Cultural Realities Research Articles

Agus Moh Najib's Thoughts on the Interconnection of Islamic Law and National Law

The number of controversies and debates about integrating Islamic law into the national legal system in Indonesia has led to many counter-productive perceptions, so progressive thinking is needed all parties can accept that. Therefore, this study examines the thoughts of Agus Moh Najib, a Muslim scholar, on integrating Islamic law into the national legal system to create a fair legal system by the demands of society and the state. Methodologically, this research uses a philosophical approach with library research and is also descriptive-analytical qualitative research. The results of this study state that Islamic Law and Indonesian law have several interrelationships and interconnections perspectives on Agus Moh Najib's. He provides recommendations that to maximise the interconnectivity of Islamic law to national law, the first step that needs to be taken is to redesign, reformulate and renovate the ushul fiqh building, which is the basis for the formation of Islamic law without having to tear it down by reviewing existing concepts and theories so that the role of ushul fiqh can be more optimal in developing Islamic legal science that contributes to the formation of laws and regulations in Indonesia. Then harmonisation is carried out between Islamic law and various legal sciences developed in Indonesia regarding subject matter and language. In other words, it is necessary to strive for the formation of the Islamic law that is in harmony with legal science in general based on the ideal moral norms of the core teachings of Islam and also considers the culture and empirical realities that exist in plural Indonesian society.

Cyber-physical Systems and Artificial Intelligence: The Role of Cyber Security, Machine Learning, Threats and benefits to Modern Economies and Industries

We have seen several applications based on embedded system principles evolve during the last 20 years. However, embedded systems are only useful for standalone, modest-sized applications. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in cyber-physical systems is now and, in the future, faced with several difficulties. It also looks at how machine learning, the contemporary economy, and business interact with cybersecurity and artificial intelligence. The emphasis of the literature study is on developing a conceptual framework that will enable automation at both the technological and human levels, hence enhancing AI's resilience. Paradigm changes are a reality in contemporary culture. New technologies that provide high-performance computing capabilities that allow the development of intricate artificial intelligence systems are a contributing factor in these shifts. These advancements have made it possible for brand-new cybernetic systems to emerge, in which artificial intelligence models are employed to carry out specific jobs inside the system using continually produced data. On the one hand, cyber systems are being used more and more often in isolated applications. On the other hand, there is still discussion around the simultaneous integration of cyber systems with other cyber systems, the creation of straightforward cognitive structures, and the profound autonomy of interaction with physical systems. Widely open issue that has only been addressed philosophically in select texts.

Crafting Care through Text and Subtitles

This paper investigates the underappreciated, yet integral role of text, subtitles, and intertitles in the realms of interactive films and multimedia storytelling, employing a unique lens of craft, collaboration, and care. Drawing from Gilles Deleuze's notion of the 'speech-act' and The Care Collective's interpretation of care, the study explores the use of written text as a tool that guides the narrative, widens accessibility, and promotes justice and equity in viewing experiences. The complexity of the subtitling process, going beyond mere translation, is highlighted. Delving into Deleuze's concept of 'scriptual', the paper outlines how reading subtitles adds a layer of abstract universality to films, demanding more than passive consumption from viewers. Analyzing the dynamics and impacts of subtitles in interactive films, it underscores their critical role in shaping viewer comprehension and perception. The exploration of five interactive projects – 4Stelle Hotel (2014), Life on Hold (2015), "The Displaced" (2015), Sea Prayer (2018), and Another Dream (2019) – offers concrete illustrations of how subtitles and intertitles contribute to creating sensory, caring, and emotional experiences, facilitating viewer engagement and understanding. By enhancing navigation and narrativity, this paper argues that subtitles and text can nurture a culture of care, aligning with the principles of The Care Manifesto. The conclusion brings focus on the affect and sensation in relation to written text and subtitles. Recognizing viewer agency in interpreting narrative, it emphasizes the potential of text and subtitles to catalyze dialogue, shared experiences, and a sense of care and connection among viewers. The paper further underscores the role of subtitles and intertitles as conduits, amplifying audiences' sensory and emotional experiences and fostering a deeper understanding of characters, cultural nuances, and broader social, cultural, and political realities. The potential of these interactive experiences to stimulate political engagement is also discussed, marking a new benchmark in the cinematic experience. Subtitles have a transformative impact on the audience's agency. They not only serve as linguistic translation tools but also as conduits that imbue the narrative and characters with immediacy, individuality, and complexity. This assists the audience in navigating the intricacies of the story, unlocking hidden layers of meaning, and understanding cultural nuances. This enhanced comprehension grants viewers agency in directing their choices and interpretations, fostering a more profound connection with the story and its characters. In summary, this study underscores the significance of integrating text and subtitles in interactive film projects, accentuating their capacity to foster inclusivity, collaboration, and care within the narrative. It presents a compelling case for filmmakers and media professionals to design text and subtitle systems that enrich the viewing experience, disrupt uncaring societal structures, and, ultimately, contribute to a more empathetic and inclusive world.

