Razumkov Center Research Articles

WAR AS A FACTOR OF TRANSFORMATION IN PUBLIC CONSCIOUSNESS OF UKRAINIANS

The purpose of the study was to identify transformations in the public consciousness of Ukrainians caused by Russian aggression, primarily its impact on their awareness of their own identity, the components of which are historical memory, self-definition in relation to one's own country and people, relations with other peoples and countries, basic values, on which social life is based. Methodology. An idea about the nature and depth of these transformations can be based on the analysis of empirical data, including the content of mass media and social networks. However, the most relevant in this sense are the data of sociological studies, which allow us to see the mentioned processes in dynamics, and therefore to draw conclusions about the presence of certain trends and formulate certain forecasts based on them. The article analyzes the results of sociological research conducted in August - September 2022 by the Democratic Initiatives Foundation, the sociological service of the Razumkov Center, and the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology. Results. They witnessed significant changes in the attitude of Ukrainians, in particular, to the historical past, iconic historical figures and recently influential non-state institutions. On a number of issues, traditional differences in assessments between residents of central and western Ukraine, on the one hand, and eastern and southern Ukraine, on the other, are observed. At the same time, the factors contributing to the unification of Ukrainian citizens around common values, such as state independence, Ukrainian citizenship, and the native country as a place where a person sees his future, have been identified. A certain consensus was also found regarding who is responsible for the war waged against Ukraine, and the nature of future relations with Russia and the Russian people.

СТАН РИНКУ ПРАЦІ ТА МОТИВАЦІЯ ПЕРСОНАЛУ В УКРАЇНІ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

In the article, the current state of the labor market in Ukraine and employee motivation are analyzed, existing problems regarding these issues are identified, and ways to address them are outlined. Materials prepared by the Razumkov Center, administrative data from the State Employment Service, data from recruitment agencies and job search resources, as well as information from the European Business Association, and the results of surveys of HR specialists from various sectors of the country's economy were used for the analysis of the Ukrainian labor market in wartime conditions. Based on the works of Kolot A.M., Nazarova G.V., and others, the practical significance of increasing work motivation in crisis conditions is revealed. The interest of scholars and researchers in the chosen topic confirms its relevance and the need for further analysis. The following methods were used for the analysis of the labor market and work motivation: mass statistical observation, comparative and abstract-logical methods to formulate conclusions and proposals. As a result of the research, the authors concluded that the labor market in Ukraine has undergone significant influences in wartime conditions, significantly altering its structure and dynamics. Currently, it is characterized by the following specific features: instability and uncertainty, rising unemployment, changes in the sectoral structure, mass migration of labor force from Ukraine abroad, increased demand due to military needs for specialists in defense and medical fields, etc. Identifying current problems in the Ukrainian labor market allows identifying ways to stabilize it, including rapid restoration of destroyed objects, creation of new jobs, providing support to the unemployed and displaced persons, as well as implementing retraining, qualification improvement programs and work motivation to ensure population adaptation to changed conditions. Measures to stabilize the labor market and increase work motivation in wartime conditions are of great importance both for the effectiveness of solving military tasks and for supporting stability and development in all areas of the country's life.

U.S. SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRATIC VALUES IN UKRAINE: THE INSTITUTIONAL DIMENSION

The purpose of this article is to analyze the role of U.S. governmental and non-governmental institutions in supporting democratic values in Ukraine following Russia’s full-scale invasion in 2022. It examines how American assistance has contributed to preserving Ukraine’s democratic governance, sovereignty, and political freedoms during the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict (war). The article also provides an overview of key U.S. institutions and organizations that have actively supported Ukraine’s democratic aspirations through financial aid, technical assistance, and institutional reforms. The methodological basis of the study includes a thorough review of publications from the websites of relevant organizations and agencies, official reports and news for 2022–2024. The research also draws on analytical works from prominent U.S. think tanks, including the Brookings Institution and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, alongside data from surveys conducted by the National Democratic Institute and Razumkov Center. Comparative analysis and case studies are used to assess the feasibility of U.S. support in areas like anti-corruption initiatives, civil society development, and local governance reforms. The scientific novelty of the article lies in its holistic approach to understanding the diverse dimensions of U.S. support for democratic values in Ukraine. Unlike previous studies, which focus on specific aspects of U.S.–Ukraine cooperation, this research presents a comprehensive examination of how American institutions, including the U.S. Department of State, USAID, the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) etc. are making efforts to strengthen democracy in Ukraine during the war. The author concludes that U.S. assistance is important for Ukraine’s democratic foundations. However, it has not yet addressed such problems as the decline in Ukrainians’ trust in government institutions, which underscores the need for continued efforts to increase transparency, anti-corruption measures, and accountability to bring Ukraine closer to European standards in the long run.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE UKRAINIANS’ PUBLIC OPINION REGARDING DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN POLITICAL PROCESSES OF THE COUNTRY

