Food Raw Materials Research Articles

Modern approaches to the development of gluten-free bakery formulations

The quality of the resulting bread was evaluated by conventional methods including the determination of the content of protein, dietary fiber, fat and its fatty acid composition. To achieve this goal, we used approaches that combined both traditional and non-traditional food raw materials, namely gluten-free flour of chia seeds (a source of PUFA and dietary fiber), lupin flour (a source of protein), as well as enzyme transesterificated milk fat substitute containing ω-3 PUFAs. A protein-polysaccharide mixture was used as a thickener and structure-forming agent. The developed formulations allowed to obtain finished products characterized by the content of ω-3 fatty acids - 0.4-0.6 g/100 g, while maintaining a balance between essential ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids at the level (2.5-3.5):1, recommended for therapeutic nutrition, dietary fiber - 11.1-12.4 g/100 g, and protein content - 5.2-6.7 g/100 g, while maintaining good organoleptic properties. The achieved level of enrichment in accordance with the current legislation allows labeling the resulting products as «high in ω-3 fatty acids and dietary fibers». According to the available data on the biological effect of the components of the developed product, it can affect lipid metabolism, contributing to the reduction of atherogenic lipids in the blood. The implementation of the results of this work in the industry will expand the range of gluten-free products through the production of specialized bakery products with the strengthening of their dietary therapeutic and preventive orientation due to the high content of ω-3 fatty PUFAs and dietary fibers.

Sulforaphane and its antioxidative effects in broccoli seeds and sprouts of different cultivars

The purpose of this study was to clearly understand the health-promoting potentials of broccoli seeds and sprouts according to identify their representative bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities in six varieties. Sulforaphane (SF) extraction was firstly optimized from seeds and sprouts. Then SF extracted under optimized conditions from seeds and sprouts were compared. Most varieties obtained the maximum SF, total phenolic (TP) and flavonoid (TF) contents in sprouts on day 3. SF contents in sprouts were 46%–97% of seeds, whereas TP and TF contents in sprouts were 1.12–3.58 times higher than seeds among varieties. After in vitro digestion, broccoli sprouts from MNL variety kept considerable SF, TF, and TP contents, as well as antioxidant capacities, with all values higher than seeds. Compared with seeds, sprouts after 3 days germination were also recommended as raw materials of functional foods that possess high health-promoting potential.

Effects of the Marinating Process on the Quality of the Domesticated Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus) By-products

The development of methods for the complete and complex processing of raw food materials is one of the main ways to achieve the efficiency of its use: reduce production costs, expand products range and increase products demand. Over the last years, growing attention is paid to the search and development of new technologies of the processing of non-traditional and underutilized types of food materials, such as meat and by-products from alternative animal species. The research was aimed at studying the influence of the marinating process on the quality of the newly developed food product. The object of research was the tongue of domesticated reindeer, the underutilized raw materials of the Kola Peninsula. Product samples were taken in 2012-2016 on the basis of the agricultural production cooperative ”Tundra”, research was carried out on the basis of the Department of Food Production Technologies of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ”Murmansk State Technical University”. The effects of marinating and duration of heat treatment on the quality of the product samples was studied. The parameters characterizing the generalized indicator of quality were selected - organoleptic (appearance, flavor and taste), physical (cutting force) and microbiological. The optimal composition of the marinade is proposed. The technology of culinary processing of the domesticated reindeer tongue was optimized.

