Realization Of National Interests Research Articles

The right to information in the context of digitalization

Using a complex system analysis, the authors investigate the right to information in the context of digitalization. The object of the study is social relations concerning the search, acquisition, transfer, production and distribution of digital information in the conditions of digitalization of the economy. The study’s subject includes Ukraine’s legal norms, regulatory provisions of international treaties and legal acts of the European Union, and theoretical scientific works on legal regulation of digital information. The research uses a dialectical, interpretive, historical-legal, formal-legal, comparative-legal, and systemic- structural method. It is indicated that the right to access information includes and ensures the realization of a set of rights that allow searching, receiving, transferring, producing and distributing digital information in information systems through existing rules and requirements of current legislation. The expansion of production, use, processing, storage, retrieval and transmission in digital form has influenced the further development of the right to information. In the case of digitalization, the right to information acquires a private-public expression, which is connected with the satisfaction of individual needs and the realization of national interests. Public interests are protected by the mechanisms of information bans and restrictions depending on the content of the information. It is noted that the digital form of information directly affects the change in the essence of individual legal relations and institutions in information law and other branches of law. Digitalization is not a systemic, sequential or structurally homogeneous phenomenon but provides significant sectoral coverage. The possibilities of free search, acquisition, transmission, production and distribution of information determined not only the emergence of remote communication but also the development of the informational component of the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen for their implementation in a virtual environment, which made it possible to virtualize social processes. Further study of the right to information in the conditions of digitalization is connected with the study of the influence of the Internet on access to information.

On the question of the genesis of the concept of information security as a component of national security

This article is devoted to the genesis of the concept of information security. Historical interpretations of this concept are analyzed, different interpretations of this concept by domestic scientists are given. The relevance of information security, in particular, during a full-scale war with the Russian Federation was emphasized.
 The purpose of the study is the analysis of theoretical developments regarding the evolution of the concept of information security through the clarification of its essence as the main and integral direction of national security.
 It is emphasized that when considering the normative definition of information security, it should be noted that the current legislation of Ukraine does not contain an appropriate detailed interpretation of this concept, but normative acts concerning information security issues naturally consider it in the context of a more general concept of national security.
 Information security is not only an independent component of national security, but also an integral part of political, economic, defense and other components of national security, since all types of relations between subjects of the information society are based on the consumption and exchange of information.
 It has been proven that the information security of Ukraine should be considered as a state in which self- preservation, stable and progressive development of the information sphere is ensured in the presence of real and potential threats, in particular the security of information infrastructure, information space, information resources, information processes and their subjects, and as well as the achievement of relevant national goals and realization of national interests in the information sphere.
 It is proposed to consider information security as a permanent process of activities of competent authorities, aimed at prevention, countering threats in the information sphere, the use of active measures of information influence, as well as a set of conditions of such activity, which are implemented and can be controlled for a long time.

Digitale Kompetenzen der Staatsbehörden

In this article, one of the attempts is made to consider the problem of digital literacy of civil servants as an essential factor in the full exercise of information rights and freedoms of Russian citizens, optimization of administrative procedures and the realization of national interests in the information sphere of modern scientific literature. The interpretation of the term «digital competence»is presented, the current state of public service in Russia is characterized as the basis of its development, the main aspects of digital competence of state bodies are analyzed. A modern civil servant of any level should be ready every hour, every minute for a situation of mobile, competent response to the appeals of citizens, society, which implies professionalism and a high level of digital literacy. Perhaps it seems self-evident that all government agencies, regardless of their age and level of activity, have a sufficient level of digital skills. There should be enough trained personnel to work on the Internet in ministries and departments, other institutions of state power. Thus, an adequate level of digital competence is relevant today.