Objective of the article is to investigate the transformation of public opinion of Ukrainians regarding the domestic and foreign political processes of the country by comparing sociological surveys on the attitude of Ukrainian citizens to various politicians and states. Methods. The main scientific results are obtained by analyzing the statistical data of surveys of various sociological institutes in the period from 2011 to 2022, based on the survey data conducted by the sociological service of the Razumkov Center together with the Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation, Forbes magazine. Results. Considering that the process of European integration of Ukraine takes place in rather difficult conditions of the struggle for independence, the purpose of the study is to transform the public opinion of Ukrainians regarding the country’s domestic and foreign political processes by comparing sociological surveys on the attitude of Ukrainian citizens to various politicians and states. In the process of analyzing the results of polls from different years, it is found that the main criterion for the attitude of Ukrainians towards foreign countries, politicians and international organizations is their support for Ukraine in the fight against the aggressor. The leader country that most supports Ukrainians in various fields is Poland, however, among personal preferences, the President of Poland takes an honorable second place after Boris Johnson. This indicates that the interdependence “country – aid – individual” is not always the same, that is, the human qualities of specific individuals, their statements and activities have a greater influence on the formation of the rating of Ukrainian society’s preferences. Despite everything, the analyzed data indicate that defense and preservation of the integrity of the state are vitally important for Ukrainians at the moment. At the same time, the change in attitude towards many countries during the entire period of aggression since 2014 is noticeable. In the future, we have in mind to investigate the level of trust of Ukrainians in international organizations that passively reacted to the environmental and humanitarian disaster after the terrorists blew up the Kakhovska hydroelectric power station.

ETHICAL PROBLEMS OF USING PUSH-POLLS IN MARKETING RESEARCH IN THE POLITICAL MARKET

Thepurpose of political marketing research is to measure the electoral sentiments of voters, which are formed in the process of using various tools of influence. Critical from the ethical point of view of conducting marketing research in the political marketis their use as a tool to influence the consciousness and electoral mood of voters. Under the current conditions of marketing development, researching the needs of consumers, competitors, and macroenvironmental factors is extremely important for further planning of the company's activities. Marketing research, in addition to the fact that it should help in making effective management decisions, can be used by unscrupulous customers for various manipulations. For example, in the conditions of the industrialgoods market, such manipulations are practically unreal, because each of the participants systematically makes purchasing decisions and is very well acquainted with both the market participants and the technical and functional characteristics of the goodsthat are the subject of procurement. In the political market, the "purchase of goods" is carried out regularly, but with large time intervals (once every 4 or 5 years), which, given the unformed political culture, creates extremely favorable conditions for the use of various manipulations and technologies to influence the voter (consumer of political goods).The main methods of the conducted research are the analysis, generalization and processing of information obtained as a result of sociological research conducted by the Batkivshchyna party, the sociological company Rating, the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology, and the Razumkov Center. The method of correlation analysis was also used to identify the relationship between the poll results and the actual voting results. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the use of manipulative technologies in the process of conducting marketing political research in the conditions of the pre-election process is ineffective and difficult to predict from the point of view of the final result. Thus, it can be argued that the Ukrainian voter is influenced by a complex of marketing and technological means and techniques, and individual efforts do not bring the desired result

