Recent Advances In Synthesis Research Articles

WITHDRAWN: Covalent organic frameworks: Recent advances in synthesis, characterization and their application in the environmental and agricultural sectors

WITHDRAWN: Covalent organic frameworks: Recent advances in synthesis, characterization and their application in the environmental and agricultural sectors

Recent Advances in 18F-Labeled Amino Acids Synthesis and Application.

Radiolabeled amino acids are an important class of agents for positron emission tomography imaging that target amino acid transporters in many tumor types. Traditional 18F-labeled amino acid synthesis strategies are always based on nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions with multistep radiosynthesis and low radiochemical yields. In recent years, new 18F-labeling methodologies such as metal-catalyzed radiofluorination and heteroatom (B, P, S, Si, etc.)-18F bond formation are being effectively used to synthesize radiopharmaceuticals. This review focuses on recent advances in the synthesis, radiolabeling, and application of a series of 18F-labeled amino acid analogs using new 18F-labeling strategies.

(Invited, Digital Presentation) Physical Properties of Silicon-Germanium Nanostructures: Theory and Simulations

Silicon germanium nanostructures (SiGe NSs) have acquired today a prominent role in several cutting-edge research topics in nanoscience, thanks to the most recent advances in synthesis, processing and characterization [1-4]. The physical properties of such nanosystems are strictly related not solely to the size of the system (as in pure Si and Ge NSs), but also to the relative composition of Si and Ge atoms as well as to the geometry of Si/Ge interface. The investigation of these materials with experimental techniques is, however, complicated by several factors not always well controlled which can hide the right comprehension of the fundamental properties. In this context first principles theoretical modeling is extraordinarily important as it can complement or augment experimental observations.Here, I will present an overview of the ab initio computational modeling of various types of SiGe nanosystems (nanowires [5], nanodots [6] and slabs [7-8]). I will outline how by bringing together two similar elements –Si and Ge, neighbors in the periodic table–, a broad variety of new chemical and physical properties emerge, stimulating both fundamental and application-driven research in nanoscience. Indeed, I will show that substituting some of the atoms of a pure Si NS with Ge in configurations of distinct compositions and dimensionalities, can strongly affect some fundamental properties such as band gap, band offsets, work function and impurity doping levels. Bibliography [1] M. Amato, M. Palummo, R. Rurali, S. Ossicini, Chem. Rev. 114, 1371 (2014)[2] I. Berbezier, A. Ronda, Surf. Sci. Rep., 64, 47 (2009)[3] J.-N Aqua, I. Berbezier, L. Favre, T. Frisch, A. Ronda, Phys. Rep., 522, 52 (2013)[4] D. J. Paul, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 19, R75–R108 (2004)[5] M. Amato, S. Ossicini and R. Rurali, Nano Lett. 11, 2, 594-598 (2011)[6] I. Marri, M. Amato, S. Ossicini, S. Grillo, O. Pulci, Interplay of quantum confinement and strain effects in type I to type II transition in Ge/Si core-shell nanocrystals (submitted, 2022)[7] I. Marri, M. Amato, M. Bertocchi, A. Ferretti, D. Varsano, S. Ossicini, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 22, 25593-25605 (2020)[8] S. Pouch, M. Amato, M. Bertocchi, S. Ossicini, N. Chevalier, T. Mélin, J.M. Hartmann, O. Renault, V. Delaye, D. Mariolle, L. Borowik, J. Phys. Chem. C 119, 26776-26782 (2015)

Recent advances in synthesis of ketenimines

Ketenimines are a kind of reactive species that can be used as synthetic intermediates. In the last two decades, there has been a surge of interest in this class of building blocks and their applications, which has led to extensive research on ketenimine derivatives such as fluorine ketenimine, metal complexes of ketenimines, and the various methods of their preparation. Ketenimines have been prepared by a variety of methods, including photolysis, elimination, or rearrangement reactions. As well as, ketenimines can be prepared using a variety of useful reagents, including isocyanates, copper acetylide, amides, organometallic compounds, and metal complexes. An overview of these achievements is presented here.

Recent Advances in Synthesis and Anticancer Potential of Triazole-Containing Scaffolds.