INSTITUTIONS OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN SYSTEM OF PROVIDING STATE FINANCIAL SECURITY

It was determined that in modern conditions the most destructive threats for the economic and financial systems of Ukraine are such threats as the shadowing of economic activity and, as a result, money laundering. The author's vision of the general construction of the system for ensuring the economic security of the state is proposed, according to which the subjects of economic security carry out balanced actions and measures in relation to the objects of economic security in response to threats to the economic security of the state, the occurrence of which has a negative impact. Such interaction between subjects and objects takes place in accordance with the system-forming factor, which is the realization of national interests in order to maintain such a state of the State's economy, which is characterized by balance, resistance to negative factors, the ability to ensure efficient functioning of the economy and economic growth. It was determined that the main threats to economic security at the current stage are the shadow economy, organized crime, corruption, capital flight abroad, raiding, and criminal bankruptcies. The importance of considering civil society institutions as full-fledged subjects of the system of ensuring the economic security of the state is substantiated. It was determined that the main threats to such a component of the state's economic security as financial, to which civil society institutions are related, are political corruption and the shadowing of the finances of civil society institutions. The role of civil society institutions as subjects of the system of ensuring the economic security of the state is revealed in the following two roles: those that carry out measures to eliminate, counter and reduce the consequences of the main threats; such that can act as tools for the implementation of criminal actions.

ІНФОРМАЦІЙНА ЕКОНОМІКА: МОЖЛИВОСТІ ТА ЗАГРОЗИ В РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ІНТЕРЕСІВ

The article examines opportunities and threats in the realization of national interests in the conditions of the development of the information economy. Expert assessments of global technological risks, were considered, including: adverse consequences of technological progress for individuals, enterprises, ecosystems; digital inequality; digital concentration of power; ineffectiveness of cyber security measures; non-compliance with management technology; destruction of critical information infrastructure. It is noted that the given global risks form systemic needs that determine the main trends of change in modern society. It has been proven that the rapid transformations caused by informatization will change economic systems, new tools for coordinating economic interests will appear, which will lose the role of restraining counterbalances, which provokes imbalances and contradictions at all levels of socio-economic relations. A number of factors are outlined, which in their aggregate manifestation affect the balance of agreed economic interests at any level of the system of socio-economic relations. Among such factors, the following are defined: the uncertainty of the limits of intervention in the spheres of interests of the state, business and society; lack of timely methodical support of informatization processes; different vision of information economy development in each country; a change in the role of a person as a subject of economic activity as a result of the virtualization of the economic environment; the participation of the state in the processes of coordination of economic interests is based on the "right of the strong" and encourages each country to use economic institutions and tools to promote its own interests, provoking conflicts and new challenges on the world stage. It has been proven that new realities require a review of the limits of the protection of national economic interests in the conditions of the formation of new rules of the game and norms of the information economy in order to ensure the security component of the country's development. It is noted that such actions should be carried out within the framework of the formation of the regulatory environment of the information economy, which is a complex process that requires balancing the economic interests of key subjects in the paradigm of "state-population-business" relations and their subordination to national interests.