Фудшеринг - как экологичный способ использования продуктов питания

The problem of rational and economical use of food is increasingly understood among the public, in particular among environmentalists, in different countries and people. In particular, the reasons for the loss of food raw materials and food products can be considered the presence of high competition among food producers, the problems of distribution and storage of food raw materials and food products and high requirements for the quality-appearance-of products, dishes. A significant amount of unused, discarded food negatively affects the ecology of the planet due to the formation of toxins and greenhouse gases, which in turn lead to contamination of soil, air and water resources. Direction foddering involves the distribution of extra food among the needy. Organizations and individuals donate excess food to other organizations, such as charities that help the poor or prepare meals for people without a fixed place of residence. The founder of this direction is Germany. Class food sharing in this country a strictly specified set rules and appropriate documentation. For example, food-accepting organizations are prohibited from divulging the names of the stores and hotels that provide their products. Exceptions are individual bio-companies that emphasize their charity involvement. The adoption by the German government of a program of measures to reduce food consumption is projected by 2030 should lead to a reduction in the discarded food in half. In Russia, thanks to food sharing in 2018, about 7 thousand tons of food were saved. According to RAEC and TIAR Center estimates, this volume can grow to 1 million tons by 2024. The most popular platform for food exchange is the Food sharing. ‘I’ll give you food for nothing.’ Vkontakte group. The main problem is the lack of regulation of food sharing at the legislative level, because no documents have been developed that could establish specific requirements for this type of activity and for the food sold of this kind. Also, the features of food sharing in other countries are considered: USA, France, Italy, Belgium, etc.

The Application of Spectral Luminescent Method to Examine Alcohol-Containing Liquids Produced Using Rectified Ethyl Alcohol

The possibility to apply the spectral-luminescent method using spectrophotometer Specord M40 with the attachment for fluorescence measuring to determine the nature of the basic alcohol in liquids produced using rectified ethyl alcohol has been considered. The analysis of model mixtures of aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine) has been performed to determine the characteristic bands in the luminescence excitation spectrum. The parameters of an adapted method for determining the nature of the basic alcohol (from food or non-food raw materials) of a liquid by comparative research of known spectrum of Lux ethyl rectified alcohol from food raw materials have been justified. The reasons limiting the application of the method have been analyzed: it is shown that the presence of food additives and flavors containing phenolic groups used in recipes of alcoholcontaining liquids can influence the luminescence of the basic alcohol significantly and, consequently, the identification result for the nature of the alcohol.

Problems of ensuring metrological traceability of measurement results of indicators of quality for food products and food raw materials

The article raises the problem of ensuring metrological traceability of the measurement results of indicators of quality and nutritional value for food products and food raw materials: water (moisture), nitrogen (protein, crude protein), fat, ash and carbohydrates. The problem under consideration can be solved by applying reference materials of food composition, traceable to state primary measurement standards GET 173-2017 and GET 176-2019 and primary reference measurement procedures (PRMP), for attestation of measurement procedures and accuracy checking of measurement results. The article discusses the results of the PRMP development of mass fraction of fat, ash and carbohydrates in food products and food raw materials, as well as mass fraction of crude fat (oil content) in oil crops seeds and products based on them. The paper also presents metrological characteristics of reference materials of composition of dry dairy products, grain-milk dry porridges for nutrition of babies, grain dry porridges for nutrition of babies, egg powder, freeze-dried meat products, animal feed. The results of the work allow for building a chain of metrological traceability from GET 173-2017, GET 176-2019 and PRMP to routine measurement procedures, thereby ensuring the uniformity of measurements of nutritional value of food products.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Among Children in South-East Nigeria

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a common cause of infection among humans. The organism is usually acquired in childhood but may persist into adulthood resulting in chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and adenocarcinoma. Aim: To determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of H. pylori infection among children seen at the Paediatric Out-Patient Clinic of a tertiary teaching hospital in South- East, Nigeria. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out among 248 children aged between 1 and 18 years seen at the Paediatric Outpatient Clinic at the tertiary hospital from August 2017 to October 2017. Information on socio-demographics, feeding practices, daycare attendance and vaccination were obtained and entered into a proforma. The serum obtained from the patient was tested for H. pylori antibodies. Results: The seroprevalence of H. pylori infection among the subjects was 36.3%. Statistically significant association was found between age of the subjects, parental education, social class, ingestion of uncooked/ raw food materials and H. pylori infection (p < 0.05). On logistic regression analysis, predictors of H. pylori infection were age 6-12 years (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.31-4.47, p = 0.005) and ingestion of uncooked/raw food materials (AOR= 2.38, 95% CI 1.14-8.33, p = 0.022). Conclusion: Risk factors associated with H. pylori infection include age, parental education, social class and ingestion of uncooked or raw food materials.

КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННЫЙ УЧЕТ И ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА ПАТОГЕННЫХ БАКТЕРИЙ, ВЫДЕЛЕННЫХ ИЗ ПИЩЕВОГО СЫРЬЯ

The results of microbiological studies of generally accepted research methods and analysis studies for accelerated calculation the amount of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms isolated from food raw materials are presented. Optimization of sample preparation for research and elimination of routine stages of colony counting significantly increases the number of performed analyzes, saves research time and material costs. Due to the simplicity of operations and a minimum of manual labor,productivity and security are increased, labor costs of staff time are reduced, subjective factors are excluded. The advantages are also in quantitative indicators of the total number of yeast and molds in the studied samples within 72 hours, whereas in the generally accepted method, the indicators are presented only after 5 days. A quantitative analysis of microorganisms of food samples (n = 82) revealed a mismatch of microbiological safety indicators, excess QMAFAnM: 23 (28,0%) samples food raw materials, of which 11 beef samples (47,2%); meat of offal and semi-finished poultry – 12 (20,3%). Based on a comparative assessment of growth-supporting and selective properties, effective diagnostic environments and test systems for differentiating similar types of microorganisms have been tested and selected. From the number of isolates allocated from food raw materials (n = 122), 36 microbial cultures were identified: Salmonella spp. – 10 (13,1%) microbial cultures; coliforms – 25 (24,3%); Listeria monocytogenes – 1 (1,3%).

The infection of trematodes on rice frogs (Fejervarya cancrivora)in Karawang Regency, West Java

Fejervarya cancrivorais often used as raw material for food and export commodities. In 2014, it was recorded that Karawang Regency was the largest producer of frog’s legs meat in West Java. Research on trematode worms ofF. cancrivorafrom Karawang Regency was conducted to find out the diversity of trematodes worms and its infection patterns. The observation was carried out on 120 frogs. The lungs, stomach, intestine, and caecum were examined for trematodes. The results showed that theF. cancrivorainfected by four species of trematodes i.e.,Glypthelminssp.,Pleurogenoidessp.,Haematoloechussp., andDiplodiscussp. with a prevalence of 25.8%, 18.3%, 35.8%, and 23.3%, respectively, and parasite index 1 -25, 1-268, 1-19, and 1-23 individual parasite in each host, respectively.

Bandung City as A Sundanese Gastronomy Foodscape

Food landscape or foodscape is a spatial distribution of food, the location where food is served to be bought and consumed, or the space associated with food and eating, including food consumption services. Foodscape is important as a supporter of gastronomic tourism in Bandung. This research was conducted to examine foodscape and food supply lines for gastronomic tourism activities in Bandung. The research was conducted by observation and survey methods. The results showed the entire of Bandung was a foodscape as well as a Sundanese gastronomic estuary, with a spread of food ranging from markets, street vendors, food stalls and restaurants, festival events to educational institutions which were an area to bring together Sundanese gastronomic products with their consumers. The foodstuffs have flowed from foodshed around Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and even from China. Food raw materials were transmitted from several regions in West Java through the local food network.

Clostridium spp. detection in food samples using 16S rDNA-based PCR method

Raw foods of animal and plant origin are the most likely to be contaminated with either spores or vegetative cells of Clostridium. Molecular detection of the Clostridium spp. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one useful method for detecting Clostridium spp. in some samples such as food raw materials. Clostridium detection was performed using 16S rDNA-based PCR method with Clos 58 - f and Clos 780 - r primers. A study of the specificity of the primers used revealed a reaction to Salmonella and Proteus. Therefore, the scope of PCR with these primers can be food products that have undergone high-temperature processing, for example, sterilized meat or meat and vegetable preserves, as well as ingredients after inactivation of vegetative forms of microorganisms.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПЛЕНОК МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ НА РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ПОВЕРХНОСТЯХ ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ

