Real Mode Research Articles

Reliability indicators of stabilizing devices in the agriculture electrical supply system

The article discusses the issues of reliability indicators of a voltage stabilizer built based on non-contact switching of a boost transformer and an autotransformer used for domestic consumers. The probability of uptime, which depends on the real mode of functional units and elements, is considered. The stabilizer equivalent circuit is given for calculating the reliability indicators taking into account the power unit and control. The failure rate of elements is specified taking into account correction factors. The schedule of uptime depending on the power and the failure rate and the probability of failure of the elements of the voltage regulator.

An optimal sensor placement strategy for reliable expansion of mode shapes under measurement noise and modelling error

Modal expansion techniques are typically used to expand the experimental modal displacements at sensor positions to all unmeasured degrees of freedom. Since in most cases, sensors can be attached only at limited locations in a structure, an expansion is essential to determine mode shapes, strains, stresses, etc. throughout the structure which can be used for structural health monitoring. Conventional sensor placement algorithms are mostly aimed to make the modal displacements at sensor positions of different modes as linearly independent as possible. However, under the presence of modelling errors and measurement noise, an optimal location based on this criterion is not guaranteed to provide an expanded mode shape which is close to the real mode shape. In this work, the expected value of normal distance between the real mode shape and the expanded mode shape is used as a measure of closeness between the two entities. Optimal sensor locations can be determined by minimizing this distance. This new criterion is applied on a simple cantilever beam and an industrial milling tower. In both cases, by using an exhaustive search of all possible sensor configurations it was possible to find sensor locations which resulted in a significant reduction in the distance when compared to a conventional optimal sensor placement strategy. Sufficiently accurate sub-optimal sequential sensor placement algorithm is also suggested as an alternative to the exhaustive search which is then compared with a genetic algorithm-based search. The efficiency of this new sensor placement criterion is further verified using Monte Carlo simulations for some realistic modelling error conditions.

Which are the key factors influencing real estate development mode? Empirical analysis based on a group of data from china

According to the profitability evolution of real estate development projects, it is necessary and meaningful to conduct an analysis of the development mode of the real estate using some quantitative and empirical methods. To achieve this goal, a full-cycle index model (FCIM) of real estate development and construction investment is used to generate a series of data at first, which includes 40 samples (key factors) with their internal rate of return (IRR) of what as the output and 38 influencing factors as the input. In addition, three strategies (i.e., correlation, representativeness of dimensions and bottom of factors) are applied to filter the sample data and thus getting 10 key influencing factors of the IRR. Then, a regression model that treats IRR as the output and key influencing factors as the input is constructed to determine the weights of these factors. Finally, multiple combinations of factors with higher weights are considered to lead to the innovation basis for the real estate development mode. In conclusion, three factors have the strongest impacts on IRR: land transfer fee, sales promotion, and stamp tax and three development modes referring to different real estate enterprises are summarized, which are L&H Mode, L&P Mode, and H&B Mode.

A Modal Parameter Identification Method Based on Improved Covariance-Driven Stochastic Subspace Identification

Abstract For the quantitative dynamic analysis of aero gas turbines, accurate modal parameters must be identified. However, the complicated structure of thin-walled casings may cause false mode identification and mode absences if conventional methods are used, which makes it more difficult to identify the modal parameters. A modal parameter identification method based on improved covariance-driven stochastic subspace identification (covariance-driven SSI) is proposed. The ability to reduce the number of mode absences and the solving stability are improved by a covariance matrix dimension control method. Meanwhile, the number of false mode identification is reduced via a false mode elimination method. In addition, the real mode complementation and the excitation frequency mode screening can be realized by a multispeed excitation method. The numerical results of a typical rotor model and measured data of an aero gas turbine validated the proposed method.

