Food Raw Materials Research Articles

Preparation and quality characteristics of gluten‐free potato cake

This study aimed to assess the quality characteristics of potato gluten-free cake. Sensory quality was most affected by the proportion of egg, followed by water and corn oil. The optimum formulation was potato flour 26.3g/100g, eggs 60 g/100 g, water 10 g/100 g, corn oil 3.0 g/100 g, salt 0.3 g/100 g, baking powder 0.2 g/100 g, and cream of tartar 0.2 g/100 g, with the sensory evaluation score 92.12. Compared with wheat cake, potato cake had lower fat and energy content, but higher dietary fiber, trace elements, and amino acids. Potato cake exhibited better texture and more volatile compounds than wheat cake. Electronic nose and tongue results showed a significant difference in flavor and taste between potato and wheat cakes. In addition, the antioxidant activity of potato cake was higher than wheat cake. In conclusion, potato flour is an ideal substitute for wheat flour in the manufacture of gluten-free cake and potentially, other baked products. Practical applications Celiac disease is a lifelong intolerance to the gliadin and glutenin protein components of wheat and to similar proteins found in rye, barley, and oats. Potato is a globally acceptable nutritious food and, therefore, an ideal raw material for gluten-free food. In this study, potato powder was used to make potato flour cake and compared it with wheat flour cake, using single factor and orthogonal tests to optimize the cake formulation. A comprehensive evaluation was made, of appearance, quality, texture, nutrition, flavor, and stability to oxidation, so as to develop practical gluten-free potato cake products, to expand the choice of gluten-free foods, for the benefit of celiac disease sufferers.

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI BIJI KARET MENJADI PRODUK ALTERNATIF DI SUMPUR KUDUS, SIJUNJUNG

The abundance of garden products in the form of rubber in the District of Sumpur Kudus is a localpotential that needs to be processed to prevent price reductions and maintain the quality of thematerial. Rubber seeds have a high protein content so that it has the potential to be used as a foodraw material. The purpose of this empowerment is to provide information and training on how toprocess rubber waste into biokerosin and traditional coconut oil. The first material was presented onhow to make kerosene from rubber seeds followed by a workshop on making cooking oil from rubberseeds. Making biokerosin is done by using a tool designed by the team. The same results in makingthe first and second products are not too many because the rubber seeds processed in thisempowerment are not too many. From the results of the evaluation during the empowermentcommunity enthusiasm was seen. Empowerment that has been done has shown that rubber seedswhich were originally only waste material from rubber trees turned out to be an alternative product inthe form of cooking oil and biokerosin

Antioxidant, Pharmacological, Medical Properties and Chemical Content of Rosa L. Extracts

Currently, increased attention is paid to plant raw materials as a source of biologically active substances. As a consequence of this great scientific interest is dog rose (lat. Rosa), a genus of wild plants of the Rosaceae family (Rosales) and it is widely used as a medicinal, vitamin source and food raw material. The species of Rosa genus have rich vitamin content and different chemical structures. Dog rose has medicinal value as a multivitamin remedy. Many works have been devoted to the study of the dynamics of the accumulation of vitamins depending on the forms and types of dog rose, geographic location, meteorological conditions, soil, fertilizer application and other environmental factors. The most economically valuable part of the dog rose is the pulp of the fruit. Rosa is used in official and traditional medicine. They also have anti-inflammatory, choleretic, diuretic properties and a beneficial effect on carbohydrate metabolism and, they regulate the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, enhance tissue regeneration, the synthesis of hormones. In this review article, antioxidant, pharmacological, medical properties and chemical content of the Rosa genus has been discussed in detail.

Implication of quality uncertainty on market exchange: The case of seed industry in Kilolo district, Tanzania.

An increasing demand of agricultural intensification and value addition necessitates the use of improved inputs such as improved seed. Smallholder farmers contribute about 70 % of agricultural production in Tanzania. Agriculture sector in Tanzania contributes about 24.1 % of the GDP, 30 % of exports and 65% of industrial raw materials. Thus, agriculture development, economic growth and industrialization are inseparable. Due to the nature of the product, smallholder farmers cannot judge the overall excellence of seed at the time of buying. This paper assessed quality uncertainty in maize and vegetable seed and its implication for market exchange between farmers and seed sellers in Kilolo district, Iringa Tanzania. The study used a random sample of 130 smallholder farmers and representatives from ten seed companies. Asymmetric information prevails between the two trading sides i.e. sellers and buyers leading into quality uncertainty. Moreover, product augmentation is profoundly overlooked whereby most of seed companies have not augmented their products. Because an improved seed is a quintessential example of an experience good, quality uncertainty of some crop varieties under field conditions favored some seed brands to be used more by farmers compared to others. This paper offers a thorough deduction on quality uncertainty under farmers’ field condition and its implication on market exchange. It adds information in the body of knowledge on how an improved seed can contribute to sustainable production of food and industrial raw materials, which is a step towards desired industrialization agenda in Tanzania.