To be or not to be is not a matter of compromise

To be or not to be is not a matter of compromise

Teoretical aspects of the organizational and economic mechanism of eurointegration of enterprises of the national economy under conditions of uncertainty

The article analyzes the aspects of the organizational and economic mechanism of European integration in the conditions that preceded the war with russia in 2022, which were already developed in terms of legislation and the organizational, and economic aspect that would allow for the gradual implementation of the European integration of national enterprises and companies on parity for us and European foundations conditions. And it is possible to note that although the vector of the EU direction in Ukraine was formed after the events of the 2014 revolution, in practical terms, according to the researches of the Razumkov Center’s for the period 2017–2019, these processes were very slowly, and the scientists of the indicated center noted in their report, that according to the annual reports of the Government, in 2017 overall implementation progress was estimated at 41%. In 2018 the situation with the implementation of the Agreement improved somewhat – the level of execution of the planned tasks was 52%. However, in 2019 a slowdown was observed – 37%. Moreover, the Government fulfilled 53% of the tasks, the Parliament – 12%, other state bodies – 21%. The article shows that before the war of 2022, taking into account the global crisis of the Covid-19 pandemic, the level of import of goods from Ukraine has significantly decreased, and according to the experts of the research center regarding the second priority – the liberalization of the European markets for domestic enterprises, the scientists emphasize that this process is very slow, and they note that companies should export not raw materials but goods with added value, in order to improve the dynamics of production of the national economy. This issue of the national economy is also relevant for 2023, when instead of exporting raw materials, we should export value-added products to develop Ukraine's economy, which will help to solve the issue of regional economies development, reducing the unemployment rate, and replenishing the revenue part of the budget. Military events should not prevent and will even accelerate the process of European integration of national enterprises into the EU, as evidenced by the fact that Ukraine is a candidate for EU membership from June 23, 2022. Therefore, there is an urgent research and possible creation of modern scientific approaches in the organizational and economic mechanism of European integration approaches for modern national enterprises and companies.

MIGRATION PROCESSES AND UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE FUNCTIONING

Objective. The objective of the article is to analyze the migration processes of Ukrainians and their influence on the development and functioning of the language. Methods. The main scientific results are obtained by analyzing the statistical data of surveys of various sociological institutes in the period from 2011 to 2022, based on the survey data conducted by the sociological service of the Razumkov Center together with the Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation. Results. The issue of migration of Ukrainians is constantly in the scope of interest of scientists, because migration processes affect various spheres of society’s life. Socio-political changes in the country have a two-pronged nature: on the one hand, Ukrainians got the opportunity to cross the border without a visa, on the other hand, this also simplified the employment process. Now it is enough to cross the border and spend money on a visa, and you can already look for a job in Europe without intermediary agencies. The outflow of the working-age population has a negative impact on the economy of Ukraine, wage earners do not pay taxes and spend their money in European countries instead of investing in their own economy. In the process of researching migration flows of Ukrainians over a rather long period since 2011. by 2022, it is found that their vector affects the functioning of the Ukrainian language. It is determined that the highest demand and recognition of the Ukrainian language as a native language falls on the periods associated with the growth of the percentage of migrants in 2014 and 2022. After the full-scale invasion, Ukrainians prefer those countries that are culturally close to Ukrainian culture, where the language is as similar as possible — Poland, the Czech Republic, and where, accordingly, it is already possible to be in labor migration. It is also indicative that migration processes have affected the global status of the Ukrainian language, because the number of people wishing to learn the language of the world’s strongest nation has increased.

