Recall Procedure Research Articles

Technology and eyewitness memory: evaluating the efficacy of a novel digital cued recall tool

ABSTRACT In order to capture and preserve eyewitness memory, psychologists have developed cued recall tools that witnesses can fill out immediately after a critical incident. This study assesses the efficacy of a novel tool, ‘iWitnessed’. iWitnessed is a smartphone application that elicits information from witnesses about the event using a guided recall procedure. Naïve undergraduate participants (N = 72) witnessed a staged theft and were then randomly allocated to one of three immediate recall conditions: no recall (control), free recall, or iWitnessed. One week later all participants returned to the lab and were interviewed about the theft they had witnessed. The results showed that iWitnessed increased the amount of correct information reported in the participants’ immediate accounts (Hedge’s g = 1.26) without compromising overall accuracy. However, iWitnessed did not improve delayed recall relative to the free recall and control groups. This research shows that novel technological advancements can be used to capture and preserve accurate and detailed eyewitness accounts.

A system analysis and design for mobile digital business traceability at a food manufacturing

As one of the multinational biscuit manufacturers in Bekasi, the X company is supported by Business Planning and Control System (BPCS) for the traceability in their supply chain. Although it has covered upstream and downstream supply chains, the company’s traceability is still considered ineffective. It is seen from the results of the company’s evaluation through the mock recall procedure. The research aims to identify the requirement of a mobile traceability system for mock recall procedures, design components of mobile traceability system prototype based on an android system, and validate the mobile traceability system and performances. The business process analysis in this research is using Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) to trace the system. The results show that traceability is still less effective because activities are done manually, which takes much time. Therefore, the system is developed with cosine similarity calculation and verification of the model and validation of the black box. The verification and validation of the system against its needs show that the mobile traceability system can improve the effectiveness of company traceability and can be applied in the internal supply chain.

Israeli Parents’ Lived Experiences of Music Therapy With Their Preterm Infants Post-Hospitalization

In the current study, we aimed to explore the lived experience of Israeli parents who engaged in musical dialogues with their preterm infants during music therapy (MT) after being discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), as a part of the multinational LongSTEP RCT. Seven participants of the main trial were invited to engage in semi-structured in-depth interviews intertwining listening to audio recordings from their music therapy sessions in an adapted interpersonal process recall (IPR) procedure. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). We understood the participants' experiences to reflect two main themes: 1) Music therapy as a potential means of transformation in communication skills, resourcefulness and sense of agency; and 2) emotional and musical preconditions for parental engagement in MT. The findings illustrate how a specific group of Israeli parents experienced MT as offering them a means of expanding their relationship with their preterm infants after discharge. Based on our findings, we recommend that music therapists consider parents' musical and emotional resources during post-discharge MT to meet the individual needs of families.

Cost-effective, green HPLC determination of losartan, valsartan and their nitrosodiethylamine impurity: application to pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are one of the most widely used anti-hypertensive drugs which are used to reduce hypertension. In 2018, the United States Food and Drug Administration together with the European Medicine Agency declared the presence of carcinogenic nitrosamine impurities such as nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) in some of the products, including valsartan (VLS) and losartan (LOS), and drugs' recall procedures were started. Thus, they should be controlled to be below the acceptable cancer risk level to ensure safety of the pharmaceutical products. Therefore, sensitive and reliable analytical methods were required for detection and quantitation of NDEA in bulk and finished drug products. Green analytical chemistry has received great interest to minimize the amount of organic solvents consumed without loss in chromatographic performance. A green and sensitive HPLC method was developed for the determination of NDEA in LOS and VLS using mobile phase of 0.02 M ammonium acetate adjusted to pH 7.2 and ethanol in gradient manner. Limits of detection and limits of quantification for NDEA were estimated to be 0.2 and 0.5 µg ml−1, respectively. The standardized limits of NDEA impurity in drug substances were set as 0.56 ppm, which indicates the feasibility of its determination by the proposed conventional method without need for expensive instrumentations (e.g. MS/MS detectors) that are not found in most pharmaceutical quality control laboratories.

