Realities Of Social Life Research Articles

Digital technology in the humanities and public life in the context of justice

The article explores some methodological issues and the role of digital technologies in the humanities, education system, and public life. The relevance of the research topic is confirmed by the rapid development of digital resources and technologies in public life, including humanities and education. The positive role of digital technologies for the development of humanities and education is emphasized; they are characterized by interdisciplinarity and open up new possibilities for research. It is argued that the process of digitalization is a reflection of the new historical realities of social life, including science and education, a reflection of the new needs of society in the research environment. And materialistic understanding of the phenomena of social life as the most important method of research, comprehension, and evaluation of social processes is used as the main method of research. It is argued that digital technologies in the humanities and education have serious negative consequences. This manifests itself in a potential decrease in intellectual activity, analytical abilities, and physical development of a person. Digital technologies are capable of taking a person into another reality, disrupting the process of traditional socialization, live communication. Such processes have a negative impact on his personal development, which contradicts the criterion of justice and social progress, which are expressed in the comprehensive development of the individual. It is argued that even the most advanced digital technology cannot replace the moral and psychological moments of live teacher-student communication.

The Special is Women: Suatu Ritual Adat Masuk Minta di Tanimbar Provinsi Maluku

This paper aims to describe a traditional ritual in Tanimbar-Maluku, which is the ritual of asking for requests or applications with its own uniqueness in which the position and value of women are very high because they have a special room that no one can find, with this ritual, women's existence is in the spotlight both in the scope of the family and society in dealing with polemic about the position of women today. The problem in this paper is focused on the value of women in adat which can be implemented or equated with the reality of social life so that the position of men and women can be equal. To approach this problem the theoretical references from the theory of cultural structuralism and the theory of postmodern feminism are used to collaborate between interconnected cultural and feminist roles. The data is collected through observation and interview results from the informant descriptively ... and the data analysis conducted is qualitative analysis. The results obtained are ritual entrance asking to pay attention to the position and values of women; it is not arbitrary to get women (Tanimbar) so this paper provides a concrete contribution that reconstructs the understanding of women's position and values in cultural and social contexts so that there is a balance between men and women.

GENDER MAINSTREAMING; FIQH AL-NISA’ AL-MU’ASIR Telaah Pemikiran Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd dalam Kitab Dawairul Khaufi; Qiraah Fi Khitabil Mar’ah

In the discourse of religious texts and in the reality of social life, the position of women is always marginalized, inferior, and always below men. This requires a review of religious texts which have so far been considered to perpetuate this gap and can place the right position of women. Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid offers the Method of Reading the Religious Texts of the Qur'anic Contextualization. With this method, it is known that the Koran actually positions the position of women as equal to men.

SHEIKH DJAMIL DJAHO AND SOCIO-RELIGIOUS CRITICISM OF MINANGKABAU MUSLIM: A Study on Tazkirat al-Qulub Fi Mu‘amalat ‘Allam al-Guyub

This article discusses the socio-religious critique of Sheikh Djamil Djaho on the religious and socio-society conditions in Minangkabau. Analysis of the content and approach of social history-intellectuals was used to dissect the contents of the book Tazkirat al-Qulub associated with social-religious context in the policy at the beginning of the 20th century. Based on the analysis of texts it is known that Sheikh Djaho expressed his criticism towards several groups. Among the groups are (1) scholars, (2) worshippers, (3) Sufism experts, and (4) experts of the world. According to Sheikh Djaho, the four groups might include gurur (faction), when they use intelligence in their respective fields as masks, not in honesty. This study shows three points. First, the presence of Sheikh Djaho's criticism departs from the reality of the life of the clergy and layman at that time. Second, the reality of social life keeps a text alive in society. Third, the solution to social-religious reality in the early 20th century was the practice of tasawwuf.

Between Theory(-ies) and Practice(-s): Legal Devices (Ḥiyal) in Classical Islamic Law

Abstract By assuming a disconnection between jurists’ doctrines and the reality of social life, Joseph Schacht interpreted ḥiyal (legal devices) in classical Islamic law as ‘the maximum that custom could concede, and the minimum (that is to say, formal acknowledgment) that the theory had to demand’. Challenging this interpretation, this article argues that ḥiyal were not exclusively the product of commercial customs that were unrelated to the jurists’ ideal law. In actual fact, the diverging contractual theories of the Sunni maḏāhib contributed to the development of diverse ḥiyal practices, whose social acceptance in medieval trade was correspondingly fostered (or rejected) by underlying fiqh doctrines.

