Recall Procedure Research Articles

An appraisal profile of nostalgia.

The authors aimed to (a) identify the cognitive appraisals underlying nostalgia and (b) compare nostalgia with other emotions in terms of its appraisal profile. In Study 1, participants (N = 1,125) generated narratives. Next, they reported the level of nostalgia and 31 other emotions that these narratives elicited. Subsequently, participants evaluated the narrative events on several cognitive appraisals. Events that elicited nostalgia were pleasant, involved an irretrievable loss, felt psychologically distant, and were unique-an appraisal profile that differed from all other emotions. In Study 2 (N = 1,261), the authors experimentally varied these appraisals in a vignette paradigm and measured anticipated nostalgia and 10 other emotions. Participants anticipated most nostalgia when events were pleasant, involved irretrievable loss, were distant, and were unique-a profile shared only with longing. In Study 3 (N = 994), the authors used a guided autobiographical recall procedure in which they manipulated appraisals and measured the resultant emotions. Corroborating Studies 1-2, nostalgia was most intense for events that were pleasant, irretrievably lost, temporally distant, and unique. This appraisal profile was not shared by other emotions. The findings delineate the distinguishing cognitive appraisal profile of nostalgia. Nostalgia occupies a special place in the pantheon of emotions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Drug Recall Procedure in ASEAN Countries

Once the product is successfully placed in the market which after a period of time was found to pose risk to human health is required to be recalled from the market to protect the health of the public, where in, the recall of the product consist of well-established written procedures and systems to record, access, investigate and review the potential quality defects to safe guard the public health from the low quality or damaged products. The recall of the product should be effective and prompt for medicinal products and investigational medicinal product from the distribution chain and necessitate the application of quality risk principles for investigation and assessment of the quality defects. The main objective in the process of product recall from the market, regulatory authorities plays an important role in guiding manufacturers by benchmarking the standard procedure for the efficient recall of the quality defect products from the chain, the procedures & classification under which the recall falls and its timeline for the efficient recall of the product is also guided by the authority to protect the health of the public and animals in case of the veterinary products in ASEAN member countries where different recall procedures are opted. The present study highlights the comparison of recall procedure among Malaysia, Philippine, Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam which falls under ASEAN countries.

The paradoxical influence of stress on the intensity of romantic feelings towards the partner

According to Brehm’s emotional intensity theory (EIT), the strength of feelings of romantic affect towards a romantic partner should vary as a cubic function of increasing levels of relationship stress (i.e., deterrence to feelings of romantic affect). The study tested this hypothesis in a true experiment with 80 young adults actually engaged in a romantic relationship, by systematically manipulating stress, through a recall procedure, across four distinct levels of intensity (control vs. low vs. moderate vs. high levels of manipulated stress). As predicted by emotional intensity theory, feelings of romantic affect were strong in the control condition, reduced in the low stress condition (low deterrence), maintained intense in the moderate stress condition (moderate deterrence), and reduced, again, in the high stress condition (high deterrence). Findings and both theoretical and practical implications for professionals and future research are discussed, with special emphasis on how to promote partners’ everyday adjustments to stress and emotional intensity regulation.

Significant therapy events with clients with intellectual disabilities

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore significant events in psychotherapy with clients with intellectual disabilities (IDs).Design/methodology/approachFour therapy dyads, each consisting of one client and one therapist, were recruited. Following the brief structured recall procedure (Elliott and Shapiro, 1988), semi-structured interviews focused on helpful events in psychotherapy, using video of particular sessions as a stimulus to help prompt recall of that session.FindingsUsing interpretative phenomenological analysis, five super-ordinate themes were identified: “The Uniqueness of the Therapeutic Relationship”; “Using adaptations to Express Emotions”; “Client Behaviour/Therapist Behaviour”; “Hope and Paternalism”; and “Meaning-Making”. The results provide additional evidence that significant therapy events occur for clients with IDs. Furthermore, the research enabled insights to be gained about the process of therapy for this client group and for exploration of therapeutic factors that may be involved in facilitating a significant therapy event.Research limitations/implicationsThis study highlights the need for therapists to work in such a way as to facilitate significant events in therapy. Whilst this study was a necessary first step, owing to the non-existence of research in this area, the sample size and qualitative design may limit any wider generalisation of the findings.Originality/valueSignificant events have not previously been explored in psychotherapy with clients with IDs. This research could therefore make an important contribution to our understanding of the process of psychotherapy for this client group.