Evaluation of Perceived Possible Outcomes in Patients Treated with Mandibular Distal Extension Partial Removable Dental Prostheses

Objectives: This study evaluated the perceived positive and negative general and oral health outcomes of patients after using mandibular distal extension partial removable dental prostheses (PRDPs) and assessed the effect of recall procedures on the treatment outcomes. Methods: A questionnaire comprising 20 items, pertaining to perceived positive and negative outcomes related to the patients’ perception scores after using mandibular distal extension PRDPs, was designed. The patients were recalled 1 week and 3 months after the insertion of the mandibular distal extension PRDPs. The perception scores were obtained, and the mean values calculated at 1 week and 3 months were compared using the paired t-test. Results: A significant difference in the mean scores was observed for the perceived positive outcomes (p = 0.018) but not for the perceived negative outcomes at 1 week and 3 months. Most patients agreed or strongly agreed with the statements concerning the perceived positive outcomes and disagreed or strongly disagreed with those concerning the perceived negative outcomes after 3 months. Conclusion: Most patients were satisfied with their mandibular distal extension PRDPs in terms of the perceived positive outcomes and disagreed with the statements concerning the perceived negative outcomes. The questionnaire was deemed appropriate for measuring the patients’ perceptions about the possible outcomes of using mandibular distal extension PRDPs

What knowledge do early childhood teachers use during literacy instruction? Using stimulated recall to investigate an unexplored phenomenon

This study utilized a novel phenomenological approach with a stimulated recall procedure to understand the pedagogical reasoning of eight early child teachers during the enactment of literacy instruction in whole-group meeting and language arts activities. This approach to investigating knowledge—in contrast to more traditional conceptualizations of knowledge—focused on knowledge use as a process and prioritized teachers’ perspectives on knowledge used to enact literacy instruction in their own classrooms. Additionally, it allowed for a more nuanced investigation of the role of setting and teacher characteristics that are often examined in association with literacy instruction (e.g., degree attainment, years of experience, curriculum, instructional activity). Six types of knowledge were used by teachers in their pedagogical reasoning. In order of frequency of use these were knowledge of: goals for instruction, children, feelings, school environment, developing skills, and past experiences. Importantly, teachers made more references to knowledge derived from their immediate contexts as compared to decontextualized knowledge. Implications for understanding connections between knowledge and literacy instruction are discussed.

Overdiagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: Prevented by guidelines?

Overdiagnosis refers to detection of disease that would not otherwise become clinically apparent during a patient's lifetime. Overdiagnosis is common and has been reported for several cancer types, although there are few studies describing its prevalence in HCC surveillance programs. Overdiagnosis can have serious negative consequences including overtreatment and associated complications, financial toxicity, and psychological harms related to being labeled with a cancer diagnosis. Overdiagnosis can occur for several different reasons including inaccurate diagnostic criteria, detection of premalignant or very early malignant lesions, detection of indolent tumors, and competing risks of mortality. The risk of overdiagnosis is partly mitigated, albeit not eliminated, by several guideline recommendations, including definitions for the at-risk population in whom surveillance should be performed, surveillance modalities, surveillance interval, recall procedures, and HCC diagnostic criteria. Continued research is needed to further characterize the burden and trends of overdiagnosis as well as identify strategies to reduce overdiagnosis in the future.

Item-Position Binding Capacity Limits and Word Limits in Working Memory: A Reanalysis of Oberauer ().