REPRESENTATION OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES AND THEIR RELATION TO ELEMENTS OF ECONOMIC CULTURE IN THE FILM LASKAR PELANGI

Currently, film is no longer interpreted as a work of visual art, but as a social representation and mass communication. In which there is a lot of social interaction to build a good film. While film can also be interpreted as a means to convey messages conveyed to the community. Film is a new facility for all humans to work both in writing and orally which can provide visualization into a film. So film as a means of mass communication also functions as a cultural transmission in society. Laskar Pelangi film with educational and social themes is understood as a representation of cultural reality that shows how a culture works and lives in a society. So that film can be said to be an effective medium in cultural learning by the community. This research is a cultural studies research with a subjective research approach. Through the unit of analysis in the form of the Laskar Pelangi film, this concept reflects a number of educational cultural findings such as the still weak education sector due to the uneven distribution of the education budget that is not optimal, the pretentiousness of education because it is more concerned with prestige than skills, lack of respect for the process, education is still measured from statistical figures. and the commercialization of education. Keywords: film, education, culture, economy

KARMİK ADALET BİÇİMİNDE TOPLUMUN PARÇALANMIŞ AYNASI: AGATHA CHRISTIE'NİN AND THEN THERE WERE NONE ESERİ

Literature reflects and interprets the social structures, cultural norms, and power dynamics of the societies in which it is produced, making sociology and literature two fields that cross in many different ways. Studies of literature provide insightful analysis of contemporary social and cultural challenges. Nevertheless, the sociology of literature provides a framework for comprehending the intricate and dynamic connections between literature and society. We can better grasp how literary works can be utilized to analyze and critique the world around us by recognizing how they both reflect and shape social and cultural reality. Detective fiction often touches on a wide range of sociological issues and is an important genre that reflects the values, concerns, and anxieties of the societies in which they are written. One of the crime novels that best reflects social issues and karmic justice is And Then There Were None, one of Agatha Christie's most popular and enduring novels. It deals with issues that affect society such as justice, guilt, classism, racism, prejudice, redemption, and psychological trauma, revealing how society has degenerated.

Construction of Lahure Culture in Nepali Literature

The Gurkha and lahure with identical sense has gained their name and fame in western discourse. After the Anglo-Gorkha war fought in 1814-16 A. D., the hill-people of Nepal joined in British and Indian army forces and were referred to as ‘Gorkhas’ or ‘Goorkhali’or 'lahure'. The British rulers referred to them as ‘Gurkhas’ and British construction of lahure culture brought a division between lahure and non-lahure in Nepali society. It reveals that the practice of Gurkha as a product of western imperialism is still in use. The orientalist martial discourse dominates the historiography of Gurkhas. This article uses Lionel Caplan's theory that deals with the Gurkhas in the context of the western military imagination. The recruitment in military force accepted the Gurkha culture and turned their mythological character into reality to a considerable increase in Gurkha recruitment. The fact that Nepali writers and singers raised the different voices to accept and oppose the reality of lahure culture.