The article presents material on the results of experimental studies on the formation of biofilms by microorganisms of individual taxonomic groups on various surfaces of objects of the environment. The time and degree of biofilm formation, as well as the dependence on the type of surface and bacteria, were established. The cultures of the genera Salmonella, E. coli, Yersinia, Proteus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus were used in the work. To study the formation of biofilms, 24-hour cultures of S-form microorganisms grown on solid or in liquid nutrient media were used. Test objects were stained with 0,1% crystalline violet solution for 15 minutes, unbound dye was washed off with physiological saline or distilled water. Test objects were placed on filter paper and dried. Then 200 microliters of 96% ethanol were added to extract the paint from the film and the optical density was measured on a KFK-3KM spectrophotometer at wavelength of 590 nm. It was found that conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms form a biofilm on both smooth and rough abiotic surfaces within 48 hours. Moreover, the intensity of biofilm formation on rough surfaces is higher than on smooth ones by 15...30%. Among the studied microorganisms, the most intensive development of biofilm was observed in Ps. cultures. aeruginosa and Pr. vulgaris. Biofilms pose a potential danger of contamination of feed, food raw materials and, most importantly, food products, since they can exist for a long time on a wide variety of surfaces of production facilities of the respective enterprises.

Problems of ensuring metrological traceability of measurement results of indicators of quality for food products and food raw materials

Problems of ensuring metrological traceability of measurement results of indicators of quality for food products and food raw materials

Formation of meat productivity, nutritional value and suitability of beef for baby food

The research was carried out on the farms of the raw material zone of the Branch "Tikhoretsky Canned Meat Plant" of DANON RUSSIA JSC in two districts of the Krasnodar Territory. Experimental data on the productivity of bull-calves of dairy-meat black-and-white breed and its cross-breed with bulls of Kalmyk beef breed. In the "Rubin" farm of the Goryacheklyuchevsky district, the productivity of beef cattle of the Charolais breed was studied. In the study of raw meat for baby food, a comparative assessment of the quality and food safety of beef from black-and-white bulls; cross between black-and-white and Kalmyk breeds; Charolais breed was carried out. In terms of protein quality indicator (6.5), beef from Charolais bulls exceeded the rest (6.16 and 5.8). The Charolais breed has the best protein composition (19.8 g / kg of lysine, the limiting amino acid for the child's body). In terms of safety indicators, taking into account the maximum permissible levels of residual amounts of pesticides, toxic elements, antibiotics, meat raw materials from black-and-white bulls and a cross with the Kalmyk breed met the requirements of the interstate standard for raw materials for baby food.

Natural and pyrolysis molecule of Cotoneaster zabelii Schneid

Cotoneaster zabelii Schneid is a unique wood biological resource in China, but its natural ingredients are not used effectively. In this paper, ethanol and phenyl alcohol were used to study the leaves and branches of Cotoneaster zabelii Schneid. Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that Cotoneaster zabelii Schneid was rich in chemical constituents that could be used as raw materials for medicine and food. An in-depth study of Cotoneaster zabelii Schneid can provide a more accurate understanding of the value of its internal chemical composition, which can be widely applied in medicine to manufacture new drugs and promote the development of medical technology.

The science park as one of the factors for creating a national ecological network in Ukraine

Existing concepts of technological intensification of agricultural production in our country and in most other countries are excessive chemicalization, high concentration of livestock, irrational organization of enterprises structure, passion for monocultures etc. Described above leads to negative environmental consequences, namely, soil depletion, environmental pollution, rising production costs. The consequence of this is a high energy intensity of the product with its low quality. Intensive and often irrational use of natural resources has led to their exhaustion and destruction of natural landscapes. Thus, it is necessary to solve two main groups of issues. Firstly, production of a sufficient quantity and quality of food and agricultural raw materials. Secondly, preservation and restoration of environmental and population health to an acceptable level. The actual problems are development and implementation of environmentally friendly systems of farming, access these systems to organic production, creating sustainable agroecosystems, integration agricultural sector with nature reserve fund. In our opinion, one way decision is creating a science park. The analysis of the activities of existing science parks in Ukraine suggested to establish a science park on the basic of the Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V. V. Dokuchayev. The science park, which would target creation of a holistic national ecological network with the introduction of the revival of traditional nature management, attraction of natural resources to mass recreation and health improvement of the population, by making significant adjustments to the further development of the agro-industrial complex. The given thoughts is basis of this article. This article outlined the main stages of the development of a project to create a science park at KNAU named after V. V. Dokuchayev, some abstracts of projects of winners of previous years, compliance of the content of submitted projects with the main criteria for their evaluation.