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): New Discoveries and Current Challenges

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has today multiplied globally and various governments are attempting to stop the outbreak of the disease escalation into a worldwide health crisis. At this juncture, readiness, candor, clarity, and partaking of data are of paramount importance to speed up factual evaluation and starting pattern control activities, including serendipitous findings. Owing to the involvement of COVID-19, many facts regarding virulence, pathogenesis, and the real viral infection source and/or transmission mode still need to be addressed. The infected patients often present clinical symptoms with fever, dyspnea, fatigue, diarrhea, vomiting, and dry cough, as well as pulmonary, infiltrates on imaging. Extensive measures to decrease person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 are being implemented to prevent, recognize, and control the current outbreak as it is very similar to SARS-CoV in its clinical spectrum, epidemiology, and pathogenicity. In response to this fatal disease and disruptive outbreak, it is extremely vital to expedite the drug development process to treat the disease and vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19 that would help us defeat this pandemic expeditiously. This paper sums up and unifies the study of virological aspects, disease transmission, clinically administered techniques, therapeutics options, managements, future directions, designing of vaccines, and news dissemination pertaining to COVID-19.

Joint optimization of production and maintenance for multi-machines subject to degradation and subcontracting constraints

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider various possible constraints of the problem of production and maintenance planning control for a multi-machine under subcontracting constraint, in order to bring the manufacturer industry closer to real mode. In this paper, we present an efficient and feasible optimal solution, by comparing optimization procedures.Design/methodology/approachOur manufacturing system is composed of parallel machines producing a single product, to satisfy a random demand under a given service level. In fact, the demand is greater than the total capacity of the set of machines; hence there rises a necessity of subcontracting to complete the missing demand. In addition, we consider that the unit cost of subcontracting is a variable depending on the quantity subcontracted. As a result, we have developed a stochastic optimal control model. Then, to solve the problem we compared three optimization methods: (exact/approximate), the genetic algorithm (GA), the Pattern Search (PS) and finally fmincon. Thus, we validate our approach via a numerical example and a sensitivity analysis.FindingsThis paper defines an internal production plan, a subcontracting plan and an optimal maintenance strategy. The optimal solution presented in this paper significantly improves the ability of the decision maker to consider larger instances of the integrated model. In addition, the decision maker can answer the following question: Which is the most optimal subcontractor to choose?Practical implicationsThe approach developed deals with the case of the real-mode manufacturing industry, taking into consideration different constraints and determining decision variables which allow it to expand the profits of the manufacturing industry in different domains such as automotive, aeronautics, textile and pharmacies.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the few documents dealing with the integrated maintenance in subcontracting constraint production which considers the complex aspect of the multi-machine manufacturing industry. We also dealt with the stochastic aspect of demand and failures. Then, we covered the impact of the unit cost variation of subcontracting on the total cost. Finally, we shed light on a comparison between three optimization methods in order to arrive at the most optimal solution.

Monitoring of technological processes and assessment of technical condition of pumping units

Remote monitoring of pumping equipment operation in real mode is being widely introduced at oil and gas industry enterprises. The controllers applied in this process enable preventing progressive destruction of equipment and emergency failures and implementing automatic control of machines’ operation. The actual data collected by these controllers is transferred to the company’s servers and makes it possible to effectively set and address various tasks on equipment maintenance. However, there is still insufficient number of applications to address the problems of pumping equipment operation. The presented paper is aimed at resource efficient operation of equipment by obtaining the information on both actual and predicted technical state of the equipment in real-time mode. The main performance characteristics of a pump deteriorate in the process of its operation, followed by an increase in specific power consumption for injection (with the reservoir properties unchanged). Economic losses due to pump’s wear and tear are determined by the price of electricity and the cost of overhauling. Implementation of the designed monitoring system will make it possible to automatically decide whether further operation of the pump is unprofitable and if it needs to be overhauled. Based on the analysis of the trend of monthly unit costs, the pumping unit will be timely removed for major overhaul when the trend reaches its minimum, which shall provide an average annual economic benefit up to 4,000,000 rubles per pumping unit.