International Education and the Crises of Cosmopolitanism and Global Citizenship

Globalisation has not only given rise to unprecedented dimensions of mobility of people and ideas across national borders, but it has also enhanced the activities involved in international education (IE) and inevitably drawn attention to the growing levels of cultural diversity and the necessity for cultural exchange among the ‘global communities’. Arguably, these phenomena have equally given rise to the possibilities of both cultural exchange and conflicts of interest in what constitutes an effective IE. Besides, recent phenomenal development in digital technologies has enabled people across vast far afield to be in close relations with one another; thus, opening new vistas to an effectively transnational world that could be aptly regarded as a global village. Parts of the fundamental concepts of IE which have agitated the minds of several international scholars are cosmopolitanism and global citizenship (GC). As part of the tenets of GC and cosmopolitanism, it is expected that people are treated equally and that preference should not be given to any particular cultural, political, linguistic, or national group, most especially at the expense of others. Meanwhile, there are scholarly arguments that global education has a fundamental role to play in preparing students for a world that is increasingly interconnected and interdependent. Several advocacies in the light of cosmopolitanism and GC in the context of IE have been principally brought to the fore by several scholars not only as moral frameworks resonant with educators’ efforts to cultivate people’s openness to new ideas but also as a mutual understanding through respectful dialogue, as well as the awareness of the peculiarities within the cultural values of the others. Meanwhile, there have been stridently diverse arguments from several scholars that the contemporary global practices in IE do not reflect the tenets as well as _modus operandi_ as espoused by the concepts of cosmopolitanism and or GC. It was equally argued that there exist varying levels of disequilibria in the contemporary IE, and this has made the cultural realities inherent in the ‘others’ to be disparagingly relegated. Imperatively, in recent times, there have been several calls from scholars advocating the critical incorporation of cosmopolitan dynamics and realities in approaches to IE (to reflect some of the basic hallmarks and or tenets of GC). Although the positive realisation of these attempts or calls is still at the developing stage in educational practices, recent works in other disciplines promise to forward such a critical agenda. It is, therefore, against this background that both the extant and current literature is critically and scholarly engaged to interrogate the concepts of cosmopolitanism and GC in the context of IE. At the same time, the treatise is principally divided into four (4) sections which include: conceptual clarifications of the terms: international education (IE), global citizenship, and cosmopolitanism; a critical analysis of Western, Asian (Chinese) and African perspectives on cosmopolitanism and global citizenship as well as crises of global citizenship and cosmopolitanism in the light of IE. However, the paper gives a conclusion and puts forth recommendations.

Das Abwesende erforschen. Versuch über die Lücke und das Verschwinden

Empirically working cultural studies naturally focus their attention on what is methodically accessible and thus on what is existing. But in the history of our discipline there is also a trace of interest in the suppressed, forgotten or abolished. The absent is also a cultural reality that deserves attention. The social crises of recent years have enforced extensive practices of omission and thus intensified anew the questioning of the growth paradigm. In the interplay of climate change, pandemic, energy scarcity and inflation, a thorough engagement with practices of reduction and relinquishment is needed. Using the thematic examples of energy saving, minimalist reduction of possessions and the question of climate-friendly mobility, practical everyday forms of reduction will be presented and discussed as objects of cultural studies research. Phenomena of disappearance turn out to be neither a passive blank space nor an accidental gap. Rather, they are significant objectivations of human action full of agency and creative power. They thus are particularly suitable for an analysis of the absent in the cultural studies of everyday life.

Exhibit and Conference Reviews

Since the establishment of women's history as an academic research and educational field in the 1960s–1970s in the Western context—a field contesting traditional historical narratives (political, diplomatic, institutional) that located women on the periphery of historical processes—efforts have concentrated on the discovery and analysis of neglected facts of the past, the historical representation of gender interdependence, and the reconstruction of a credible male–female sociohistorical reality. Since the 1990s, in the context of changed political, social, and cultural realities, interest in the problems of the “second sex,”1 its experiences and representations, and its role in historical events has intensified and gained greater public visibility in the east as well. Interpreted as a significant tool for drawing a comprehensive picture of women's past in Europe, scholarship on women's history in Eastern and Southeastern Europe has focused on various aspects of women's emancipation in the modern era, the relationships among power, gender, identity, modernization, nationalism, and national formation, women's role in the processes of cultural and civilizational construction, and their place in the context of traditionally established intellectual hierarchies. Conducting a productive dialogue between history and social anthropology, filling numerous gaps in historical memory (regarding traditionally marginalized social groups such as women), feminist studies in the region have produced collections of documents and primary sources, innovative publications, and monographs, all sharing the belief that women have their own history subject to complex analysis.