MODELLING THE IMPACT OF INTELLECTUALIZATION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN UKRAINE

Studying driving forces and determinants of robust economic growth has been a topical issue in economic science for many years. The whole evolution of economic science has confirmed that there is a constant search for relations and interdependencies between individual factors and economic development. Along with the rapid scientific and technological progress in the twenty-first century, the range of factors that have a decisive influence on the country’s economic dynamics is growing. Recognizing the key role of all resources related to human intellectual activity in the countries’ economic development is a well-known postulate. The intense use of intellectual resources, accelerated technologicalization, and digitization are at the heart of the breakthrough development for all advanced countries in the world (Kaleniuk I., Kuklin V., 2012).The strengthening of competition at the current stage of civilizational development causes new factors and mechanisms of market struggle to come to the fore. These include the growing importance of intellectual resources and creative products as key factors in competitiveness. One of the important tasks of the economic activity of countries in the global environment is the accumulation and implementation of intellectual resources, which can determine the pace of the country's development, in general, shape the global parameters of world economic development. In fact, the intellectualization of society becomes one of the most important conditions for intensive development, expansion of spheres of influence, and realization of national interests. The term “intellectualization of the economy” refers to this type of economic development of the world economy, which is characterized by an increase in the role of knowledge and education as key factors in its provision.At the level of productive forces, the intellectualization of the global economic system is manifested in the predominance of ensuring the growth of labour productivity of intellectual factors, the growth of their role in the process of technical and economic combination of personal and material factors of production, as well as in the interaction of man with nature, increasing the level of intellectualization of the human worker (Global economy…, 2008).The strengthening of the intellectual component in all sectors of economic activity is due to the need to solve urgent problems of society, to produce the latest development strategies. This happens both at the expense of own innovative intellectually rich products and by borrowing existing ones from other countries. The question is that under modern conditions, the existing concept of intellectualization of the economy takes on new features and forms. This is reflected in the continuous production of key innovations and the improvement of existing products and processes. Constant attention to increasing the intellectualization of the economy at all its levels enabled the USA, the EU, Japan, and China to occupy the positions of world leaders in scientific, technological, and economic aspects (Lyakh V., Udovik S., 2006). Intellectualization of the economy becomes the main trend of development under the condition of transition to a new type of society, which changes the relations between market participants. Note that these processes are most pronounced in countries close to post-industrial society. In the economies of countries with a rustic system, these processes are quite insignificant, which is due to limited development opportunities.Identifying the most effective factors of the countries’ economic success in modern conditions are the issues of particular interest for economic science. An important task in the context of economic development research is to find out strong relations between individual indicators. Moreover, studying the relations between intellectual activity (resources and outcomes) and GDP growth indicators is of great interest.A priority direction of development in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and new technological framework formation for modern Ukraine is to complete the economy’s industrial structure and to undertake gradual transformation not only into the post-industrial stage but also into the knowledge economy. To ensure the economy’s competitiveness today, awareness of the role of knowledge is essential.

Geopolitički činioci kao determinanate strateških opredeljenja malih država

Recognition of inflential geopolitical factors as conditions, but also as direct and indirect means applicable within that competition is one of the essential factors for adapting to modern circumstances and survival, especially of small states. Namely, it is natural and logical that the size and strength of the state have a key role in determining its potential for the protection of vital values and the realization of national interests. "Small states" are limited to a reactive approach in formulating a strategy, ie their strategy is a response to changes in the environment that have already occurred (or are certain). In this regard, faced with numerous challenges on the one hand and limited power on the other, small states are almost constantly in a security dilemma consisting of two elements: influence and autonomy. In the research we will use methods of analysis, synthesis, hypothetical-deductive method, analysis of document content and comparative method.

СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ СПІВПРАЦІ УКРАЇНИ ТА ЄС У СФЕРІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

The article examines modern trends of development of Ukraine's foreign economic activity as an important component of foreign economic security. The Law of Ukraine "On National Security" defines the fundamental national interests of Ukraine, through which the idea of foreign economic security of the state, because sovereignty and territorial integrity, economic development, close cooperation with European countries and organizations are possible through the development and implementation of effective public mechanisms in the fild of foreign economic security. It is noted that foreign economic activity is the basis for export-import operations, purchase and sale of goods and services, filling the budget, realization of national interests, ensuring economic security and more. It is established that Ukraine is an active participant in international economic activity. As of the beginning of 2022, Ukraine carried out trade operations with more than 170 countries. In 2021, compared to 2020, imports of goods increased by 34% to $72.84 billion, and exports - by 38.4%, to $68.07 billion. At the same time, in 2021 the export of Ukrainian goods and services to the EU reached $26.8 billion. The volume of imports of 27 EU countries to Ukraine amounted to $28.9 billion. The EU is Ukraine's main trading partner at the present stage. The article points out that as a result of hostilities there have been significant changes in Ukraine's foreign economic activity. Analysis of this impact on foreign economic security can be divided into the following groups of problems: the inability to carry out production; difficulties in ensuring the sale of goods; financial problems; difficulties in communications, investment and social projects. It is noted that in support of Ukraine, the European Union is lifting trade restrictions on Ukrainian exports. The abolition of customs duties applies to exports of industrial products, fruits and vegetables from Ukraine, as well as anti- dumping duties on steel imports. Thus, the European Union is trying to support Ukraine's economic system, create conditions for at least minimal development and economic activity.