Public opinion - regular nature of the formation

At the present stage of political life public opinion endures the increase of its role and significance thus determining the relevance of social and philosophical analysis of the public opinion phenomenon. This article aims to represent more profoundly the process of public opinion formation, and to substantiate its regular character. Theoretical knowledge of ontological foundation of the phenomenon under consideration requires the reliance on laws of the dialectic: unity and struggle of opposites (while creating public opinion social subjects together denote a unity in relation to the subject of dispute, and at the same time they are in conflict regarding its evaluation), transition from quantitative to qualitative changes (as public opinion changes and acquires new qualities at each stage of formation), negation of the negation (although public opinion endures typical formative stages, it nevertheless retains the holistic nature). Due to the analysis of public opinion definitions made by well-known representatives of internationl and national science (F. Allport, Ye.Noel-Neumann, O.Uledova, V.Shatun etc.) it was determined that the phenomenon of public opinion has subject-object nature, its formal trait is social activity and information and emotional interaction. It was established that public opinion is formed in accordance with the facts of human life, under conditions when human needs and interests are implemented due to the influence of the environment, public relations, and other realities of social life. However, the essential role in this process also belongs to the fundamental understanding and background assumptions, standards, ideas and values created by public conscience. So it is proved that the formation of public opinion is possible due to the interaction of two major components - a social being and social consciousness. It is the interaction of rational, emotional and conative components of social subjects and objects of public opinion. The relationship of social consciousness and social life is stable, objective, substantial, internal, necessary and repetitive, and, therefore, it appears as the main pattern of public opinion formation.

Soft law, responsibility and the biopolitics of front-of-pack food labels

ABSTRACTFront-of-pack (FOP) food labels are increasingly used by government and industry to provide nutrition information to consumers for the promotion of healthier eating habits. However, quantitative and qualitative research into the effectiveness of FOP food labelling schemes is in its infancy and, at this stage at least, is largely unconvincing. Using Australia’s health star rating system as an exemplar, in this article we provide a novel perspective on FOP food labels and in so doing make two (related) arguments about FOP food labels and in many ways about food label schemes more broadly. The first argument is that FOP food labels enliven a combination of hard and soft law. The second argument, informed by Foucault’s notion of governmentality, is that FOP food labelling functions as a technology of the self. Drawing these two arguments together, we conclude that FOP food labels rely on a distorted rationality, because (i) the main actors in the process – food companies – are placed in a position of self-regulatory actors, fundamentally oriented to an economic rather than biopolitical agenda; and (ii) the biopolitics of population health through FOP food labels assumes particular kinds of rational consumers, when the reality of social life is far more complex.

IDEOLOGI KEMANUSIAAN DALAM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM

<em>THE IDEOLOGY OF HUMANITY IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION.Undang Undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional (UUSPN) Number 20 of 2003 explains that one of the main goals of education is that learners have spiritual and religious strength and noble character. It shows how important the position of Islamic education in the context of national education. In addition, the formulation of education contains clearly about humanity aspects that are implemented into the reality of social life so that the system of social life order created a sense of mutual respect, peace, harmony without any conflict among others. Therefore, the ideology of humanity is absolutely necessary to be implemented by the teachers (Guru PAI). This study will discuss at least three things: the understanding of Islamic Education, the understanding of humanity ideology and how to implement the ideology of humanity in Islamic education. In its implementation, the ideology of humanity can be done normatively and technically. Normatively can be done by having a proper point of view to the students in all aspects of education, technically can be done by applying some learning approaches such as active learning, cooperative learning, and fun learning.</em>

Semiotic strategy of non-representation: conflict between reprezentament and reference

The idea of representation is a fundamental factor of the social privilege for any social institution that lies in a desire to establish the firmly true descriptions of the world, set facts and objective truths. Yet, it should be noted that assertions based on representation are not only the prerogative of science, philosophy, religion, art and politics, but also the immediate reality of social life. A denial of representationalism inevitably leads to the relativism as the abruption of a language from reality. Since then, a language can assert anything about the reality without accordance to the reality proper, and thus, distort the reality to its substitute - a new artistic reality. Post-analytical philosophy covers the issues under the term anti-representationalism, i.e. reject representation (meaning passive display of autonomous objects) as a productive notion or a concept. Representatives of new historicism, on the contrary, understand representation as a productive notion through which cultural creativity can be studied in performative aspects.Research of representation as fine art is an integrated part of social processes of separation, withdrawal, acceptance and domination, and is generally a social expression of power-strength processes. Post-analytical philosophy in the concept of anti-representationalism does not thematise artistic and non-artistic signs specifics. A language is claimed not to reflect passively autonomous objects in the world like a mirror (represent), but constitutes them as technical artistic texts in a fundamental sense. Theory of language representation in the post-analytical philosophy progresses into language instrumentalism - a language is understood as an important tool with the help of which the humankind aligns with the reality.