ОЦІНКА ДЕМОГРАФІЧНИХ ВТРАТ УКРАЇНИ ВНАСЛІДОК РОСІЙСЬКО-УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ВІЙНИ

The final assessment ofwar losses may not be available until some time after the end of the war, but this does not mean that any interim assessment is meaningless. Ukraine's losses from the war are not only losses of infrastructure, movable or immovable property destroyed as aresult of hostilities. After all, the infrastructure can be restored, houses and factories can be rebuilt. The most valuable losses from war are the losses of people who give their lives for their land. Often these are losses of people of working, reproductive age, which gives reason to say that these are losses of human capital.Often these are losses of people of working, reproductive age, which gives reason to say that these are losses of human capital. The difficulty in estimating such losses lies in the fact that official information is not published. Only some fragments of information are sometimes voiced by state officials.Methods: The main methods of the conducted research are the analysis, synthesis, and processing of information obtained as a result of sociological research conducted by the Razumkov Center, Gradus Research Company, EWL Migration Platform, EWL Migrant Support Fund on the Labor Market, and the Center for East European Studies of the University of Warsaw.Results: We can identify themain reasons for the loss of the population of Ukraine: 1. The first reason for the reduction of the population is high mortality during the war and the increase in mortality in the post-war period due to injuries and wounds received in the war, as well asdue to experienced stresses and psychological problems. 2. Decreasing birth rate due to the effects of war and likely decreasing birth rate due to fewer women of reproductive age. 3. "Aging" of the population. 4. Loss of territory. 5. Migration factor. 6.Deportation.Discussion: Instead, in addition to losses, Ukraine received international recognition and international subjectivity, increased national self-awareness of citizens, complete derussification of society, more competent citizens and a powerfulvolunteer movement, which has no analogues in the world.

The role of the religious complex of Ukraine in the processes of social change: dynamics of public perceptions

The article analyzes the dynamics of public perceptions of the role of religion and religious institutions of Ukraine in the processes of social changes during 2014–2021. The empirical basis of the study is the results of the constant sociological monitoring of the state and trends of religiosity of Ukrainian society, the level of public trust in the church as a social institution, as well as public opinion on the role of religion and the church in public life, which has been carried out by the Razumkov Center since 2000. The topicality of the problem is argued by the natural dynamism and changeability of the religious environment, its constant and obvious institutional and identificational changes, on the one hand, and the traditional influence of the religious complex on the course of socio-political transformations in modern Ukraine, on the other. Attention is focused on the importance of diagnosing public reflections on the role of religion and religious organizations in the processes of social changes as a prerequisite for scientific analysis of existing practices of socio-religious interactions and their further forecasting. It is emphasized that religion and religious organizations rarely act as independent agents of social changes, and are only one of several active ones because the social behavior of individuals is determined not only by religious motives. Factors that had a decisive influence on the formation of public perceptions in the post-war period were the results of transformational changes in the domestic religious complex, which occurred primarily under the influence of the Revolution of Dignity (2013–2014), the annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the ongoing armed conflict in the East of the country, the large-scale war against Ukraine launched by Russia (since February 2022) and, of course, the processes related to the granting of autocephaly to Ukrainian Orthodoxy and the election campaigns of the President of Ukraine to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (2019). It is proved that the above-mentioned processes determine the obvious variability and ambivalence perceptions of citizens about the role of religion and the church in public life. Traditionally, the high level of declared religiosity of Ukrainian citizens is combined with a low degree of their real religious activity. The relatively high and stable level of trust in the church is discordant with the steady decline in recognition of its role as a moral authority. Remaining generally tolerant of the practice of different religions, Ukrainian citizens declare rather different assessments of their attitude to the most widespread religions and religious organizations in Ukraine. Despite a certain increase in the positive assessment of the role of religious institutions, more than a third of respondents emphasize the absence of their significant role. Public opinion also declares significant reservations about the adequacy of the response of the largest churches to current challenges and problems of society. It is argued that the definition of the role of religion and religious institutions in the processes of social changes in Ukraine does not have an unambiguous dimension and under certain circumstances, religion can act both as a factor of national and social reconciliation and consolidation, and as a catalyst for social upheaval.