Formare gli studenti universitari alla Cittadinanza Digitale

Today digital media are configured as social environments that expand our personal, cultural, social and educational reality, therefore measuring citizens’ activities in online environments is of fundamental importance. In the last decade, different scholars have proposed different definitions of the digital citizenship and different measurement tools. Most definitions focus on two conceptions of digital citizenship, some more inherent in digital skills and others centered on critical aspects and civic engagement. In this study, we present the translation and Italian adaptation of two scales: the Digital Citizenship Scale by Al-Zahrani (2015) and the Digital Citizenship Scale by Choi, Glassman, and Cristol (2017). These two scales, consisting of a total of 72 items, were administered to 198 undergraduate students attending to the LM-85bis Master’s Degree Course at University of Palermo. We then proceeded with the reliability analysis by calculating the Alpha of Cronbach and the correlation between individual items and the total scale. The goal was to determine which profile, dimensions and digital citizenship needs characterize the participant university students. The results show that participants have good levels of digital citizenship in terms of respect and education for themselves and for others and in the self-assessment of technical skills in the digital field. Lower levels are recorded in participation and collaboration on cultural, social, political and economic issues.

Application of Conflict Wheel Model in the Analysis of Farmers-Herders Conflict in Adamawa State, Nigeria

The study examines the causal factors of the lingering conflict between farmers-herders in the Adamawa. Specifically, it emphasizes issues, dynamics, context, causalities and exit options. The application of the conflict wheel theory suggests, the negative consequences of desertification and decline in ecological resources has in this case informed an unhealthy competition for access to mutual ecological resources between farmers-herders as one of the factors that brought about the deadly conflict. Further analysis reveals the context which has consistently increased in scope, cannot be divorced from existential socio-economic, political, and cultural realities of the Nigerian state. While Causalities seem to be multidimensional encompassing, conflict between two production systems, government inactivity and pre-existing security challenges in the region amongst others discussed. Given the central role of the state in enforcing law and social stability, it is imperative that government at various levels review pre-existing strategies and adopt robust and inclusive strategies. Similarly, the importance of counter desertification and conservative policies cannot be downplayed, and climate conscious pastoral and herding initiatives will also go a long way in averting future ecological resource-based conflicts.

Exploring Stereotypes and Cultural References in Dubbed TV Comedies in the Spanish-as-a-Foreign-Language Classroom

Streaming video-on-demand (SVoD) platforms have recently set out to produce an ever-increasing number of non-English-language films and tv series distributed worldwide. These, in turn, have become the perfect vehicle for disseminating cultural realities other than those from English-speaking countries. In this article, we endeavour to analyse the presence of stereotypes and cultural references in the English-dubbed version of the Spanish tv series Valeria (Benítez, 2020–present) and the way they travel through dubbing. To this end, we conducted a comparative study in which seven video excerpts from the English-dubbed version and their original Spanish version were shown to 57 native English-speaking participants from a British higher education institution, who shared a similar knowledge of Spanish as a foreign language. Specifically, we explored the participants’ overall perception of humorous passages, their identification of cultural references, their informed opinion on the translation techniques applied (and alternatives given), and their self-assessment of the metacognitive effort required. The findings show two aspects of learners: (a) overall, these learners were eager to maintain stereotypes and cultural references used for humorous purposes in audiovisual comedies, and (b) their understanding of these items often relies on audiovisual support. The findings offer an initial examination of English speakers’ cognitive and evaluative perception of Spanish comedies that have been dubbed in English and can be useful for translator training purposes.