Membangun Sikap Toleransi Beragama dalam Masyarakat Plural

The reality of social life is possible because of accommodating differences and diversities among human being. One of these diversities related to the choice of the faith, and therefore, we should be able to getting along either with the members of the same religious community as well as with those of others. In this case, religious tolerance is a necessity to guarantee social stability against the unwanted ideological force and even physical collisions in the society. Social and religious lives are not to be isolated from each other, but must be integrated into one another. Building educated and open minded religious community is a requirement to achieve this goal. The ideal religious tolerance should be built trough active participation from all members of diverse religious communities to achieve the same goals based on togetherness, inclusive attitude, respect and mutual understanding related to performing certain rituals and doctrins of each religions. The variety of typologies of interfaith relations, such as exclusivism, inclusivisme, pluralism, ect., are commonly formulated to bring these diversities into further step of harmonious religious dialogues. This article reminds us that our comprehension and implementation of religious doctrines should not stop in the claim of exclucivism (“I”) which culminate in realizing personal relationship with God ( solitary ), nor in the claim of inclusivism (“You”) with its concern with recruiting theological and ideological allies ( solidarity ), but also in the openness (“We”) where our religious comprehension of human values get emphasized ( humanist-functional ). In addition, all parties should suspend such a judgment as theological or ideological one directed to other religious community. This is a kind of phenomenological epoche we need to take if we wish to put religious tolerance into practice and not let it stay only on discourse level

Gli epistolari cristiani dei primi cinque secoli e il trasformarsi delle lettere

The immense wealth of Greek and Latin Christian epistolography shows that in the first five centuries, the type of the letter reflects particularly the numerous topics in which theological and doctrinal issues, ecclesial and liturgical matters, and moral and social developmental questions are addressed. The epistolary genre increasingly becomes richer and more diversified as each letter bears witness to the faith and culture of its author. The pedagogical purpose remains dominant while the contents reflect the many issues and problems that concern both the sender and receiver in matters of doctrine, the Church, and the reality of social life. The line of argument and style indicate at the same time the author’s culture and heritage as received from the classical tradition.

Social Creativity in Olympic Medal Counts: Observing the Expression of Ethnocentric Fairness

Although fairness rules provide a basis for conflict resolution, social and psychological processes can lead people to use these rules flexibly to allow their own groups to compare favorably relative to other groups. In two studies, we examined the expression of such ethnocentric fairness in the context of the Olympic Games. Participants rated the fairness of different methods of determining relative rankings of countries’ performances. Results showed that participants used fairness rules flexibly in ways likely to enhance the relative standing of their own country. Thus, even in this context of normative intergroup harmony, fairness rules can be a basis for intergroup conflict. We conclude that fairness rules are best understood as dynamic constructions reflecting the realities of social life and identity-related processes involved in negotiating that social life.

Vulnerabilities and Social Responsibility in India: Possibilities, Opportunities and Limits

India’s economic growth post liberalisation has seen tremendous increase. At the same time, the polarisation of Indian society on economic and social parameters has never been sharper. The inability of vast sections of Indian society to take advantage of the economic opportunities on account of their multiple vulnerabilities has developed a context within which poverty and hunger are likely to become the norm rather than exception. The present paper argues that the CSR efforts of the corporate are likely to remain cosmetic in nature unless there is a focus and definite direction to these initiatives. While the prevailing texture and flavour of CSR in India is heavily influenced by CSR in the West, the CSR in India will have to be rooted in the realities of social life and deal with issues of vulnerabilities and marginalisation.