On the legal regulation of economic and commercial activities in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of the current state of regulatory and legal regulation of trade activities in Ukraine. The problems of the place in the economic legislation of trade, its signs, system and tendencies of formation are considered. The conditionally general and special legislation regulating trade activity is allocated. There is a certain direction in the systematization of legal regulation depending on the object of regulation, namely the organization of the market and commodity affiliation. The analysis of the basic regulations in the field of trade is carried out. Formulation of the problem. One of the factors that influenced the scientific interest was modern sociological research. Among them, it is widely believed that the global economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 virus has brought trade to the forefront of the national economy on the basis of growth in development. Thus, the Razumkov Center’s Annual Survey states: “According to the results of 2019, the share of manufacturing in the structure of GDP by production method was 10.8 %, wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles – 13.2 %, then according to the results of three quarters of 2020. the corresponding figures were 10.2 % and 14 %. That is, the characteristic of the Ukrainian economy is increasingly not the creation of new modern products, but the repair and resale of obsolete products. In addition, recently there has been systemic uncertainty regarding the management and organization of economic activity by central government, which, accordingly, does not contribute to overcoming the crisis. Analysis of recent research and publications. In the domestic science of economic law there are no modern studies of trade regulation as a kind of economic. Among the scientists who have conducted research in this area in the past can be distinguished G.F. Shershenevich, Ye.O. Krasheninnikov, D.V. Zerkalov, A.A. Popov. In the modern literature, some attention was paid to the legal regulation of trade L. Mikhnevych, N.V. Shigarova, K.I. Krolevetsky. Recognizing the contribution of these researchers, it should be noted that science does not meet the high demand for the formation of legislative policy to regulate trade relations, the creation of a single state ideology in the areas of legal regulation of trade and as a result - high business demand for legislation

DIGITAL ECONOMY, ITS DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

The article identifies the features of coverage the digitization process of the economy in the scientific literature. The first mentions of the digital economy and its introduction on the G20 agenda have been identified. The development of the digital economy and its introduction into the economy of Ukraine is given. The definitions of the digital economy formed by domestic scientists are highlighted, and their theoretical character is determined. The work “Digital Economy: Trends, Risks and Social Determinants” by Razumkov Center is dedicated. A characteristic of the digital economy, based on the analysis, is formed in the process of generalization which reflects its current economic essence. The dangers and risks of the digital economy are identified and characterized. Digitalization of Ukraine’s economy currently has a narrow focus on certain areas of the economy and its limited activities (focus on providing services). The hidden shortcomings of the application of the digital economy are further identified. It is determined that the economy of Ukraine is in crisis, there is a decline in the economy and a significant decline in productivity. The decline of Ukraine’s economy in 2020 is presented in terms of quarters. The digital economy cannot improve this situation, as it has secondary nature to production. Reforming the economy, raising GDP should take place before the application of digitalization. Therefore proposals for minimizing hazards are offered, namely the development of new economic models of market economy with adjustment of the negative challenges of the digital economy; and adaptation of the basic postulates of the digital economy to the Ukrainian reality and indicative areas of researches.

Reading Paper Books: Being in the Space of Intercommunication

The article is devoted to substantiation from the standpoint of intercommunication as a social practice of the essential advantage of reading paper books and the relevance of book practices of the library service. The methodological tools of the study were based on the methods of hypothesis, included and external observation, extrapolation, survey, comparative and analytical methods, the use of which, along with the formulation of the general idea of the study created the basis for understanding the book as an object that represents the author, characters, and texts and can perform the function not only of an information source, but also of the narrator, and thus of the subject of communication; made it possible to identify common and special features of reading electronic and paper books, to draw conclusions about the priority format for young people reading literary texts, to identify modern scientific approaches to studying the role of books and reading for personal development. Based on the analysis of current professional publications, data on the study of reader behavior conducted in autumn 2018 by the cultural and publishing project “Chitomo” together with the digital publishing house Gutenbergz and the Razumkov Center ("Reading in Ukraine", 2018), the results of a survey of students majoring in 029 “Information, library and archival business”, which was carried out during 14.01.2021–14.02.2021, the relevance of maintaining the practice of reading books in paper format is proved, the formation of the space of communication as a social practice, based on the functioning of the paper book as a subject of communication, has been substantiated. The topic of such communication is both the text printed in the book and the whole set of historical, social and socio-cultural meanings associated with the authors of the books, their publishers and / or former owners. It has been found that e-books, being effective communicators, lose subjectivity, which creates risks for reading-oriented people to weaken communication and socialization skills, and thus – actualizes the need to maintain access to real bookshelves and paper books in the library. space. In the conditions of needs of access to electronic texts, dynamics of social processes, social mobility, the library remains a place that allows preserving and reproducing important for the formation and socialization of personality social practice of interpersonal communication, in particular by creating conditions for real communication with paper books.