Establishing the most effective way to deliver the sketch procedure to enhance interviewee free recall

ABSTRACTThe relative effectiveness of three sketching procedures for enhancing the recall of a witnessed event was assessed. Participants (N = 123) viewed a mock crime video and were asked to recall its contents using one of three sketching procedures (i.e. Sketch and Free Recall; Sketch then Free Recall; Sketch and Explain then Free Recall) or two comparison procedures (i.e. Mental Reinstatement of Context; Control). Participants who were administered the Sketch and Explain then Free Recall procedure recalled more correct details than those who were administered the other four procedures (all ds > 0.70); the greater number of correct details was observed primarily for object and action details. There was minimal difference in incorrect details recalled or accuracy rate between all five procedures. The implications of using different sketching procedures for enhancing recall at the onset of investigative interviews are discussed.

The recall of elected officeholders the growing incidence of a venerable, but overlooked, democratic institution

ABSTRACTScattered case studies of recall procedures can be found in the literature on particular countries, and recent literature has drawn attention to the growth and diffusion of this family of practices. But the long genealogy, and the wide international distribution, of the recall process has been overlooked in the broader study of democratization, institutional design, and political representation. This article presents the two original country studies and situates them within the emerging field of comparative research. Four major themes are highlighted: the multiple and often subterranean sources of these experiments; their fluctuating profiles and (mostly) low external visibility; the relative weight of diffusion versus independent invention; and the resulting design pitfalls, as well as the potential benefits when carefully introduced.

Role of the quality assurance person in the production of recovered plasma for fractionation

The collection of plasma for clinical use and fractionation is a logistically and technically complex process as to the need for ensuring product quality, safety, and efficacy. Many blood establishments (BEs) have introduced Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) based quality system to maintain high quality and safety of plasma. However, the implementations of comprehensive quality system need some skillful professionals to work on the quality assurance (QA) issues. QA person has a critical role in quality system development, implementation, maintaining and improvement. They can be described as a supervisor or coordinator through using process approach tools and risk-based thinking for all QA activities. Although the scope of the duties covered by QA person is dictated by the size of establishments, they share some basic responsibilities including documentation management, equipment qualification, process validation, change control, plasma batch release, deviations management, recall procedure, audit management, and process improvement. This article briefly discusses the role and skills of QA person in BEs and shares our experience of some QA activities in supplying recovered plasma for fractionation.

Ustawa Prawo o ustroju sądów powszechnych z 2001 r. – analiza wybranych elementów nowelizacji z 12.7.2017 r.

Artykuł analizuje wybrane zmiany wprowadzone do ustawy - Prawo o ustroju sądów powszechnych (Dz. U. Nr 98, poz. 1070, ze zm.) nowelizacją z 12.7.2017 r. W tekście opisano najważniejsze założenia wspomnianej nowelizacji oraz porównano je z poprzednim stanem prawnym. Analizie zostały poddane trzy kategorie zmian: struktura sądownictwa powszechnego, kwestia nadzoru nad sądami i samymi sędziami, a także wąsko pojęte funkcjonowanie sądów. W każdej z tych kategorii ustawodawca proponuje istotne zmiany, między innymi losowe przydzielanie spraw sędziom, modyfikacje trybu powoływania i odwoływania prezesów oraz wiceprezesówsądów czy rozszerzenie obowiązku składania rocznej informacji o działalności sądu. Autorka opisuje znowelizowane przepisy prawne oraz próbuje przewidzieć ich możliwe skutki dla funkcjonowania polskiego systemu sądownictwa powszechnego.

The Self-Assessed Békesy Procedure: Validation of a Method to Measure Intelligibility of Connected Discourse.