ОБЩЕСТВЕННО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ПРОЦЕСС И ИНФОРМАЦИОННАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ЗАБАЙКАЛЬЯ КАК ЗАЩИЩЕННОСТЬ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ИНТЕРЕСОВ

The paper analyzes the information security of Transbaikalia and shows the relationship of the socio-political process, information technology and security. Threats to information security are virus attacks, hacker hacks as elements of cybernetic crime. It is obvious that social risks are expanding and negatively affect the protection of vital interests of Russia and its subjects. Among the areas of national security, special attention is paid to information security from the point of view of protecting the information space of the Russian Federation. Each state considers it an urgent and priority task to ensure the information security of its country and citizens. As a consequence, there is a problem of information protection. In the conditions of increased dangerous information impacts in the world, the protection of personal, public and state information is of paramount importance for any state. It is advisable to combine all efforts to overcome information risks that have not only a social, but also a political component. The characteristic of the political process, the concept of which is borrowed from cybernetics, is given, its structure is substantiated: subjects and participants of the process; the object of the process; methods, means, resources that connect the subject and the object. Individuals, political systems, the state, and parties are the subjects of the process characterizing politics that require attention. The subjects of the political process also include the information component. In the modern period, Russia has set a course for the realization of national interests in the information sphere. National interests presuppose a system for ensuring the security of information systems. The main thing in the information sphere is the protection of authorities from information manipulation, which, of course, is connected with the socio-political process. It is advisable to use the Internet, the development of electronic document management, the presence of a system administrator, which will contribute to the creation of a unified information space.

ОСНОВНІ ЗАСАДИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ МЕХАНІЗМІВ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ У СФЕРІ

The article considers the principles of functioning of public mechanisms in the field of foreign economic security of EU member states. In particular, ensuring EU security is determined by a number of conceptual provisions: the indivisibility of security and its development on the basis of integration processes; scale and constant development of security programs; using national aspects to solve regional problems; equality of status and decision- making based on consensus; coordination of efforts in the field of common interests; territorial integrity of states and non-interference in each other's internal affairs; the formation of a market economy and the development of civil society. It has been established that scientists and politicians of EU countries do not single out the concepts of "foreign economic security", but operate with the concepts of "security", "national security" and "economic security", while really mean in their content and problems of foreign economic security. Have been found EU members to have different levels of economic security. Relatively stable economic systems in the EU (Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, Germany, France) are mainly focused on improving the efficiency of the economy and at the same time maintain the existing level of personal economic security of its citizens. The relatively new EU member states (Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and the Baltic states) have already completed first-generation reforms and are in the final stages of security sector reforms. It is concluded that the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine changes the security vectors in Europe. It has become clear that the current system of international security is not able to deter the aggressor and protect against real threats to individual countries. Only an effective combination of military force, diplomatic instruments and a strong economy can guarantee the realization of national interests, national ideas and national goals. This is the path Ukraine must take in its European aspirations, creating conditions for comprehensive protection of its own statehood and cultural and historical identification.

Modern legal content of optimization of directions of administrative and legal regulation of the state cybersecurity policy