Social Freedom and Commitment

Much of feminist theory takes issue with traditional, liberal theories of consent and obligation. Though none have proposed abandoning obligation outright, there has been a general shift among feminists towards a responsibility paradigm. Responsibility models acknowledge given relationships and interdependence, and so posit responsibilities as given, regardless of whether they are voluntary. But in theories that take freedom as a principal value, a move from a socially unembedded voluntarism to socially embedded responsibility leaves something missing. Constructive accounts of and prescriptions for freedom must consider the reality of social life; yet acknowledging that relations are given need not require subordinating the role of voluntarism and consent in most relationships. In this paper I offer a commitment framework that seeks to supplant obligation while also reconciling relational given-ness and voluntarism. I propose an analysis of commitment that takes relations as the starting point and then show how the concept can: 1. guide actions 2. account for responsibilities 3. enhance freedom and 4. avoid a large share of coercive forces that are believed as necessary for reinforcing obligation and responsibility fulfillment.

Взаимовлияние глобального кризиса и общественно-политической мысли

The relative weakness of the modern social and political thought is especially visible against the background of the global economic crisis and historical changes in the world. We see a trampling on outdated ideological and historical positions, as well as a lack of the ability to produce a generalized vision of the new trends and realities of social life, correctly assessing their meaning, direction, possible consequence. Most importantly, there is a failure to offer an adequate practical political vector of actions. The definition of the post-reform model of social and political system remains an urgent problem for Russia as well. Academic thought must provide political and economic practice by adequate indicators enabling to evaluate spiritual, moral and physical health of the society, efficiency of the governmental apparatus, the quality and professionalism of managers.

Core Research Traditions Within Language and Social Interaction

Research undertaken by members of the Language and Social Interaction Division of the ICA addresses diverse topics, often topics of interest to scholars in other divisions as well. But it is not the topics that particular studies address that distinguish and coalesce work in language and social interaction (LSI); it is what these studies contribute directly or indirectly to helping us understand. Work within the core traditions of LSI research gives primary emphasis to the discursive practices through which persons construct or produce the realities of social life (e.g., action, relationship, community, identity, conflict or cooperation, organization, power). And a further, more basic, commonality underlying work in LSI is that it contributes to our understanding of what persons do, on what basis, to produce socially meaningful action and achieve (or fail to achieve) mutual understanding. Following an initial overview of LSI research and its main traditions in these basic terms, this essay gives more detailed attention to the goals, methods, and topics in the two most populous areas of LSI research: the ethnography of speaking and conversation analysis.

On the Vincas Trumpa model of 19th century Lithuanian history

The present paper continues discussion on Vincas Trumpa, which started some time ago in the cultural journal „Baltos lankos." I should admit that in my previous publication the difference between historic and retrospective approaches and their principles was not stated enough. It seems that the principles of the historical approach require no comments. I have had in mind that what concerns retrospection, while using the nation, attempts to model the past on the basis of contemporary society, its values included. No doubt, the idea of an independent, national Lithuanian state became a reality of social life at the end of the 19th century; however, the interpretation of 19th century Lithuanian history from the retrospective viewpoint seems to be debatable. I have called the approach „national" in the wide sense, though I have no doubts about the liberal position of my opponents.

THE INFLUENCE OF VIOLENCE IN THE MASS MEDIA UPON CHILDREN'S ROLE EXPECTATIONS1

With the arrival of television upon the social scene, there has been a renewal of widespread concern that the prevalence of violent themes in the dramatic presentations featured by the mass media may have harmful effects on the audience, especially the child audience. This concern had earlier focused on violent presentations in radio and in movies, and it has been expressed in countless articles and discussions in the popular press and even in the conduct of a legislative investigation of the entertainment industry. Among professional workers, discussions of the possible effects of violence in the mass media have centered on the effects upon children's emotional development-upon anxiety, fears, aggressive motivation, etc. Recent experimental research has not confirmed hypotheses derived from this approach. Much less attention, however, has been given to the possible influence of violence in the mass media upon what may be called children's cognitive development, which includes their conceptual learning of the realities of social life. It is with that possible influence that the present paper is concerned. Language: en

The Public Service and the Professional Social Scientist

scientists should participate in the public service and the effect of such participation on the quality of the service. Relatively little has been said as to the influence of the public service on the social scientist. It is true, there have been newspaper comments from time to time concerning the necessity of maintaining a spirit of academic detachment or a contact with the realities of social life, but for the most part these comments have been offhand; and there has been little attention given to systematic reflection on the subject. It is proposed, therefore, to consider some of the consequences for the social scientist himself of active participation in the federal, state, and local civil service. The question, briefly put, may be stated, what does the public service do for the social scientist?