Cancer is the most lethal disease that may be found anywhere globally. Approximately 10% of individuals die due to cancer of various types, with 19.3 million new cancer cases and 10 million deaths reported in 2020. More than 100 medications are commercially available for the treatment of cancer, but only a few candidates have high specificity, resulting in several side effects. The scientific community has spent the past decades focusing on drug discovery. Natural resources are used to isolate pharmaceutically active candidates, which are then synthesized in laboratories. More than 60% of all prescribed drugs are made from natural ingredients. Unique five-membered heteroaromatic center motifs with sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen atoms are found in heterocyclic compounds, such as indazole, thiazole, triazole, triazole, and oxazole, and are used as a core scaffold in many medicinally important therapies. Triazole possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antibiotic, antiviral, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, antidiabetic, and antiprotozoal activities. Novel triazole motifs with a variety of biological characteristics have been successfully synthesized using versatile synthetic methods. We intend here to facilitate the rational design and development of innovative triazole-based anti-cancer medicines with increased selectivity for various cancer cell lines by providing insight into various ligand-receptor interactions.

Recent advances in pomegranate peel extract mediated nanoparticles for clinical and biomedical applications

ABSTRACT Manufacturing new materials at the nanoscale level is a field that is rapidly expanding with widespread application in advanced science and MMT is effectively used for the technology. Nanoparticles (NP), the building blocks of nanotechnology, exhibit improved properties than the larger counterparts and can be prepared from a variety of metals, including silver, copper, gold, zinc, and others. Phytonanotechnology is gaining major attention as various clinical researches have focused on the excellent properties (physicochemical and biological) of nanoscale phytochemicals and its applications in biological systems. In recent developments, pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has gained major attention due to the phenolic compounds like apigenin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, cyanidin, ellagic acid, gallic acid, granatin A, granatin B, pelargonidin, punicalagin, punicalin and quercetin found in its peel. Pomegranate Peel Extract (PPE) that aid the synthesis of PPE mediated nanoparticles (PPE-MNPs) like PPE-MAuNPs, PPE-MAgNPs, PPE-MZnONPs, PPE-MCuNPs, PPE-MPtNPs and PPE-MFeNPs has yielded plethora of beneficial properties in both plants and humans. In the current review, we discuss in detail the recent advances in synthesis and characterization of various nanoparticles from PPE. Moreover, the multitude biological properties of PPE-MNPs make up the long list of clinical uses. In addition, we discuss the pharmacokinetics, current advantages, and limitations of PPE-MNPs which can further help in development of more efficient therapeutics. Despite some of the challenges, PPE-MNPs hold a lot of potential for drug delivery and are always a better choice. The convergence of science and engineering has created new hopes, in which phytomedicines will have more efficacy, bioavailability, and less toxicity.

Atropisomerism in Drug Discovery: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective Inspired by Atropisomeric Class I PI3K Inhibitors.

Atropisomerism is a type of axial chirality resulting from hindered rotation about a σ bond that gives rise to nonsuperimposable stereoisomers (termed "atropisomers"). The inversion of chirality of an atropisomeric axis is a time- and temperature-dependent dynamic process occurring by simple bond rotation. For this reason, the rotational energy barrier (ΔErot) and the interconversion rate between an atropisomeric pair of biologically active molecules are important parameters to consider in drug discovery.Many compounds with atropisomeric axes advance into development every year. The vast majority of them have low rotational energy barriers (ΔErot lower than 20 kcal/mol), meaning they are rapidly equilibrating conformers and considered achiral (class 1 atropisomers). Compounds in class 2 (ΔErot = 20 to 30 kcal/mol) can be challenging to develop given that the stereochemical integrity of the atropisomeric axes can be compromised over time. It has been recommended that small molecule drug candidates containing one or more atropisomeric axes with rotational energy barriers greater than 30 kcal/mol (class 3 atropisomers) should be developed as single atropisomers.In medicinal chemistry, a σ bond with restricted rotation is engineered into a bioactive molecule primarily to limit its number of accessible conformations, thereby minimizing entropic and/or enthalpic energy penalties associated with biological target binding. In addition to enhanced pharmacology, potential positive outcomes of introducing atropisomerism include improved physicochemical properties and superior pharmacokinetics/ADME profiles. The application of atropisomerism in medicinal chemistry has become increasingly enabled due to recent advances in synthesis, purification, and analysis, as described in this special issue and recent review articles.Herein, we discuss two case studies from our own work in which restricting rotation about axes of atropisomerism led to significant improvements in pharmacological, physicochemical, and ADME properties for different series of PI3K inhibitors. In the first instance, a restricted axis of rotation was designed to mitigate an acid-mediated hydrolytic degradation pathway observed in a series of PI3Kδ inhibitors. The conformational constraint disrupts conjugation between a quinazolinone and a pyridine, leading to improved chemical stability under acidic conditions. In the second case study, introduction of a restricted axis of rotation between two heteroaromatic systems in a series of PI3Kβ inhibitors generated pairs of atropisomeric compounds with significantly different biological activities. Advanced profiling also demonstrated clear substrate stereospecificity in regard to metabolism by aldehyde oxidase. Gratifyingly, the eutomer (more active atropisomer) shows significantly less susceptibility for oxidative metabolism relative to the distomer (less active atropisomer). The improvements in potency, selectivity, chemical stability, and metabolic stability discussed in this manuscript are all directly related to the concept of atropisomerism.