Surface profiling of the underground infrastructure in the technology of IT platforms - Part II

The article is devoted to one of main elements of the technology of IT PLATFORMS, i.e. VIRTUAL PROFILING of the underground infrastructure. Implementing of this technology to the wide scale can very much change investment and administrative processes. This section presents information on the technology of SURFACE UNDERGROUND INFRASTRUCTURE using VIRTUAL REALITY 3D. This technology is extremely useful for interactive support of investment processes. It can be useful for effective engineering work associated with interactive remote visualization in real mode. Keywords: IT platform; Virtual profiling; Underground infrastructure

ANALYSIS OF METHODS OF GEODETIC MONITORING OF DEFORMATIONS OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURES AND LANDSLIDE PROCESSES OF SOIL MASS

There are two main directions: monitoring of deformations of engineering structures and soil mass. It describes the traditional methods of monitoring of deformations of engineering structures and soil mass. The presented is method of monitoring the landslide processes – Inclinometry. A comparative table of methods has been created according to the main criteria, such as: method (basic methods for performing geodetic monitoring of deformations), devices (necessary instruments for performing geodetic work), monitoring object (objects on which geodetic monitoring of deformations can be performed), deformations (main types are presented altitude and planned deformed position of the object), accuracy (given the accuracy of shooting work), the ability to obtain results remotely in real mode. At present, the form for submitting the results of geodetic monitoring is divided into numerical (creation of coordinate elevation information, etc. ...) and graphic (creation of graphs, profiles, system of vectors and deformation models). The following methods of monitoring deformation in specific conditions of such as, development of quarries, architectural memorials, car and railways roads, tunnels, runways and so on. The analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of possible combination of methods monitoring of deformations with a purpose to increase the information, accuracy and versatility.

Two-phase SSU and SKAT in genetic association studies

The sum of squared score (SSU) and sequence kernel association test (SKAT) are the two good alternative tests for genetic association studies in case-control data. Both SSU and SKAT are derived through assuming a dose-response model between the risk of disease and genotypes. However, in practice, the real genetic mode of inheritance is impossible to know. Thus, these two tests might losepower substantially as shown in simulation results when the genetic model is misspecified. Here, to make both the tests suitable in broad situations, we propose two-phase SSU (tpSSU) and two-phase SKAT (tpSKAT), where the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test is adopted to choose the genetic model in the first phase and the SSU and SKAT are constructed corresponding to the selected genetic model in the second phase. We found that both tpSSU and tpSKAT outperformed the original SSU and SKAT in most of our simulation scenarios. Byapplying tpSSU and tpSKAT to the study of type 2 diabetes data, we successfully identified some genes that have direct effects on obesity. Besides, we also detected the significant chromosomal region 10q21.22 in GAW16 rheumatoid arthritis dataset, with P<10-6. These findings suggest that tpSSU and tpSKAT can be effective in identifying genetic variants for complex diseases in case-control association studies.

A Modal Perturbation Method for Eigenvalue Problem of Non-Proportionally Damped System

The non-proportionally damped system is very common in practical engineering structures. The dynamic equations for these systems, in which the damping matrices are coupled, are very time consuming to solve. In this paper, a modal perturbation method is proposed, which only requires the first few lower real mode shapes of a corresponding undamped system to obtain the complex mode shapes of non-proportionally damped system. In this method, an equivalent proportionally damped system is constructed by taking the real mode shapes of a corresponding undamped system and then transforming the characteristic equation of state space into a set of nonlinear algebraic equations by using the vibration modes of an equivalent proportionally damped system. Two numerical examples are used to illustrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed modal perturbation method. The numerical results show that: (1) with the increase of vibration modes of the corresponding undamped system, the eigenvalues and eigenvectors monotonically converge to exact solutions; (2) the accuracy of the proposed method is significantly higher than the first-order perturbation method and proportional damping method. The calculation time of the proposed method is shorter than the state space method; (3) the method is particularly suitable for finding a few individual orders of frequency and mode of a system with highly non-proportional damping.