Oberauer (2019) suggested that the working memory capacity in word lists only limits the binding of words to serial positions, with no limit for the words themselves. I advocate a word item limit as a broad kind of binding of each word to the current trial. I propose that the word capacity limit can be observed in Oberauer’s data when binding of a word to the trial is crucial (Experiment 2, words drawn from a small pool and often repeated across trials), though probably much less so when this kind of binding is unimportant (Experiment 1, words drawn from a large pool and rarely repeated across trials). In Oberauer’s recognition procedure for lists of 2, 4, 6, or 8 words, the number of words in the response set was varied, including both words from the list (1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 of them) and words that were not from the list (0, 1, 2, or 4 of them). There was also a serial recall procedure. In a re-analysis of the data from Experiment 2, an overlooked item capacity limit was found that affected the distribution of erroneous responses. Specifically, when the correct answer was unknown to the participant (which happened more at longer list lengths), proportionally fewer words from the list were selected as responses; selection of non-list words increased. It is an important theoretical refinement of Oberauer’s position to include evidence of a word item capacity limit when the item-to-trial binding is crucial, as in his Experiment 2.

Rapid response to medical device recalls: an organized patient-centered team effort.

Morgenthaler TI, Linginfelter EA, Gay PC, etal. Rapid response to medical device recalls: an organized patient-centered team effort. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(2):663-667.

Pregnancies lost and found: a quality improvement project to increase follow-up for early pregnancy complications

Pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) and medically managed ectopic pregnancy (EP) require longitudinal surveillance to avoid adverse outcomes; however, patients with PUL/EP in the United States (U.S.) are often unable to adhere to recommended treatment plans. This quality improvement (QI) project sought to improve PUL/EP follow-up using a three-pronged intervention: standardised recall procedures, direct patient-provider communication and electronic medical record (EMR) documentation templates and tracking. We compared patients with PUL/EP managed before and after the QI project. Our primary outcome was completion of PUL/EP clinical care. Demographics, initial diagnoses and adverse outcomes were similar between 87 pre-QI and 81 post-QI patients. Significantly more patients completed PUL/EP clinical care post-QI (80.2 vs. 65.5% p = .03). Post-QI, more providers contacted patients at standard intervals (100 vs. 57.1%, p < .0001), and EMR documentation was improved (100 vs. 69.0%, p < .001). Simple changes to PUL/EP management improved completion of clinical care and compliance with standardised recall and documentation. IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? Pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) and medically managed ectopic pregnancy (EP) require longitudinal surveillance to avoid adverse outcomes; however, patients with PUL/EP in the United States (U.S.) are often unable to adhere to recommended treatment plans. What do the results of this study add? By standardising recall procedures, ensuring direct communication between patients and providers using a dedicated cell phone, and integrating case tracking and documentation into the electronic medical record (EMR), this quality improvement (QI) project improved completion of clinical follow-up for patients with PUL/EP (overall, 80.2 vs. 65.5% pre-QI, p=.03) and for the subgroup with medically managed EP not requiring surgery (76.5 vs. 36.4% pre-QI, p= .05). We also improved providers’ compliance with standardised recall procedures and EMR documentation post-QI (p < .0001). There was no difference in the number of attempts to contact patients, or in the number of surveillance blood draws actually performed. Post-QI, survey responses indicated that patients were easily able to contact their provider and understood the importance of follow-up processes. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or research? Early pregnancy care providers can utilise simple strategies to improve follow-up of patients with PUL and medically managed EP, without increasing burdens to their health systems. Patients’ favourable experiences with this management support its implementation.

Risk of post colonoscopy colorectal cancer following screening colonoscopy with low-risk or no adenomas: A population-based study.

In the Danish faecal occult blood test based bowel cancer screening programme, the first round was rolled out over 4years. After roll-out, the planned faecal test recall procedure for individuals with either no or low risk adenomas at colonoscopy is 8 and 2years, respectively. Here, we aimed to investigate the post colonoscopy colorectal cancer incidence in these two groups. All Danish screening individuals from 2014 to 2015 with a positive faecal test and either no or low risk adenomas at colonoscopy were included and followed for 3years post screening for the event of colorectal cancer through national registries. Out of 533,023 submitted faecal tests and 36,673 positive tests, 17,627 had no or low risk adenomas. We identified 60 (0.34%) individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer within 3years, 18 (0.29%) in the low risk adenoma group, and 42 (0.37%) in the no adenomas group (p=0.44). Advancing age (HR=1.079, p<0.001) and higher faecal test value (HR=1.001, p=0.002) increased hazard of colorectal cancer occurrence, whereas male sex (HR=1.3, p=0.308) and having low risk adenomas (HR=0.729, p=0.264) did not. We found no difference in post colonoscopy colorectal cancer occurrence between individuals with either no or low risk adenomas. Instead, advancing age and increased faecal test value was associated with a higher risk of post colonoscopy colorectal cancer.