Публічна релігія як боротьба за публічний простір

The phenomenon of religion in public space is nowadays complemented by symbolic and informational factors that, through certain mechanisms, play a significant role in political processes. This is related to the formation of the political identity of the nation, in which the religious component becomes a certain marker that splits or unites society. Even though politics and religion have their own public fields, there is a struggle for influence and expansion of their public field between politics and religion in most European countries of the East. With the aim to engage citizens in the discourse of political or religious, the political and ecclesiastical elite mentally forces individuals to balance on the verge of the political and religious and turns them into participants of political processes. At least, exactly this takes place in the modern history of Ukraine. The loss of state territories and military events in the East have given rise to the Ukrainian discourse of Tomos, which, through the context of the war, established a new marker of Ukrainian identity. Perceiving public religion as a field for public dissent, Ukrainian society has found itself in internal and external confrontation: between the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP) and the official policy of the power during Petro Poroshenko’s presidency – the level of the conflict was "power-church"; internal conflict between Ukrainian Orthodox denominations when, due to the signed Tomos, they united to form a unified Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) – the level of the conflict was "churchchurch"; between the official policy of Russia, which supports the activities of the UOC-MP and is recognized by official Ukrainian authorities as the military aggressor of Ukraine (mostly during P. Poroshenko’s presidency and less during V. Zelensky’s presidency) – the level of the conflict is "power-power". The discourse of Tomos in Ukraine has provoked not only interconfessional and political confrontation. It influenced confidence in the church as a moral institute because, on the one hand, we’ve had a “church of the aggressor state” (UOC-MP) and an “illegal church” (OCU), and on the other hand, there were “Orthodox” and “schismatics”. This has mentally widened the gap between the East and the West of Ukraine. An analysis held based on data from the Razumkov Center, official statistics of religious organizations in Ukraine, as well as judicial acts, testifies that this gap is formed along a territorial line. Therefore, S. Huntington’s theory of a global policy developed along the cultural line finds support.

Features of polyconfessional situation in Ukraine

The article analyzes the origins and the current state of the multi-confessional context in Ukraine, examines the problems and prospects of its development, and relates the features of the multi-confessional country with the state of historical and social conditions and characteristics.
 The authors clarify the main concept of "multiconfessionality", based on the definitions provided by modern studies. The authors use practical examples of the presence of multiconfessionality in Ukrainian society, which is created by the historical state of socio-political context in the country.
 Based on the analysis of the plane of multiconfessionality of Ukrainian society, where the system of religious diversity forms special values, it leads to tolerance and political correctness, typical for European society. Using the results of sociological surveys made by Razumkov Center, official statistics of the Ministry of Culture, Pew Research Center, Institute of Sociology of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Alexander Yaremenko Ukrainian Institute of Social Research, Center for Social Monitoring, SOCIS, etc., the authors illustrate materials that prove the values of modern Ukrainian society in terms of trends of development of religious environment in Ukraine. 
 The article analyzes current statistics on the number of religious institutions, development of institutional structures, and correlates the quantitative indicators of the proportion of the population that declares their religiosity. The article outlines the consolidation of religious organizations through membership in inter-religious, inter-denominational associations and their participation in the social sphere. Our paper mentions specific features of multiconfessionality in Ukraine.
 All hypothesis are confirmed in the main lines of correlation of the concepts of "state-church", "inter-religious relations", "trust to the church", "trust in state institutions". Conclusions are drawing attention to the problems of the modern development of the religious environment and the consolidation of Ukrainian society.