Real Scene Pickup Method of Elemental Image Array Based on Convergent Camera Array

Limited available methods for the generation of an elemental image array (EIA) may be the most severe bottleneck for the promotion and application of integral imaging. To obtain rich information of three dimensional (3D) real scene at a relatively low cost, and solve the pseudoscopic problem in real display mode, we propose an EIA generation method based on convergent camera array through establishing the optical mapping model between the proposed method and the classical computer virtual generation method. We expound the basic principle of solving the pseudoscopic problem by changing the relative position of object and center of the convergent camera array in this paper. The experimental results indicate that the generated EIA can be displayed without the pseudoscopic problem in real display mode, relative position relationships of the objects in 3D real scene can also be accurately restored. Both preliminary optical experiments and the optical analysis are conducted to prove the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.

Оценка действий экипажа воздушного судна на основе модели рисков человеческого фактора

Presented is a human factor risk model when piloting an aircraft. This model is based on comparing representations of the evaluated crew actions with the comparable action representations of various types and performance quality, which form a representative sample and are contained in a pre-formed specialized database. The risk in question is represented by probabilistic estimates, which result from consistent applications of the Principal Component Analysis, Multidimensional Scaling, and Cluster Analysis to three types of characteristics, viz.: parameters of flights and states of aircraft systems, gaze movement trajectories and time series of oculomotor activity primary indexes. These steps form the clusters of flight fragments for various types and performance quality, including abnormal ones. The Discriminant Analysis provides calculating the probabilistic profile for belonging to certain target clusters, with a final conclusion being derived from this structure. Key elements of the approach presented are three new metrics used to compare crew actions and to ensure significant discrimination for flight fragments of various types and performance quality. Detailing flight parameters contributions in differences of the flight fragments in a given metric is carried out to provide meaningful analysis of the detected abnormality causes. With sufficient computational performance, the flight data analysis under consideration can be implemented in real time automatic mode.

Prospects for the Development of Renewable Energy in the Crimean Peninsula

Крымский полуостров сегодня – флагман развития возобновляемой энергетики, поскольку является не только активно развивающимся регионом, но и курортным центром. Энергетический комплекс Крымского полуострова за последние годы увеличился благодаря строительству новых электрических станций (Балаклавской ТЭС и Таврической ТЭС) суммарной мощностью 940 МВт, а также строительству новых ЛЭП 220 и 330 кВ, что обеспечило покрытие дефицита энергоснабжения полуострова. Произведен обзор регионального развития и использования возобновляемых источников энергии. На основании полученных данных проведен анализ проблем и перспектив развития возобновляемой энергетики в регионе.Развитие возобновляемых источников энергии (ВИЭ) для Крымского полуострова играет важную роль в целях достижения экологической безопасности и развития экономического потенциала региона. Обосновано приоритетное использования ВИЭ в регионе, а также решение возникающих проблем при увеличении доли ВИЭ в составе суммарной генерации. Появление избытка электроэнергии в энергосистеме и наличие возможности балансирования вырабатываемой мощности ВИЭ и тепловых электростанций ведет к снижению стоимости электроэнергии. Инвестиционная привлекательность и активный рост населения в регионе обусловливает увеличение генерирующей мощности и увеличение маневренности энергосистемы при существенном влиянии возобновляемых источников энергии. Эффективность работы ВИЭ в энергосистеме, мировой опыт управления генерацией ВИЭ, фактическое влияние ВИЭ на энергосистему в условиях дефицита электроэнергии, прогнозные графики работы солнечных электростанций (СЭС) ВЭС, предоставляемые субъектами электроэнергетики в установленном порядке, учитываются при формировании диспетчерского графика.Существующий опыт действующих СЭС в энергосистеме Республики Крым и г. Севастополя требует дополнительных исследований, в том числе путем проведения натурных испытаний генерирующего оборудования. Дальнейшие натурные испытания должны проводиться в условиях реального электроэнергетического режима работы энергосистемы, для чего требуется внедрение современных информационных технологий, обеспечивающих обмен технологической информацией и реализацию соответствующих управляющих воздействий. Ведется работа по созданию нормативной базы регулирования работы ВИЭ.