In clinical practice and research, speech intelligibility is generally measured by instructing the participant to recall sentences. Although this is a reliable and highly repeatable measure, it cannot be used to measure intelligibility of connected discourse. Therefore, we developed a new method, the self-assessed Békesy procedure, which is an adaptive procedure that uses intelligibility ratings to converge to a person’s speech reception threshold. In this study, we describe the new procedure and the validation in young, normal-hearing listeners. First, we compared the results on the self-assessed Békesy procedure to a recall procedure for standardized sentences. Next, we evaluated the inter- and intrasubject variability of our procedure. Furthermore, we compared the thresholds for sentences in three masker types between the self-assessed Békesy and a recall procedure to verify if these procedures resulted in similar conclusions. Finally, we compared the thresholds for two types of sentences and commercial recordings of stories. In general, the self-assessed Békesy procedure is shown to be a valid and reliable procedure as similar thresholds (difference < 1 dB) and test–retest reliability (< 1.5 dB) were observed compared with standard speech audiometry tests. In addition, the time efficiency and similar differences between maskers to a recall procedure support the potential of this procedure to be implemented in research. Finally, significant differences between the thresholds of sentences and connected discourse materials were found, indicating the importance of controlling for differences in intelligibility when presenting these materials at the same signal-to-noise ratios or when comparing studies.

Repetition inhibition and facilitation effects for visual-verbal stimuli under conditions of concurrent articulation

This study examines the effects of within-sequence repetitions for visually presented consonants under conditions of quiet and concurrent articulation (CA). In an immediate serial recall (ISR) procedure, participants wrote down the six consonants in the order of original presentation. CA reduced serial recall and abolished the phonological similarity effect. However, the effects of within-trial repetitions were broadly similar under quiet and CA. Specifically, adjacent repetitions facilitated recall of the repeated item, whereas spaced repetitions (separated by three intervening items) impaired recall accuracy for the repeated item (i.e., the Ranschburg effect). These data are the first to demonstrate the Ranschburg effect for visual-verbal stimuli under CA.

Red palm oil bean-stew improved serum vitamin A and haemoglobin concentrations and anthropometric indicators of school children with low vitamin A concentrations in a malaria-endemic setting

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD), anaemia, and parasitic infections are among the major nutritional and health problems confronting Ghanaian school children. This study assessed the impact of red palm oil bean-stew consumption on serum retinol and haemoglobin concentrations of Ghanaian school children in a malaria-endemic setting. The design was a pre-post nutrition intervention study. It involved 142 6-12 year-old children. Participants were selected by simple random sampling. After baseline sample and data collection, the participants consumed red palm oil bean-stew with gari (made from fermented, grated cassava flour), three times a week for a period of six months. Final biological samples and data were collected as at baseline. Dietary data were collected using Food Frequency Questionnaires and the 24-hour recall procedure. Serum retinol was measured with High Performance Liquid Chromatography and haemoglobin by Haemocue Haemoglobinometer. Malaria parasitaemia and hookworms were examined by microscopy from blood films and stool samples using the Giemsastaining and Kato-Katz techniques, respectively. Data were analysed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences version-23. Mean values for outcome variables were compared between baseline and final using paired t-tests. Results indicated that majority of the participants (82.4%) consumed cereals. Many of them also (98.6%) never consumed dairy or dairy products. Mean serum retinol concentration was 12.1 ± 6.6μg/dl during baseline and 16.2 ± 6.4μg/dl at final, the difference significant at p<0.05. The mean haemoglobin concentration at baseline was 119.4 ± 10.6 g/l and 126.0 ± 9.34g/l at final, with a significant difference at p<0.05. The prevalence of VAD defined as serum retinol concentration <20μg/dl was 76.2% at the end of the study being significantly different from that at baseline (93.6%), p<0.05. Prevalence of anaemia was 30.3% and 11.3% at baseline and final, respectively with a significant difference at p<0.05. Malaria parasitaemia was prevalent: 67.6 % at baseline and 62.7% at the end of the study. Only one participant (0.01%) was found with hookworm infestation. For participants with VAD, 48.3% and 36.2% improved to moderate and normal vitamin A status, respectively at the end of the study. The prevalence of anaemia among VAD participants was 36.2 % at baseline and 12.1 % at final. In conclusion, red palm oil beanstew consumption increased the haemoglobin concentration and minimized prevalence of anaemia among the study participants. It also increased serum retinol concentrations and minimized the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (especially severe vitamin A deficiency) among the study participants. Keywords: Red palm oil, Vitamin A, Haemoglobin, School children, Malaria, Parasitaemia

Expansibility and Army Special Operations Forces

This article examines how Army Special Operations might prepare to expand in the event of a major war by resolving impediments to growth, improving recall procedures, and developing plans to expand training capacities.