The article proposes to consider the author's results of determining the conceptual provisions for optimizing the areas of administrative and legal regulation of state cybersecurity policy. The content of the current state of state policy in the field of cybersecurity is considered. Theoretical and practical aspects of optimization of legal relations in the field of state cybersecurity policy are analyzed. The interpretation of the state cybersecurity policy of Ukraine is determined – the activity of state and legal institutions to manage real and potential cyber threats and dangers to meet the cyber needs of man and citizen, as well as the realization of national interests in this area. The own vision of directions of the state cybersecurity policy according to the maintenance of a number of regulatory legal acts is offered, namely: directions of the state cybersecurity policy according to the Law of Ukraine «About the basic principles of maintenance of cybersecurity of Ukraine»; directions of the state cybersecurity policy in accordance with the Law of Ukraine «On Fundamentals of National Security of Ukraine»; directions of the state cybersecurity policy in accordance with the Doctrine of Information Security of Ukraine. It is concluded that the priority areas for optimizing state policy to strengthen the administrative and legal regulation of cybersecurity of the state are the following reforming cyber law as a segment of information legislation of Ukraine, especially in terms of not only clearly defining current threats and threats to cyber security, but also mechanisms public policy, including symmetric cyber measures; research on the protection of critical infrastructure from cyberattacks; promoting the development of domestic innovative products that can be used to strengthen the cybersecurity of the state; completion of the implementation of the provisions of the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime into national law; optimization of the training system in the field of cybersecurity for the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other bodies of the security and defense sector of Ukraine; promoting a more active policy of state security institutions to inform the public about cyber threats; promoting the militarization of cyberspace; support for both existing multilateral training sessions on countering cyberattacks on the state information infrastructure, and initiating new types of such training sessions. Key words:cybersecurity, cyberspace, state policy, cybersecurity policy, cybercrime.

Финансовая безопасность как один из элементов в системе национальной безопасности России

We consider the legal characteristics of financial security. We point out that financial security is one of the components of Russia’s national security. We list internal and external factors that hinder the realization of national interests, including in terms of ensuring financial security. We take into account the provisions of the new National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation, which has recently come into force. In addition, the work shows the correlation between financial security and information security in terms of the dependence of modern financial institutions and instruments on the information and telecommunications component. Purpose of the study: conducting an etymological, doctrinal and legal analysis of such categories as security, information, financial security, as well as formulating the author’s definitions of the studied concepts. The methodological basis of work is based on such methods as the linguistic method, comparison method, method of complex analysis, as well as a number of special methods of scientific cognition: historical, linguistic, comparative legal, formal legal. At the end of research, we conclude that financial security occupies an important place in the overall system of national security, and provides benchmarks for achieving it.

Пріоритетні загрози фінансовій безпеці в умовах трансформаційних процесів у сучасній економіці

Abstract. Introduction. The shadow economy is one of the main threats to the financial security of the state. Strengthening Ukraine’s economy is impossible without reducing the level of shadowing. Official data show that at the beginning of 2020 more than a quarter of GDP is in the shadows, but the real level of shadowing, in our opinion, is much higher. Purpose. The aim of the article is to deepen the theoretical and methodological foundations of substantiation of priority threats to financial security in the conditions of transformation processes in the modern economy, clarification of the optimal method of calculating the shadow economy in Ukraine and monitoring the impact of the shadow sector on financial security of Ukraine. Results. It was found that the system of threats to the financial security of Ukraine includes trends, phenomena and factors that actually or potentially complicate or make it impossible to preserve national values ​​in the financial sphere and the realization of national interests of Ukraine. Threats to security conditions are considered as certain factors or factors that create a danger, namely the existing and objective probability of negative impact on a complex system. Our own view on the classification of factors influencing the level of financial security is presented. It is noted that most often the factors influencing the level of financial security are interrelated, causing cyclical poverty and a permanently low level of financial security. It is analyzed that today the level of the shadow economy is 25-50%. To create the necessary conditions for reducing the level of the shadow sector of Ukraine’s economy, it is necessary to carry out a number of tax reforms, transformations in the banking system (to increase non-cash transactions, create an open database of NBU and MFIs), anti-corruption measures and more. Systematizing the methodological approaches to the assessment of the shadow sector, it was found that the main methods of assessing the level of the shadow sector are: public expenditure – retail trade; electric; unprofitable enterprises; monetary; method of minimal shadow economy. Conclusions. It is proved that the level of financial security of the state decreases with increasing level of shadow economy. This is due to the reduction of the tax base and, consequently, to the reduction of tax revenues to the budgets of all levels. Keywords: financial security; financial security of the state; financial security of households; transformational economy; shadow economy.