A review and analysis of product recall for pharmaceutical drug product

The pharmaceutical industry's primary concern is to provide high-quality drug products to the general public, so drug recalls play an important role in maintaining the quality system by removing defective products from the market. Pharmaceutical product recalls are increasing at an alarming rate as a result of increased inspection rates and the introduction of modernization and the digital world into the industry, raising concerns for regulatory agencies and public health to focus on more stringent regulations to control future recalls of defective drug products. This article will provide an overview of recall procedures, their impact on the pharmaceutical industry, and the various steps taken to reduce pharmaceutical recalls.

Nutrient intakes and nutritional status of children of Samin indigenous people in Indonesia

Undernutrition is still a problem in the world. In Indonesia, the problem of undernutrition is high especially underweight, stunting and wasting among children under five years old. Some indigenous people usually have lower economical levels, educational levels and health status compared to the rest of the population and as a result indigenous people are usually prone to malnutrition. Samin is one example of indigenous people in Indonesia. The main objective of this study was to compare nutrient intakes and nutritional status of children under five years inClosed and OpenedSamin indigenous people in Indonesia. Closed Samin people tend to hold on to their culture firmly and are less receptive to some government programs, while Opened Samin tend to be more receptive to government programs. This was a cross-sectional study design. Participants were selected by snowball sampling technique; 120 households with children under five years were selected. Food consumption of the children was collected through direct interviews using 1x24 hours recall procedure. Nutritional status was assessed by weighing the children’s body weights. Children’santhropometric data were analyzed using the WHO AnthroPlus software. T-test and Mann-Whitney were used to analyze the difference between groups. The study showed that nutrient intakes (energy, protein, vitamin A, iron and calcium) of children In Closed Samin were significantly lower than those in Opened Samin (p&lt;0.05). The vitamin C intake of both groups was not significantly different (p&gt;0.05). The mean of energy, vitamin Cand calcium intake in both groups did not meet Indonesian Recommended Dietary Allowances(RDA). Based on the RDA reference, protein and vitamin A adequacy of children in Closed Saminand Opened Samin were sufficient. Iron adequacy was different in Closed Samin classified as inadequate, whereas Opened Samin was normal. The prevalence of underweight in Closed Samin was 49%, while in Opened Saminitwas 21%. The weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) of children in both groups showed significant differences (p=0.006)with mean z-score -1.8±1.4 for Closed Samin and -1.1±1.4 for Opened Samin. In conclusion, the mean of nutrient intakes and nutritional status of children in Opened Samin was higher than Closed Samin. That was due to the household economic levels and maternal nutritional knowledge, which was also higher in Opened Samin. The local government must find the best approach in resolving problems related to child nutrition of Closed Samin indigenous people and be more active to encourage participationin government programs.

International Liver Cancer Association (ILCA) White Paper on Biomarker Development for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

International Liver Cancer Association (ILCA) White Paper on Biomarker Development for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Emulating Cued Recall of Abstract Concepts via Regulated Activation Networks