Attentional biases for threat after fear-related autobiographical recall

ABSTRACTBackground: Previous studies suggested that affective state could enhance stimulus salience and modulate attention allocation for mood-congruent information, but contrasting data have been reported on the effects of mood induction on attentional biases for threat (ABTs) in non-clinical individuals.Objective: We aimed to assess whether laboratory-induced negative mood can increase individuals’ tendency to allocate attention on threatening stimuli, thus determining a difficulty in attentional disengagement from threat. We also aimed at assessing whether level of trait anxiety could modulate the effect of mood induction on attentional biases.Methods: We used an autobiographical episode recall procedure for mood induction (fear, happiness and neutral episode recall), and an exogenous cueing task with threatening and non-threatening images to assess attentional biases in 120 undergraduate students.Results: Participants showed a significant difficulty in disengaging attention from threat after recalling fear-related episodes, independently from their trait anxiety level.Conclusions: These findings clarify that the ABTs are not exclusive to anxiety disorders or high trait anxiety individuals, and could also arise in non-clinical individuals in a fearful context.

Adult age differences in production and monitoring in dual-list free recall.

The present experiment examined adult age differences in the production and monitoring of responses in dual-list free recall. Younger and older adults studied 2 lists of unrelated words and were instructed to recall from List 1, List 2, or List 1 and List 2. An externalized free recall procedure required participants to: (a) report all responses that came to mind while recalling from specific lists, (b) classify responses as correct or incorrect, and (c) provide confidence judgments for their accuracy classifications. Relative to younger adults, older adults showed a monitoring deficit by misclassifying proportionally more responses and discriminating more poorly between correct and incorrect responses in their confidence judgments. This deficit was especially pronounced under conditions of retroactive interference that occurred when participants recalled from List 1 only. A comparison of retrieval dynamics for all responses produced and for those that participants were reasonably confident were correct provided information about age differences in preretrieval context reinstatement and postretrieval monitoring of retrieved context. One noteworthy finding was that total production when recalling from List 1 showed that List 2 responses remained more accessible across the first several retrieval attempts for older than younger adults, which indicated a substantial age difference in the ability to reinstate List 1 context. Overall, the present findings provide a nuanced characterization of age differences in the operation of production and monitoring mechanisms under conditions of proactive and retroactive interference that can inform models of free recall. (PsycINFO Database Record

An online paradigm for exploring the self-reference effect.

People reliably encode information more effectively when it is related in some way to the self—a phenomenon known as the self-reference effect. This effect has been recognized in psychological research for almost 40 years, and its scope as a tool for investigating the self-concept is still expanding. The self-reference effect has been used within a broad range of psychological research, from cultural to neuroscientific, cognitive to clinical. Traditionally, the self-reference effect has been investigated in a laboratory context, which limits its applicability in non-laboratory samples. This paper introduces an online version of the self-referential encoding paradigm that yields reliable effects in an easy-to-administer procedure. Across four studies (total N = 658), this new online tool reliably replicated the traditional self-reference effect: in all studies self-referentially encoded words were recalled significantly more than semantically encoded words (d = 0.63). Moreover, the effect sizes obtained with this online tool are similar to those obtained in laboratory samples, and are robust to experimental variations in encoding time (Studies 1 and 2) and recall procedure (Studies 3 and 4), and persist independent of primacy and recency effects (all studies).

How career construction counseling promotes reflection and reflexivity: Two case studies

This study examined which components of the process and content of counseling for career and self-construction fostered reflection and reflexivity in two clients. The study used the Interpersonal Process Recall procedure and client descriptions of important moments to investigate client reactions to counseling. The goal was to identify which components of the counseling content and process prompted client reflection about the past and present as well as reflexivity about the future. The most important content was the discussion of role models and early recollections. The most important process was revisiting past thoughts and actions, suggesting how past stories related to the present situation, and empathic responding to deep emotions.