Загальнотеоретичні підходи до сутності поняття «державна власність»

Introduction. The basic concept of modern society is the concept of property. It is the basis of social relations – a variety of categories of tangible and intangible objects can be considered as property. This article considers the modern definition of “state property” in the Ukrainian economic literature, and features of the definition of state property as an object of evaluation in its economic content in Ukraine. Purpose. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the main existing in the current economic literature approaches to the valuation of state-owned property. Results. As simple and basic concept “state property” does not have a single clear and comprehensive definition. The article presents three main approaches to it. The interpretations presented in encyclopedic materials, views on state property from the point of view of sociology and philosophy are considered. Considerable attention is paid to the views of domestic economists, who focus on various aspects of the economic content of the concept, considering it as an act of state appropriation of certain objects (S. Mocherny), from the standpoint of the social contract (M. Kamyshanska), with emphasis for the purpose of using property – the realization of national interests (G. Dorofeeva), taking into account the role of state property as the basis of the economy of society (V. Emelyanov) and the primacy of economic relations compared to legal (N. Biryukova). Conclusions. Concluding the article, the author concludes that he adheres to the approach that state property, in contrast to private property is a system of relations regarding the appropriation of goods in the interests of the community and the state as a whole. Thus, state property can be considered as a basis for the development of capital-intensive industries and industries, an economic reserve designed to ensure the development of private and public capital of the nation, private enterprise, and to eliminate the effects of economic crises. State property is also responsible for the material security of public safety, the work of the social sphere and the production of public goods.

THE MAIN CAUSAL ASPECTS OF THE DETERIORATION OF THE QUALITY OF NATURAL OBJECTS IN THE AGROSPHERE OF UKRAINE

It has been established that the existing inaction and incomprehensible passivity of the authorities to effectively implement the requirements of current legislation on the rational use and protection of soil as natural objects of property of the Ukrainian people, contributes to impunity and irresponsibility of resource users and landowners. Constructed assumptions about the reasons for the deterioration of the quality of natural objects in the agro-sphere of Ukraine, allowed for the «first time» to find out the main unregulated premise in Ukraine as a possible interest of disinterest. The existing condition of natural objects (especially soils) is generalized and the functioning economic and legal mechanisms as a result of the ongoing land reform on agricultural lands have been analyzed. It was found that all the consequences of the transformation are characterized as «negative», causing great damage to the natural fertility of soils and other natural components of the biosphere. Balanced interest as the main prerequisite for motivating the improvement of relations between citizens and the natural environment is recognized as the main basis for sustainable agricultural use in agriculture. The special requirements of the complex institutional development of a legal, economically developed and ecologically stable state are the immediate introduction into the current constitutional field of Ukraine of the land reform carried out so far. It is proved that the accomplishment of land reform as a new paradigm should be based on thorough knowledge and true disclosure of new knowledge of constitutional pragmatism as requirements for the realization of national interests through the primary satisfaction of the constitutional rights of citizens of Ukraine. Also, it is seen that the substantiations made will form the basis for clarification in our further work — the main unregulated prerequisite in Ukraine, which allows the deterioration of the quality of natural objects in the agrosphere of Ukraine.

ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE IN INSURANCE PROCESSES

In the current conditions of instability of the national economy and tense geopolitical situation, one of the key factors contributing to the realization of national interests and priorities of Ukraine is economic security. Which characterizes a state of the economy in which the economic interests of the enterprise, region, state and society are reliably protected from internal and external threats. The development of integration processes in the world community contributes to the economic growth of the state, however, like any development process, it faces a number of negative factors and risks that pose a threat to economic security. Given the complexity of the processes in domestic and foreign policy, the majority of the population is unsure of their future. The global crisis has revealed serious shortcomings in the mechanism for managing the economic security of the state and domestic economic entities, which has been reflected in declining economic growth, gross domestic product, rising unemployment and other indicators. As a result, there is a growing focus on security and risk management tools at the macroeconomic level, as well as their effectiveness in the national context. The article examines the mechanisms of ensuring the economic security of the state in the insurance process, which are crucial factors for sustainable growth and functioning of the national economy as a whole. Various areas are considered: ensuring the safety of policyholders, private insurance companies, national institutions (government agencies, organizations). The article examines the mechanisms for ensuring the economic security of the state in the insurance process, which are the most important components of stable growth and functioning of the national economy as a whole. Various areas are considered: ensuring the safety of insured persons, private insurance companies, national institutions (government agencies, organizations). The economic security of the state must be ensured, first of all, by the efficiency of the economy itself, that is, along with the protective measures taken by the state, it must protect itself on the basis of high productivity, product quality and more.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОГО ПРОСТОРУ ІТАЛІЇ В КОНТЕКСТІ РОЗВИТКУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО- КОМУНІКАТИВНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ

У статті досліджено особливості убезпечення інформаційного простору Італії в контексті розвитку інформаційно-комунікативних технологій. У роботі наведено нове розвʼязання актуальної наукової проблеми, що полягає в розробленні концептуальних та правових засад забезпечення інформаційної безпеки, а також практичних рекомендацій щодо вдосконалення механізмів її забезпечення. Отримані в процесі дослідження результати дають підстави стверджувати, що реалізація національних інтересів в інформаційній сфері буде дієвою в разі законодавчого визначення національних цінностей і зумовлених ними національних інтересів. Виходячи з розробленої моделі взаємодії національних цінностей, інтересів цілей та надбань в інформаційній сфері, ми запропонували основними критеріями оцінки негативного впливу на інформаційну безпеку держави вважати деструктивні трансформації національних цінностей в інформаційній сфері, які можливо встановлювати шляхом соціологічних опитувань і вивчення громадської думки. Такі критерії доцільно акумулювати в методологічній базі й на її підставі моніторити стан і динаміку вітчизняної інформаційної сфери, виявляти найбільш вразливі сфери. Запропоновано та обґрунтовано включити до об’єктів забезпечення інформаційної безпеки національні інтереси, цінності, цілі й надбання в інформаційній сфері; розроблено критерії оцінки негативного впливу загроз на стан інформаційної безпеки, якими запропоновано вважати деструктивні трансформації національних цінностей в інформаційній сфері, що дає змогу створити правове підґрунтя відповідної методологічної бази; виділено у вітчизняній системі інформаційного права нову складову частину – забезпечення інформаційної безпеки, а також проаналізовано причини й передумови її виникнення; у системі інформаційно-психологічного складника інформаційної безпеки виокремлено такі елементи, як духовна, воєнна, соціальна, економічна, екологічна та глобальна безпека й змістовно схарактеризовано взаємозв’язки між ними, що дало змогу врахувати сучасні загрози та розробити пріоритетні напрями державної політики забезпечення інформаційної безпеки.

ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПРАВОВОГО СТАТУСУ ДЕПУТАТА МІСЦЕВОЇ РАДИ В ДЕРЖАВАХ-ЧЛЕНАХ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ: НАЦІОНАЛЬНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИХ КРАЇН ТА ПРОБЛЕМНІ ПИТАННЯ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ДОСВІДУ В УКРАЇНІ

The article analyzes the peculiarities of determining the legal status of a deputy of the local council (local self-government bodies) in individual EU Member States by theoretical, functional and evaluation components. The results of the analysis made it possible to establish the specifics of determining the functions, powers and responsibilities of a deputy of the local council; organization of activities in the direction of effective interaction of executive authorities and local self- government in the conditions of decentralization; assessing the effectiveness of their activities in individual Member States of the European Union. It is known that decentralization reform is planned to be completed in Ukraine by the end of 2020. It is based on the main provisions of the European Charter of Local Self-Government. The reform envisages the introduction of standards of organization of local governance, as well as the formation of a national model of local self-government, based on their own needs and traditions. In view of the analysis of the legal status of a deputy of the local council by theoretical, functional and evaluation components, the following problematic issues are identified that need to be resolved: availability of politicization of the activity of the deputies of the local council and consolidation of influence on it by large political parties of national scale; rather limited use of the tool of cooperation between the united territorial communities; lack of methodological and institutional bases for assessing the effectiveness of the activity of a deputy of the local council. In order to resolve them, it is advisable to analyze the functions and powers of a deputy of the local council concerning the realization of national and community interests, as well as the effectiveness of their activities; organization of interaction of a deputy of the local council with other territorial communities, authorities performing the functions of control, as well as with bodies of state power at the strategic level regarding the realization of national interests.