Church and religious situation in the Ukraine: Trends 2019 - request for extension of questionnaires for sociological surveys

Recently the Razumkov Center published new sociological data “State and Church in Ukraine - 2019: results of the year and prospects of relations development” and organized a round table on “Religion and power in Ukraine: problems of relations”. This sociological data is an extremely important fixation of the empirical indicators of the religious situation in contemporary Ukraine. Analyzing them, we can see a clear correlation between faith, religious and church affiliation, and the experience and position of those interviewed. However, for further in-depth understanding of how religious and denominational identity and church affiliation correlate with event experience, prevailing historiographical discourse, life position, and civic consciousness, it would be worthwhile to expand the questionnaires. Undoubtedly, religion is a significant factor in shaping Ukraine's future. Especially the influence of church affiliation on social reality is noticeable in the situation of armed aggression against Ukraine of the Russian Federation, which does not neglect to use as a weapon in the information war a religious sermon in the temples of the subordinate Moscow center of the church. That is why it is so important to systematically monitor the correlation of religious and ecclesiastical affiliations with world-view parameters and real events in the context of which transformations of the religious situation and socio-state-church relations take place.Current trends in religious change clearly include factors that are reflected in sociological research (such as a decline in the Church's recognition of moral authority is an indication of the spread and affirmation of secular tendencies and the activation of secular ideology in conjunction with cultural and world-view circumstances of the Church. and confessions turned out to be unsolicited, irrelevant, ineffective, incompetent, etc.) and factors that went unaddressed due to the fact that previous questionnaires did not contain questions that Anish not issued to date. Therefore, it is time to complete the questionnaires to explain the jumps unexpected in terms of previous sociological data.
 The information age updates additional parameters: here it is necessary to find out the relation of religious, civil, state systems with the information environment, to understand how specific information flows influence the spread of confessional, religious, civilizational and other discourses. Another block of issues that need to be covered in future polls is to find out the level, form and type of religiosity not only in relation to religious, denominational and ecclesiastical affiliations, but also in the value-meaning parameters of the consciousness of believers / non-believers in Ukraine.
 After all, religion is not only a religious activity, which is evidenced in the attendance at worship and financial support of the church, but also a vital position in accordance with the values and guidelines of the basic religion / denomination / church. Under these circumstances, a partial decrease in trust in the church as a moral authority will also be understandable. What will be manifested is the type of consciousness of the "Soviet human" brought up during the totalitarian-Soviet era. We assume that the transformation of the ideology of militant secularism into a quasi-religion of vulgar utilitarianism can partly explain the current world outlook in Ukraine.

Problematic aspects interdenominational and state-denominational relations in the socio-political situation in Ukraine

This article examines the socio-political situation in Ukraine in its interconfessional and state-confessional aspects and problems.
 The article substantiates the connection between the socio-political situation and security in Ukraine, analyze the effects of Russian aggression, particularly in the humanitarian sphere, where religion becomes an element of hybrid warfare. The religious component is manifested in the desire of the aggressor country to keep Ukraine in the orbit of its interests, making it part of the "Russian world".
 The authors identify and substantiate the external and internal risks that hold the potential to change the vector of movement of the religious situation in the country, determine its nature, structure, functioning and so on.
 On the basis of wide statistical material presented by the sociological service of the Oleksandr Razumkov Center, the changes in social and religious consciousness were investigated, its dependence on the influence of the military conflict in the East of Ukraine and annexation of the Crimea were analyzed, the changes in the attitude of the religious community. Modern Church-confessional changes are characterized by a decrease in the authority of the UOC (MP) and the number of its believers. Therefore, the technologies of the UOC (MP) (more precisely the ROCinU), which hinder the transition of the UOC (MP) communities to the OCU and the destabilization of inter-denominational and state-denominational relations, are studied.
 Investigating the search / constitution / restoration of the identity of Ukrainian churches in modern conditions, the authors highlight the phenomena of a global nature and internal factors, under the influence of which a gradual "crystallization" of this identity takes place.
 In the context of the general paradigm of religious freedom within which the research is conducted, objective prerequisites have been established that should provide the country with the standards of religious freedom and religion that are necessary for a democratic state (real religious pluralism, traditionally tolerant attitude of Ukrainians from representatives of different denominations, in the collective Ukrainian identity) and the risks involved in the exercise of religious freedom.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ПРОТИДІЇ КОМП’ЮТЕРНІЙ (ЦИФРОВІЙ) КОНТРАФАКТНІЙ ПРОДУКЦІЇ