Assessing the effectiveness of drawing an autobiographical memory as a mood induction procedure in children

The objective of our study was to examine the effectiveness of a new version of the autobiographical recall procedure (i.e., drawing a happy personal event) in eliciting a positive mood in 6-, 8-, and 10-year-old children and to compare the drawing condition to the more classical telling condition. The mood of children was assessed before and after induction using the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) and across the two emotional dimensions of valence and arousal. The results showed that the drawing condition was as effective as the telling condition for inducing a positive mood. Furthermore, in the drawing condition, children reported feeling calmer than in the telling condition, suggesting that drawing was more likely to help children regulate their emotional state. The drawing procedure could be used in future research aiming to induce positive moods in school-aged children, to help further investigate the relationship between cognition and emotion.

Pathways by which mothers' physiological arousal and regulation while caregiving predict sensitivity to infant distress.

Pathways by which maternal physiological arousal (skin conductance level [SCL]) and regulation (respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA] withdrawal) while parenting are linked with concurrent and subsequent maternal sensitivity were examined. Mothers' (N = 259) SCL and RSA were measured during a resting baseline and while interacting with their 6-month-old infants during tasks designed to elicit infant distress. Then, mothers were interviewed about their emotional and cognitive responses to infant cues (i.e., cry processing) while caregiving using a video recall procedure. Maternal sensitivity was observed during the distressing tasks at 6 months and again when children were 1-year-old. Mothers who were well-regulated (higher RSA suppression from baseline to parenting tasks) engaged in less negative and self-focused cry processing while interacting with their infants, which in turn predicted higher maternal sensitivity at both time points. In addition, SCL arousal and RSA regulation interacted such that maternal arousal was associated with more empathic/infant focused cry processing among mothers who were simultaneously well-regulated, which in turn predicted maternal sensitivity, albeit only at 6 months. These effects were independent of a number of covariates demonstrating the unique role of mothers' physiological regulation while caregiving on sensitivity. Implications for intervention are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

Revisiting historical justifications of the recall procedures of elected representatives

This paper shows, using a history based methodology, the differences between the “people’s initiative procedures” or “progressive model” and the “authoritative body-initiative procedures” or “plebiscitary model” — two structural models for recall procedure. These two heuristic models will be inferred, respectively, by the recall procedures adopted in the U.S., starting from 1903, and the recall procedures adopted in some States of Europe, starting from the Weimar constitution of 1919. The political-constitutional reasons behind the evident structural differences (“bottom-up” and “top-down” procedures) will be explained by providing an historical reconstruction about the genesis of the idea of “the recall” in the first American constitutionalism (the “Antifederalist recall”). Then the political idea behind the “progressive model” will be considered with special attention paid to the Swiss direct democracy influence on the development of the American socialists idea of the recall. The other model will be co...

An exploration of the relationship among valence, fading affect, rehearsal frequency, and memory vividness for past personal events

ABSTRACTThe affect associated with negative (or unpleasant) memories typically tends to fade faster than the affect associated with positive (or pleasant) memories, a phenomenon called the fading affect bias (FAB). We conducted a study to explore the mechanisms related to the FAB. A retrospective recall procedure was used to obtain three self-report measures (memory vividness, rehearsal frequency, affective fading) for both positive events and negative events. Affect for positive events faded less than affect for negative events, and positive events were recalled more vividly than negative events. The perceived vividness of an event (memory vividness) and the extent to which an event has been rehearsed (rehearsal frequency) were explored as possible mediators of the relation between event valence and affect fading. Additional models conceived of affect fading and rehearsal frequency as contributors to a memory’s vividness. Results suggested that memory vividness was a plausible mediator of the relation between an event’s valence and affect fading. Rehearsal frequency was also a plausible mediator of this relation, but only via its effects on memory vividness. Additional modelling results suggested that affect fading and rehearsal frequency were both plausible mediators of the relation between an event’s valence and the event’s rated memory vividness.