Cover Picture: Recent Advances in Synthesis of Multiply Arylated/Alkylated Pyridines (Chem. Rec. 9/2022)

The Front Cover shows categorization of synthetic methods for multiply arylated/alkylated pyridines according to the reaction patterns. Versatile pyridine frameworks possessing less polar and inactive aryl/alkyl groups are constructed by condensation of building blocks, cycloaddition, and ring transformation altering the substrates. Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction is also used for introducing aryl groups to the pyridine ring. The graphic image represents chemistry reactions drawn with chalk on a board by a professor for a lecture to students. See the Review by N. Nishiwaki and co-workers (DOI:10.1002/tcr.202200099).

Recent Advances in Synthesis and Properties of Pyrazoles

Pyrazole-containing compounds represent one of the most influential families of N-heterocycles due to their proven applicability and versatility as synthetic intermediates in preparing relevant chemicals in biological, physical-chemical, material science, and industrial fields. Therefore, synthesizing structurally diverse pyrazole derivatives is highly desirable, and various researchers continue to focus on preparing this functional scaffold and finding new and improved applications; this review highlights some of the most recent and strategic examples regarding the synthesis and properties of different pyrazole derivatives, mainly reported from 2017–present. The discussion involves strategically functionalized rings (i.e., amines, carbaldehydes, halides, etc.) and their use in forming various fused systems, predominantly bicyclic cores with 5:6 fusion taking advantage of our experience in this field and the more recent investigations of our research group.

Carbon nanodots: recent advances in synthesis and applications

Carbon nanodots: recent advances in synthesis and applications

Biomedical Applications of Dendrimer Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been identified as promising tools with potential use in a wide range of areas, spreading from diagnostics to the treatment of diseases. The high magnetization value and ability to pass cellular barriers promote them to be used as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents, gene delivery agents, hyperthermia therapy, and for tissue repair. Use of functionalized MNPs with macromolecules minimizes their risks in biological systems and offers organ specific diagnosis and therapy. MNPs functionalized with dendrimers can have better potential in terms of enhanced stability and dispersibility in aqueous solution. The particular review summarizes the recent advances in synthesis of dendrimer functionalized MNPs and their applications in biomedical field such as targeted drug delivery, MRI, magnetic hyperthermia treatment and as antimicrobial agent.