Abstract concepts play a vital role in decision-making or recall operations because the associations among them are essential for contextual processing. Abstract concepts are complex and difficult to represent (conceptually, formally, or computationally), leading to difficulties in their comprehension and recall. This contribution reports the computational simulation of the cued recall of abstract concepts by exploiting their learned associations. The cued recall operation is realized via a novel geometric back-propagation algorithm that emulates the recall of abstract concepts learned through regulated activation network (RAN) modeling. During recall operation, another algorithm uniquely regulates the activation of concepts (nodes) by injecting excitatory, neutral, and inhibitory signals to other concepts of the same level. A Toy-data problem is considered to illustrate the RAN modeling and recall procedure. The results display how regulation enables contextual awareness among abstract nodes during the recall process. The MNIST dataset is used to show how recall operations retrieve intuitive and non-intuitive blends of abstract nodes. We show that every recall process converges to an optimal image. With more cues, better images are recalled, and every intermediate image obtained during the recall iterations corresponds to the varying cognitive states of the recognition procedure.

A Comparison between the Psychological Benefits of Giving Money vs. Giving Time

Four studies investigated the differential effects of giving time vs. giving money on well-being and related mechanisms. Studies 1 and 2 used a recall paradigm, Study3 was a laboratory experiment, and Study 4 combined daily surveys with a recall procedure. Across the studies, we failed to find any substantial difference in happiness or meaningfulness associated with the two types of prosocial behaviors, which was probably due to insufficient statistical power. Yet, we found that individuals tended to recall experiences of giving time (vs. money) that were associated with higher satisfaction of the needs for relatedness and competence. Moreover, for both types of prosocial behaviors, the fulfillment of the three basic needs in SDT, autonomy, competence, and relatedness, as well as beneficence (i.e., perceived prosocial impact), all acted as important predictors of happiness and meaningfulness. Implications for research on the psychological consequences of prosocial behaviors, and the roles of basic needs and beneficence in promoting well-being are discussed.

Gesturing helps memory encoding in aMCI.

Encoding in episodic memory is a step often impaired in patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI). However, procedural memory processes are still relatively preserved. In line with previous research on the enactment effect, we investigated the potential benefit of encoding words combined with imitative gestures on episodic memory. Based on the Grober and Buschke's free/cued recall procedure, we developed the Symbiosis test in which 13 patients with aMCI and 16 healthy elderly participants learned 32 words belonging to 16 different semantic categories either in a verbal encoding (A) or a bimodal (B; verbal and motor imitation) condition, using a blocked ABBA/BAAB procedure. Overall, memory retrieval was better in healthy participants than in patients with aMCI, and better for cued retrieval in the bimodal encoding (gesture cues) than the verbal encoding (category cues) condition, but there was no interaction effect between group and encoding conditions. These results show that performing concomitant gestures can enhance cued episodic memory retrieval in patients with aMCI and in healthy elderly controls. The Symbiosis test broadens the scope of the enactment effect, from action phrases to isolated words learning in patients with aMCI. Future work should investigate how bimodal encoding provides novel perspectives for memory rehabilitation in patients with aMCI.

Dynamic Content Reactivation Supports Naturalistic Autobiographical Recall in Humans.

Humans can vividly recall and re-experience events from their past, and these are commonly referred to as episodic or autobiographical memories. fMRI experiments reliably associate autobiographical event recall with activity in a network of “default” or “core” brain regions. However, as prior studies have relied on covert (silent) recall procedures, current understanding may be hampered by methodological limitations that obscure dynamic effects supporting moment-to-moment content retrieval. Here, fMRI participants (N = 40) overtly (verbally) recalled memories for ∼2 min periods. The content of spoken descriptions was categorized using a variant of the Autobiographical Interview (AI) procedure (Levine et al., 2002) and temporally re-aligned with BOLD data so activity accompanying the recall of different details could be measured. Replicating prior work, sustained effects associated with autobiographical recall periods (which are insensitive to the moment-to-moment content of retrieval) fell primarily within canonical default network regions. Spoken descriptions were rich in episodic details, frequently focusing on physical entities, their ongoing activities, and their appearances. Critically, neural activity associated with recalling specific details (e.g., those related to people or places) was transient, broadly distributed, and grounded in category-selective cortex (e.g., regions related to social cognition or scene processing). Thus, although a single network may generally support the process of vivid event reconstruction, the structures required to provide detail-related information shift in a predictable manner that respects domain-level representations across the cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Humans can vividly recall memories of autobiographical episodes, a process thought to involve the reconstruction of numerous distinct event details. Yet how the brain represents a complex episode as it unfolds over time remains unclear and appears inconsistent across experimental traditions. One hurdle is the use of covert (silent) in-scanner recall to study autobiographical memory, which prevents experimenter knowledge of what information is being retrieved, and when, throughout the remembering process. In this experiment, participants overtly described autobiographical memories while undergoing fMRI. Activity associated with the recall and description of specific details was transient, broadly distributed, and grounded in category-selective cortex. Thus, it appears that as events unfold mentally, structures are dynamically reactivated to support vivid recollection.