The Time-Space Dimension in mass and multifigure scenes of “Manon Lescaut” by G. Puccini

The Time-Space Dimension in mass and multifigure scenes of “Manon Lescaut” by G. Puccini

On the formation of complex modes in non-proportionally damped systems

In the classical studies of non-proportionally damped systems, the resulting complex modal parameters are obtained by solving the generalized eigenvalue problem. In the present study, we propose a unique method to obtain complex modes for discrete and continuous systems. Based on a wave analogy, the difference between a complex mode and a real normal mode is represented by the summation of patterns that propagate from the boundaries. Owing to the spatial non-proportionality of the damping, these patterns undergo changes at a damping intersection. The governing equation for this phenomenon is expressed by Snell's law. We show that, in a similar manner to the refractive index for the medium in which light waves travel, a damping field index can be conceived for individual damping regions, such that they may be scaled against the damping field index of the undamped region, which is assumed to be unity. However, unlike the refractive index, we show that the damping field index is dependent on the spatial distribution of damping. The procedure for obtaining the complex modes is illustrated based on a plate structure with simply supported boundary conditions. The practical applications of the proposed approach and its limitations are discussed based on numerical examples.

High-speed integral image object-order rendering method based on reverse perspective technique and optical reconstruction

A novel high-speed integral image object-order rendering method based on reverse perspective technique is proposed. It can easily eliminate the pseudoscopic problem when integral image is worked on real mode. Optical reconstruction with 90 × 90 viewpoints is demonstrated. There is no any information redundancy during the rendering process. The good compatibility for common rasterization 3D models is other feature of our method by use of standard graphic library. The rendering efficiency of our method is improved by 10–30 times comparing with traditional non real-time rendering methods.

Exact diagonal representation of normal mode energy, occupation number, and heat current for phonon-dominated thermal transport

Collective excitations of crystal vibrations or normal modes are customarily described using complex normal mode coordinates. While appropriate for calculating phonon dispersion, the mixed representation involving the complex conjugates does not allow the construction of equivalent phonon occupation number or modal dynamical quantities such as the energy or heat current specific to a wave-vector direction (q). Starting from a canonical solution that includes waves going to the left and right directions, we cast the Hamiltonian, normal mode population, and heat current in an exactly diagonalizable representation using real normal mode amplitudes. We show that the use of real amplitudes obviates the need for a complex modal heat current while making the passage to second quantization more apparent. Using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, we then compute the net modal energy, heat current, and equivalent phonon population in a linear lattice subjected to a thermal gradient. Our analysis paves a tractable path for probing and computing the direction-dependent thermal-phononic modal properties of dielectric lattices using atomistic simulations.

Hierarchical fuzzy situational networks for online decision-making: Application to telecommunication systems

The paper considers a new approach to online decision-making in telecommunication systems based on applying hierarchical fuzzy situational networks. This approach allows one to make efficient decisions in the conditions of dynamically changing external factors. Mathematical foundations for creation and application of hierarchical fuzzy situational networks to implement the fuzzy logical inference in telecommunication networks are presented. As a case study for implementation of the offered methods the problem of alternative multipath routing is analyzed. The architecture of the online decision-making system, based on hierarchical fuzzy situational networks and oriented on its multi-agent implementation, is considered. The generalized online decision-making system functioning algorithm is developed. The architecture of an intelligent agent of the online decision-making system is shown. The assessment of efficiency for the approach to construction of online decision-making systems demonstrates its benefits in comparison with the known probabilistic methods of decision-making in telecommunication networks. It also proves a possibility of functioning of the offered online decision-making system in a real or near real mode.

Analysis and forecast spatiotemporal distribution of thunderstorms and hail the territory of Belarus

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of ensuring the safety of aircraft during take-off and landing. Thunderstorm and hail is one of the most dangerous meteorological phenomena in aviation. To prevent accidents associated with these phenomena, it is necessary to clearly understand the patterns of their occurrence and spatial distribution. In connection with the rapid growth of passenger and cargo traffic, it is necessary to be able to receive and provide actual meteorological information in real mode, as well as to be able to receive high-quality and timely weather forecast. To study the spatial-temporal patterns of the distribution of thunderstorms and hail, Belgidromet’s meteorological instrumental data for 1989–2016 was processed, synoptic maps were analyzed in comparison with calculated forecasts, including WRF, and maps were made using ArcGIS.