Review on Recent Advances in Synthesis of Black TiO2

Review on Recent Advances in Synthesis of Black TiO2

Quantum efficiency of europium doped LaPO4 phosphors for UV sensing applications

The radiation conversion phenomenon is used for UV sensing applications with rare earth doped phosphors. This paper presents the results of structural and optical measurements of undoped and europium doped LaPO4 phosphors. LaPO4 phosphors with 1% mol, 2% mol, and 5% mol of europium were fabricated by the co-precipitation method. The effect of Eu3+ concentrations on the luminescence characteristics under UV LED excitation was investigated. The maximum quantum efficiency of luminescence (c.a. 82%) was obtained in sampled doped with 5% of europium. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM. Runowski, "Nanotechnologia – nanomateriały, nanocząstki i wielofunkcyjne nanostruktury typu rdzeń/powłoka", Chemik 68, 9, 766-775 (2014). DirectLink J. Zhou, J.L. Leano Jr., Z. Liu, D. Jin, K.-L. Wong, R.S. Liu, et al., "Impact of Lanthanide Nanomaterials on Photonic Devices and Smart Applications", Small 14, 1801882 (2018). CrossRef Z. Li, Y. Zhang, G. Han, "Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles for Imaging-Guided Drug Delivery and Therapy", Springer Series in Biomater. Sci. Eng. 6, 139-164, (2016). CrossRef M. Lin, Y. Zhao, S. Wang, M. Liu, Z. Duan, Y. Chen, et al., "Recent advances in synthesis and surface modification of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles for biomedical applications", Biotechnol. Adv. 30, 1551-1561 (2012). CrossRef H. Su, Y. Nie, H. Yang, D. Tang, K. Chen, T. Zhang, "Improving the thermal stability of phosphor in a white light-emitting diode (LED) by glass-ceramics: Effect of Al2O3 dopant", J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 38, 2005-2009 (2018). CrossRef J. Huang, X. Hu, J. Shen, D. Wu, C. Yin, R. Xiang, et al., "Facile synthesis of a thermally stable Ce3+:Y3Al5O12 phosphor-in-glass for white LEDs", Cryst. Eng. Comm 17, 7079-7085 (2015). CrossRef R. Zhang, H. Lin, Y. Yu, D. Chen, J. Xu, Y. Wang, "A new-generation color converter for high-power white LED: transparent Ce3+:YAG phosphor-in-glass", Laser Photon. Rev. 8, 158-164 (2014). CrossRef B. Zheng, Y. Bai, H. Chen, H. Pan, W. Ji, X. Gong, et al., "Near-Infrared Light-Excited Upconverting Persistent Nanophosphors in Vivo for Imaging-Guided Cell Therapy", ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10, 19514 (2018). CrossRef J. Qiao, G. Zhou, Y. Zhou, Q. Zhang, Z. Xia, "Divalent europium-doped near-infrared-emitting phosphor for light-emitting diodes", Nature Communications 10 (1), 5267 (2019). CrossRef V. Singh, A. Kumar, C. Mehare, H. Jeong, S. Dhoble, "UV/VUV excited photoluminescence of Tb3+ doped LaPO4 green emitting phosphors for PDP applications", Optik 206, 163733 (2020). CrossRef G. Han, Y. Wang, C. Wu, J. Zhang, "Hydrothermal synthesis and vacuum ultraviolet-excited luminescence properties of novel Dy3+-doped LaPO4 white light phosphors", Mat. Res. Bull. 44 (12), 2255-2257 (2009). CrossRef K. S. Gupta, P. S. Ghosh, M. Sahu, K. Bhattacharyya, R. Tewari, V. Natarajan, "Intense red emitting monoclinic LaPO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles: host–dopant energy transfer dynamics and photoluminescence properties", RSC Adv. 5, 58832-58842 (2015). CrossRef

Recent Advances in Synthesis and Medicinal Evaluation of 1,2‐Benzothiazine Analogues

AbstractBenzothiazines are one of the significant nitrogen containing heterocyclic scaffolds which are found to be multipurpose in the fields of drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. They are realized to be effective in curing enzymatic diseases caused by COX‐2, ALR‐2 (Aldose reductase enzyme), ALP (Alkaline phosphatase), 11β‐HSD 1 (11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1) and proteolytic enzyme. These motifs act as a worthy candidate against cancerous cells, microorganisms, reactive oxygen species (ROS), viruses (HIV‐1, HCV‐NS5B) and monoamine oxidases. The objective of this review is to shed lime light on the medicinal and pharmacological aspects of 1,2‐benzothiazine derivatives which have been discovered in recent times for the benefit of broad range of readers in chemistry fraternity

Recent Advances in Synthesis of Multiply Arylated/Alkylated Pyridines.