GEOECONOMIC STRATEGIES IN THE MODERN GLOBAL ECONOMIC SPACE

In today's context, it is considered that with the reduction of the risk of military intervention, military security has come to the forefront and economic security has become a priority for the national interests of the country. As regional forces seek to expand markets, provide access to finance and the latest technologies, economic security has become a necessary component of regional forces' ability to spread their influence. The article is devoted to the study of national security and its relation to the functioning and formation of the geo-economic strategy in the conditions of globalization of the world, taking into account the national interests of countries. Each stage of the realization of the national interests of the country has its own assessment of its geopolitical, geostrategic and geoeconomic status, security threats and main carriers of these threats, mechanism of realization of national interests, resources, used for the purposes of such realization. Each of the stages provide its own assessment of the main definitions and categories of security, the main directions of geo-economic policy. The complex of current global mechanisms, aimed at ensuring the economic security of states from external threats, is investigated. The importance of forming the protective instruments of Ukraine's foreign economic policy is considered. The emphasis is placed on economic security, which is the foundation and material foundation of national security. The special place of economic security in the structure of national security is due to the fact that almost no type of security can be sufficiently implemented without economic security.

LEGAL REGULATION OF PUBLIC PROPERTY IN THE CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION

The purpose of the article is to characterize the legal regulation of relations in the field of public ownership, which is an important economic resource for the fulfilment of tasks and functions assigned to the state. Approaches to understanding public ownership as an economic and social category are analysed, its relationship with property in the general sense is clarified. It is stated that public property is one of the most important categories in our lives because we use it every day, regardless of our desire. At the same time, the level of vital activity and improvement of the population in each state depends, first of all, on how much it provides its citizens with the property of the commons, that is, that property which every person can use, regardless of status, age, sex, religion or any other characteristics. Special attention is paid to the features of legal regulation of public property relations in the conditions of the transformation of the economy. General and special features of public property are identified. Some features of the formation of concepts concerning the understanding of public property in foreign countries and the experience of legal regulation of public property relations are revealed. It is proved that the existing legal acts on control over public property necessitate us to conclude on the unsatisfactory state of legal regulation in this sphere. The main directions for solving this problem are: transfer of legal regulation to the legislative level, as well as the systematization and partial abolition of departmental acts; clear definition of control objects; establishment of a system of control subjects and principles for the division of competences between them; differentiated consolidation of content and control procedures depending on the type of public property, legal regime of its use, and other factors (control over the legality, the efficiency of the property use, its preservation, etc.). Practical importance of scientific results of the study is the clarification of concepts of “public ownership”, “public property” in the context of legal regulation, which is important for the successful socio-economic development of the state and promotes the identification of those factors hampering the development of the economy, the development and further improvement of the legal framework, which regulates the economy and affects the development of an effective economic crisis exit strategy. The public property of the state is not only one of the most important elements in ensuring the fulfilment of state functions but also the basic, decisive condition for the observance and realization of national interests. In view of this, scientific research in this area is relevant and timely in the period of the search for the priorities of the state economic policy. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study of public ownership is determined a set of methods of scientific knowledge that allow considering this problem as a multidimensional, interdisciplinary phenomenon. On the basis of system-structural, system-functional, and other scientific approaches, the concept of public ownership as a complex system category, covering the theoretical and practical level of economic activity of the state, has developed.