An Improved Sequencing-Based Bioinformatics Pipeline to Track the Distribution and Clonal Architecture of Proviral Integration Sites.

The combined application of linear amplification-mediated PCR (LAM-PCR) protocols with next-generation sequencing (NGS) has had a large impact on our understanding of retroviral pathogenesis. Previously, considerable effort has been expended to optimize NGS methods to explore the genome-wide distribution of proviral integration sites and the clonal architecture of clinically important retroviruses like human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1). Once sequencing data are generated, the application of rigorous bioinformatics analysis is central to the biological interpretation of the data. To better exploit the potential information available through these methods, we developed an optimized bioinformatics pipeline to analyze NGS clonality datasets. We found that short-read aligners, specifically designed to manage NGS datasets, provide increased speed, significantly reducing processing time and decreasing the computational burden. This is achieved while also accounting for sequencing base quality. We demonstrate the utility of an additional trimming step in the workflow, which adjusts for the number of reads supporting each insertion site. In addition, we developed a recall procedure to reduce bias associated with proviral integration within low complexity regions of the genome, providing a more accurate estimation of clone abundance. Finally, we recommend the application of a “clean-and-recover” step to clonality datasets generated from large cohorts and longitudinal studies. In summary, we report an optimized bioinformatics workflow for NGS clonality analysis and describe a new set of steps to guide the computational process. We demonstrate that the application of this protocol to the analysis of HTLV-1 and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) clonality datasets improves the quality of data processing and provides a more accurate definition of the clonal landscape in infected individuals. The optimized workflow and analysis recommendations can be implemented in the majority of bioinformatics pipelines developed to analyze LAM-PCR-based NGS clonality datasets.

A state-wide population-based evaluation of cervical cancers arising during opportunistic screening in the United States

ObjectiveDespite widespread cervical screening, an estimated 13,800 women will be diagnosed with cervical cancer in the United States in 2020. To inform improvements, the screening histories of women diagnosed with cervical cancer in New Mexico were assessed. MethodsData were collected on all cervical screening, diagnostic tests and treatment procedures for all women diagnosed with cervical cancer aged 25-64 yrs. in New Mexico from 2006 to 2016. Women were categorized by their screening attendance in the 5–40 months (screening interval) and 1–4 months (peri-diagnostic interval) prior to cancer diagnosis. ResultsOf the 504 women diagnosed between May 2009–December 2016, 64% were not screened or had only inadequate screening tests in the 5–40 months prior to diagnosis, and 90 of 182 screened women (49%) had only negative screens in this period. Only 32% (N = 162) of cervical cancers were screen-detected. Women with adenocarcinomas were more likely to have had a recent negative screen (41/57 = 72%) than women with squamous cancers (50/112 = 45%). Both older women (aged 45–64 years) and women with more advanced cancers were less likely to have been screened, and if screened, were more likely to have a false-negative outcome. Only 9% of cancers were diagnosed in women who did not attend biopsy or treatment after positive tests requiring clinical management. Screening currently prevents 35% of cancers, whereas full screening coverage could prevent 61% of cervical cancers. ConclusionImproved screening coverage has the largest potential for reducing cervical cancer incidence, though there is also a role for improved recall procedures and screening sensitivity.