За даними Міжнародної федерації фонографічної індустрії, кожен третій запис є контрафактним, а обсяги продажів піратської музичної продукції на початку XXI століття у близько 25 країнах перевищують легальний ринок і складають близько 4 500 000 000 до-ларів.
 Обсяг світової пісенної індустрії склав 6 500 000 000 000 доларів, що приблизно в 5 разів більше всього обсягу продажів військової промисловості.
 За оцінками експертів, обсяг світової торгівлі контрафактною продукцією оцінюється в 630 млрд доларів (6–7% загального товарообігу). Ринок контрафактних CD і DVD становить близько 5 млрд доларів.
 Міжнародний альянс інтелектуальної власності поставив Україну першою в списку 58 країн з низьки-ми стандартами охорони інтелектуальної власності. За даними Українського центру економічних і політичних досліджень імені Разумкова, 70 відсотків населення України купує підроблену аудіо-, відеопродукцію, марковану загальновідомими товарними знаками. Лише п’ята частина населення її ніколи не купує.
 За даними Асоціації виробників програмного забезпечення, опублікованими в щорічному звіті «Глобальне дослідження піратства за 2017 рік», рівень кібер-піратства в Україні в 2017 році склав 80%. Водночас ціна за неліцензійне програмне забезпечення досягла 108 млн доларів.Проблема організації протидії наслідкам виробництва, поширення і обігу контрафактних примірників комп’ютерного (цифрового) програмного забезпечення і програмних продуктів (комп’ютерного контрафакту) досить складна і багатогранна.
 Стаття присвячена захисту комп’ютерної (цифрової) інтелектуальної власності в контексті законодавчо-правових і організаційних заходів протидії. На основі аналізу наукових публікацій у сфері економіки, комп’ютерних технологій, охорони авторських і суміжних прав запропоновані заходи законодавчо-правового регулювання, а також організаційні заходи, які дозволять зміцнити взаємодію державних органів влади з контролюючими та правоохоронними органами як на загальнодержавному, так і на регіональному рівні.

Muslim organizations in the context of state-confessional and inter-confessional relations in Ukraine

The article highlights the pressing issues of the presence of Muslim organizations in the religious field of Ukraine: simplification of the registration procedure of the statutes of religious organizations and their acquisition of the status of a legal entity; restitutionary issues (returning religious buildings to religious organizations); creation of institutional structures of military chaplaincy within the structures of the Armed Forces of Ukraine objective attitude to religious organizations and tolerant interfaith discourse; cooperation in the social sphere with religious organizations; photographing on documents to representatives of religious organizations; organizational issues related to Hajj; securing the right to religious freedom in the annexed and occupied territories of Ukraine. On the basis of a detailed analysis of the statistics of religious organizations and the annual survey materials of the Razumkov Center, it is concluded that generally favorable conditions for all citizens in the right to profess their religion, in the protection of this right by the legislation of Ukraine, the activity of relevant state authorities. Muslims and their religious organizations enjoy the same freedoms and rights, which need to be more actively involved in resolving topical and problematic issues in relations between the state and religious organizations.

OMBUDSMEN AS NATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION IN UKRAINE

Under the conditions of an armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine the level of ensuring the fundamental human right to education is being reduced. Therefore there is a need to search for additional mechanisms of the protection of the right to education, among which must be singled out such an extra-judicial human rights mobile institution as an ombudsman. All this stipulates the purpose of the article: to find out the role of the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights, the Commissioner of Ukraine on the rights of the Child and the Educational Ombudsman to ensure the right to education in Ukraine. During the study, such methods as the analysis of scientific literature, normative legal acts in the field of the right to education and annual reports of the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights were used. The research results of the Razumkov Center (Ukraine) regarding the attitude of citizens to the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rightshave been analyzed. As a resultit was discovered that the measures taken by the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights and the Commissioner on the rights of the Child for the right to education are active and effective. In the society the legislative introduction of the post of educational ombudsman as an additional human rights institution in the field of education in Ukraine is positively evaluated. The conducted study shows that subsidiary, non-judicial means of protection of the right to education in Ukraine have greater authority among Ukrainian citizens than the judicial system.