Multiply aryl/alkyl-substituted pyridines are some of the untapped synthetic targets because of the challenge in regioselectively introducing less polar aryl/alkyl groups at the desired positions in the pyridine framework. Interestingly, the importance of this family of compounds has increased annually, particularly in biological and materials engineering applications. The syntheses of such pyridines have been extensively reported, but there is a lack of comprehensive review articles. Hence, this review discusses recent advances by grouping reaction patterns that generally deliver tri-, tetra-, and penta-aryl/alkyl pyridines.

Recent Advances in Synthesis of CeVO4 Nanoparticles and Their Potential Scaffold for Photocatalytic Applications

Recent Advances in Synthesis of CeVO4 Nanoparticles and Their Potential Scaffold for Photocatalytic Applications

Recent Advances in Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Nanotechnology in Wastewater Treatment- A Review

Abstract: Water issues, including inaccessibility of a high percentage of freshwater, water pollution, water scarcity for drinking, etc., are major global concerns. Our research work aims to clean wastewater and treat it safely by applying nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has a broad range of applications. With the help of metal-based nanoparticles, advanced techniques can be developed for treating wastewater. Water purification generally employs methods that involve adsorption, breaking down waste and harmful materials, and nanoscale filtration techniques. This research review mainly discusses the synthesis of nanoparticles and the application of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment.

Recent Advances in Synthesis, Modification, Characterization, and Applications of Carbon Dots.

Although there is significant progress in the research of carbon dots (CDs), some challenges such as difficulty in large-scale synthesis, complicated purification, low quantum yield, ambiguity in structure-property correlation, electronic structures, and photophysics are still major obstacles that hinder the commercial use of CDs. Recent advances in synthesis, modification, characterization, and applications of CDs are summarized in this review. We illustrate some examples to correlate process parameters, structures, compositions, properties, and performances of CDs-based materials. The advances in the synthesis approach, purification methods, and modification/doping methods for the synthesis of CDs are also presented. Moreover, some examples of the kilogram-scale fabrication of CDs are given. The properties and performance of CDs can be tuned by some synthesis parameters, such as the incubation time and precursor ratio, the laser pulse width, and the average molar mass of the polymeric precursor. Surface passivation also has a significant influence on the particle sizes of CDs. Moreover, some factors affect the properties and performance of CDs, such as the polarity-sensitive fluorescence effect and concentration-dependent multicolor luminescence, together with the size and surface states of CDs. The synchrotron near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) test has been proved to be a useful tool to explore the correlation among structural features, photophysics, and emission performance of CDs. Recent advances of CDs in bioimaging, sensing, therapy, energy, fertilizer, separation, security authentication, food packing, flame retardant, and co-catalyst for environmental remediation applications were reviewed in this article. Furthermore, the roles of CDs, doped CDs, and their composites in these applications were also demonstrated.

Recent Advances in the Asymmetric Synthesis of Αlpha-Amino Acids via Radical Reactions

Chiral α-amino acids rank among the most important building blocks in living organisms and find wide application in synthetic chemistry, biochemistry, catalysis, and development of new drugs. This review highlights recent advances in the synthesis of chiral α-amino acids and their derivatives via radical reactions.

Mesoporous Gold Nanostructures: Synthesis and Beyond.

Mesoporous metal nanostructures have offered multiple advantages that cannot be realized elsewhere. These materials have been attracting more research attention in catalysis and electrocatalysis owing to their functional structures and compositions. Of the various mesoporous metals available, mesoporous gold (mesoAu) nanostructures are of special interest in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and related applications because of their strong electromagnetic field (localized surface plasmon resonance). In the last few decades, various synthesis strategies have been developed to prepare mesoAu nanostructures with controllable morphologies that exhibit fascinating physicochemical properties and increase applications in SERS, catalysis, and electrocatalysis. In this Perspective, we systematically summarize recent advances in synthesis and applications of mesoAu nanostructures. Four synthesis strategies, including dealloying, nanocasting, electrochemical deposition, and intermediate template, are discussed in detail. Moreover, physicochemical properties and promising applications of mesoAu nanostructures are presented. Finally, we describe current challenges and give a general outlook to explore further directions in synthesis and applications of mesoAu nanostructures.