For a Negative Hermeneutics: Adorno, Gadamer and Critical Consciousness

The present social-historical moment is marked by a sharp divide, a harrowing ‘communication breakdown’ between subject and object, between humanity and nature, between humanity and itself. This state of affairs pleads for the (re-)elaboration of a consciousness that resonates critically with the social, political and cultural realities of its time. This paper studies the lessons that can be drawn in this regard from the intersection between, on the one hand, Theodor W. Adorno’s ‘philosophical interpretation’ and his idea of an historically adequate consciousness, and, on the other, Hans-Georg Gadamer’s ‘philosophical hermeneutics’ and his conception of the historically effected consciousness. The paper opens with a concise reconstruction of Adorno’s ‘philosophical interpretation’ as a critical response to instrumental rationality that borrows insights from radical historicism. The focus then shifts to Gadamer’s ‘philosophical hermeneutics’ which is read as a similar type of protest against instrumental reason that privileges dialogical forms of enculturation. Finally, the paper closes with some suggestive yet inconclusive reflections on some important elements of convergence/divergence between the two thinkers, notably, their theorisations of immanent and transcended critique, the role they ascribe to tradition and language vis- à-vis experience, and the special place of ‘mimesis’ in it. Overall, the argument is made that a ‘negative hermeneutics’ may be what is needed to fashion new interpretations of the world, to foster alternative ways of thinking about and being in it, which, pace Marx, go hand in hand with its transformation – or, perhaps more aptly nowadays, the mere feat of sparing it.

Cyber security industry clusters

Drıven by national security interests and private sector advocacy, the cybersecurity industry plays an important role in our shared economic and cultural reality. A key premise of this report is that the cybersecurity industry does not emerge in a vacuum, but rather is influenced by the environmental conditions that exist at a particular place and time. Industry can be seen as a manifestation of two broad interactions: industrial clustering processes. Through comprehensive mapping, we show that cybersecurity clusters are layered across large, diverse urban areas, within complex, multimodal transportation networks, with nearby universities, and across household income sectors.

The Isaiah of the 20th century – Korczak’s utopia of all men solidarity

Korczak scholars deal mainly with his pedagogy, extensive writings, the legacy of his two children’s homes, and the tragic end of Korczak and his Jewish children in the Holocaust. Less attention is given to his humanistic worldview. Korczak, who claimed that the child is a human being here and now, not a man in the making, developed a philosophy that places the child, as any other human being, in his broad understanding of Humanity. This study aims to explore Korczak’s utopian idea of one united Humanity. As a Jew, Korczak knew the price people pay for these historical divisions. This study shows that, like other Jewish intellectuals of modernity, Korczak envisioned a reality of all men’s unity and solidarity. Korczak was not blind to the political, cultural, and social realities of the 20th century. Antisemitic ideas were present in interwar Poland, as in other European countries, yet, he hoped that the world of men is mendable. One day, all people of the world will unite around the cause of the child. A renewed reading of Korczak’s texts, including his exchange of letters with his friends in Palestine, the Land of Israel, the Holy Land of the Christians, and his impressions from his two visits to Palestine showed his broad universal view. A renewed reading of his classic novel, King Matt the First, would reveal, besides the idea of a children’s kingdom, the idea that Europeans, Africans and Asians, boys and girls, rich and street people, can live together in peace. It is possible if they would go beyond political rivalries, greediness for power and money, admiration of military might, and social prejudices. The Kingdom of Matt failed. Society is not ready for such a worldview. Korczak’s words like the Biblical prophecies of Isaiah, remained unfulfilled, but we, living in a troubling era, must hope that one day, “at the end of days,” they will become a reality.

The Dependence of Javanese Culture in Chinese Temple Ceremony

The research discussed the dependence on local culture, in this case, on Javanese culture, in the Chinese temple ceremony. A close relationship between Chinese and Javanese culture could be seen in the cultural interactions between the Chinese and Javanese. This cultural interaction was related to the relationship of the Chinese people with the Javanese cultural values and cultural elements, such as in the ceremony. In cultural interaction, Chinese people were immersed in the values and elements of Javanese culture. Cultural reality had shown, in historical reality, that the Chinese in the past had met, fused, and merged into Java. The research method applied the research was a qualitative descriptive method and case study with an ethnographic approach. This research shows cultural borrowing and dependence on Javanese culture. One of the dependencies of Javanese culture in Chinese culture is ceremony or ritual. Taking the case of the god's birthday ceremony, which is held in temples in Central Java, namely Tek Hay Bio (Semarang) and Welahan, it will be shown that Javanese culture influences Chinese culture. Consequently, the borrowing and dependence on Javanese culture in Chinese culture cause the dominance of Javanese culture in Chinese temple ceremonies and make the loss of some elements of Chinese culture itself (displacement).

