT) approach for Myanmar upper secondary school students’ reading comprehension in English. In the RBRT approach, the main frame is based on the reflective teaching model for reading comprehension (Oo and Habók in Int Electron J Elementary Educ 13(1):127–138, 2020), in which the reciprocal teaching method (involving questioning, clarifying, summarizing, and predicting) was applied. This study used cluster randomized trials. Two groups participated in the research: the experimental group, who were taught with the RBRT approach, and the control group, who were taught with traditional methods. Results showed that the RBRT approach has a strong effect on students’ English reading comprehension achievement. The experimental group increased its achievement on the posttest significantly, and the students’ results showed high effect size. It was also found that teachers’ reflection on the instructional context had a considerable impact on raising students’ reading comprehension achievement. The RBRT approach can be successfully applied in the classroom environment to develop students’ reading comprehension in English in Myanmar.

Reciprocal teaching approach towards mathematics learning outcome of elementary school teacher education students

The purpose of this paper is to describe the effectiveness of the reciprocal teaching approach towards mathematics learning outcomes of elementary school teacher education students, the effectiveness of group presentation learning towards mathematics learning outcomes and to compare the effectiveness of reciprocal teaching approaches and group presentation learning in terms of mathematics learning outcomes of towards mathematics learning outcomes of elementary school teacher education students. This type of research is a quasi-experimental quantitative research. This research was conducted at elementary school teacher education program in Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa. The subjects of this study were students of the 3rd semester, namely classes 3A and 3C. Data Analysis technique of quantitative used one way anova and independent sample t-test. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that mathematics learning using a reciprocal teaching approach was more effective than mathematics learning using group presentations towards mathematics learning outcomes.

Domain-Specific Stimulation of Executive Functioning in Low-Performing Students with a Roma Background: Cognitive Potential of Mathematics

The current study investigated whether a domain-specific intervention of ExeFun-Mat targeting math and executive functions in primary school children with a Roma background would be effective in improving their scholastic performance and executive functioning. ExeFun-Mat is based on the principles of the reciprocal teaching approach, scaffolding and self-questioning. The domain-specific content was divided into modules. Each module consisted of a set of graded tasks. The criteria for the grading and hierarchical organization of the tasks were based on the level of cognitive difficulty and the type of representation. In total, 122 students attending grade four of elementary school took part in the project. The study concerned a pretest-intervention-posttest experimental design with three conditions: the experimental condition, an active, and a passive control group. To assess the children’s level of EF, the Delis–Kaplan executive function system test battery was used; to assess children’s mathematical achievement, the cognitive abilities test (the numeracy battery), and ZAREKI—a neuropsychological test battery for numerical processing and calculation—were used. The results suggested that both math performance and executive functions improved over time, with no significant differences between the three conditions. An additional correlational analysis indicated that pretest performance was not related to posttest performance for the children in the experimental and active control group.