Determinant Factors Influencing Honey Consumption Trends in Mekelle City, Tigray, Ethiopia

Beekeeping in Ethiopia contributed to foreign earnings, employment, food, and industrial raw materials. The study aimed to investigate factors influencing the choice of consumption and quantity consumed in Mekelle City, where there was no information on present quantity consumed and factors influencing the choice for honey consumption. Specifically, the study was determined the present quantity consumes and investigates factors influencing the choice for honey consumption in the study area. Kedamay weyane, Hawelti, Adihaki and Hadnet were purposely selected in Mekelle City due to availability of honey market. Clustering and simple random sampling technique was employed in selecting 398 households. Both descriptive and quantitative statistics were used. The result shows that total annual quantity of honey consumption per household were 3kg in study area. Binary logistic regression was used in modeling the choice for honey consumption. Binary logistic regression results show that, income, household size, education, availability, quality, price, and policy issues were significant at 5% (P<0.05) influencing the honey consumption in the study area. The study concluded that honey was consumed in low level in Mekelle and recommended awareness creation on the benefits of honey, develop mechanism for traceability and promote beekeeping, increase availability of honey, manage and control price of honey through government and other stockholders.

Hydrolysis of Cellulose Wastes: Feasibility of Fuel Ethanol as Alternative to Gasoline from Petroleum as a Usable Energy Source in Nigeria

It is generally believed that fossil fuel aside its environmental implications in terms of its high carbon emissions and pollution characteristics is rapidly depleting. New energy source that is not only abundant in supply but more fungible in today’s value chain and with potential as future green fuel is required to fill the gap. Research has shown that biomass possesses such characteristics to serve as alternative to the fossil fuel energy. Of all the fuels gotten from biomass, Ethanol is the most common and widely used. Ethanol was originally produced to serve as wine and for medicine, but today the use of ethanol are many ranging from production of organic chemicals to source of organic energy for heating, lighting and locomotion. Ethanol apart from synthesis is prepared from agricultural biomass by conventional method. Conventional methods as applied in many farms are expensive and has greatly increased the cost of food because of competition between consumers and industrialist for raw food materials. A modification of this method, use of cellulose waste and development of an efficient technology are necessary for cheap production, if ethanol is to be used, in place of gasoline. The paper discusses the various methods, techniques, technology, and reaction conditions necessary to produce low price ethanol, and at the same time surveys the possibility of the use of ethanol as alternative to gasoline as a usable energy source.

New educational technologies as a means of cross - regional cooperation in the field of food raw material and product safety control

International e-learning resource in the field of food product quality and veterinary disease control based on Government requirements of the European Union and Eurasian Economic Union has been created and tested. This resource consists of the one general professional cycle and five professional modules, about 60% of them are in distance e-learning format. The modularity of the educational resource allows the employer or students to choose a training program format, as well as the amount of distance learning or classroom training hours for different groups of specialists in the field of food quality and veterinary control: chiefs of quality control center or laboratories, veterinarians, microbiologists, specialists of veterinary diagnostics laboratories, chemical engineers. The involvement of participants from EU and EEU-countries in the educational process is important for the development of interregional and international activities, the creation of the unified legal framework in the field of food security in many countries.

Approaches to safety and quality of foodstuffs in the European Union and Russia

This article is devoted to argumentation of the use of best practices of EU countries in Russia in improving its own regulatory and legislative framework with the aim of empowering the elimination of threats of safety of food raw materials and food products. This will allow enables enterprises operating in Russia: to Minimize, to reduce to an acceptable level the risks of contamination of food products at all stages from production to sales, thereby guaranteeing the end user safety of food products; to Demonstrate their ability to produce food products that meet international standards for quality assurance and safety; to deliver their products to large chain company, such as “Metro”, “Auchan”, etc.; to Bring their products to foreign markets; To comply with the requirements of Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 021/2011 “On food safety” in terms of organization of production on the HACCP principles.