Embracing the traces of the deity Opo Empung in Minahasa for culturative Christianity

The conversation about God has the potential to generate constructive discussion because it is the central theme of various religious traditions in Indonesia. The belief of the Minahasa community, one of the tribes in Indonesia, regarding the expression of the Opo Empung deity has become a matter of debate because it contains mystical values. But on the other hand, there have been attempts to integrate the understanding of the divine with Christianity, but they have not achieved satisfactory results. This study sought to find the deity value of Opo Empung with a constructive intercultural approach, which can be an object of dialogue and discussion for the Christian religion so as to offer respect, tolerance and peace. This study used a qualitative approach. The main sources that were used as references are library data, articles, books and other scientific references, combined with ethnographic data collection. The results showed that the expression of the deity Opo Empung offers an object of conversation for interaction with religion. It represents strong religious values. This cultural reality opens up opportunities for interactive conversations between Christianity and cultural beliefs in order to create a harmonious and peaceful life.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: Churches and Christians in Minahasa and Indonesia need to minimise conflicts with local culture. The church could be a light for the local culture to know God properly and a bridge to build religious tolerance and moderation. It should accept and befriend local culture considered by people as a religion for generations.

Faith is the Cornerstone of Civilization

The theoretical construction of cultural self-confidence is not an unsourceable water or rootless wood, but a product based on the history and reality of Chinese traditional culture. This requires us to clarify the history, reality and theoretical logic on which cultural self-confidence relies in our research. Only by understanding these can we truly understand the Chinese culture we want to build and develop, and truly understand the socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. Faith not only affects the development of the whole society, but also is closely related to the happiness of the people. So what is faith? Do we need faith? What should we believe in? The intrinsic connection between civilization, culture and faith is a concept that every Communist Party member should deeply think about and engrave in their hearts during the period of comprehensively building socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

Translating constraints

ABSTRACT This article considers the work that goes into the emergence of social-cultural reality. It uses the notion of constraints to think about the non-physical domain of ideas, which are usually studied in the humanities. Constraints on the release of energy are required in order to perform work, which means that work and constraints stand in a circular relation to one another. The article delves into “the absential” as a constraint, in other words, the ways in which that which does not exist or that which could have existed constrains the emergence of social cultural reality. It argues that creativity is linked to the imposition of constraints, and hence argues that it is constraints that get translated in processes of translation, whether interlingual, intralingual or intersemiotic. The article considers the interplay between reality and its adjacent possible for thinking about the role of translation in the emergence of society-culture.

Structural characteristics of French and Russian terms of the subject area "space artificial satellites" (based on glossaries)

This article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the derivational elements of French and Russian terms of space artificial satellites area. Linguists’ understanding of prefixation and suffixation components features, the ability to identify the prerequisites of their usage, correlate their morphological structure with cultural and historical linguistic realities will ensure a competent and timely interpretation of terms in this field in the process of experts’ interaction. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that scientists have not conducted a comparative analysis of the French-Russian elements of the term formation of such a highly specialized and innovative subject area as space artificial satellites. The subject of the study is the linguistic features of French and Russian terms formation methods in the space artificial satellites area. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time we have identified the most active method of the terms’ derivation based on the material of the two languages under consideration. The results of the study demonstrate that suffixation is the main way of forming terms in both French and Russian languages, in particular, the suffixes –tion and –ement in French and –ость in Russian are most actively involved in the formation of terms; that international prefixes are used in most cases of formation of space artificial satellites terms and the quantitative representativeness of the prefixes télé–/теле– and auto–/авто– accounts for half of the total number of units.