Assessment of the Relevance of Requirements of the Current Sanitary Legislation for Food Retailing

Introduction: In order to assess the relevance of sanitary regulations in relation to food retailing we analyzed data on inspections of 12,001 enterprises and expert actions taken by the Sverdlovsk Regional Rospotrebnadzor Office and the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Sverdlovsk Region in 2016-2018. Results: We found a low proportion of violations of the requirements of sanitary regulations SP 2.3.6.1066–01, Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for trade organizations and the turnover of food raw materials and food products in them, ranging from 5.9 % to 6.3 % and its significant difference in some cases ranging from 0 % to 36 %. During inspection, compliance with 42 out of 131 paragraphs (32.6 %) was not checked or violations were not detected due to the impossibility to exercise control, recommendatory nature of some clauses, the failure to comply with which cannot be considered a violation, or irrelevance of certain items, the requirements of which are outdated. The proportion of prevalent violations related to the requirements for equipment, packaging facilities, storage and sale of food products was quite high and amounted to 27.9 % in 2016, 25.1 % in 2017, and 23.1 % in 2018, thus posing the risk of nonconforming products. Laboratory testing of samples taken within supervisory activities demonstrated noncompliance with chemical, microbiological, and parasitological requirements for food, the rates of which decreased in 2016–2018 with a simultaneous increase by 2.5 % in terms of counterfeiting. Respondents (33.3 %) from 481 surveyed food retailers proposed a long list of amendments to sanitary regulations to ensure safety of food products sold. We conclude that the current sanitary regulations need to be updated, especially in terms of management and control measures, taking into account risk-based surveillance and food quality and safety management systems.

Improvement of the continuous "pipe in pipe" pasteurization unit

The result of improving the pasteurizer is a 6-fold decrease in the specific metal consumption by the device, in comparison with the basic design (26 kg/m 2 versus 160 kg/m 2 ). The duration of heating and pasteurization of drinking milk at a temperature of 73...77 °C while aging over 15...20 s is 27.5 s, which is 1.8 times less. A reduction in the heat consumption for heating the apparatus is achieved, which is 1,372.8 kJ (CPiPPU – Continuous in pipe pasteurization unit), in comparison to the consumption by the basic pasteurizer, 8,448 kJ. The uniformity of flow heating was established when its speed changes from 0.03 to 0.40 m/s for various heat supply techniques; under the condition υ=0.4 m/s, a temperature drop is ensured: at internal heating ‒ 1.4 °C; in the basic design with external heating by a hot heat carrier ‒ 2.7 °C; and in the proposed CPiPPU with double-sided heating ‒ 0.5 °C. The comparison of heat supply techniques confirms the heat exchange efficiency of raw material processing by CPiPPU while ensuring a minimum temperature drop. The improved continuous pipe-in-pipe pasteurization unit based on the double-sided heating by a flexible film resistive electric heater of the radiating type (FFREHRT) is resource-efficient and can be used to heat food raw materials in the temperature range 15...110 °C

Efektivitas Pemanfaatan Bahan Baku Lokal Sebagai Pakan Ikan Terhadap Peningkatan Produktivitas Budidaya Ikan Lele (Clarias sp.) di Desa Sakatiga, Kecamatan Indralaya, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, Sumatera Selatan

Desa Sakatiga terletak di Kecamatan Indralaya Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, Sumatera Selatan, memiliki potensi pengembangan perikanan budidaya. Permasalahan yang sering dialami oleh pembudidaya ikan lele di desa Sakatiga diantaranya tingginya harga pakan dan minimnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang bahan lokal yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pakan ikan. Permasalahan tersebut dapat diatasi dengan membuat pakan secara mandiri. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah mengetahui efektivitas pemanfaatan bahan baku lokal sebagai pakan ikan terhadap peningkatan produktivitas budidaya ikan lele (Clarias sp.) di desa Sakatiga, Kecamatan Indralaya, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, Sumatera Selatan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan penyuluhan dan diskusi, pelatihan pembuatan pakan serta demplot pemanfaatan bahan lokal sebagai bahan baku pakan ikan serta pendampingan teknis oleh tim dan dibantu mahasiswa yang melaksanakan praktik lapang di lokasi mitra. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang bahan lokal yang dapat digunakan sebagai pakan ikan serta motivasi masyarakat untuk membuat pakan dengan menggunakan bahan baku lokal. Pemanfaatan bahan baku lokal sebagai pakan ikan lele menghasilkan pertumbuhan bobot dan panjang mutlak masing-masing sebesar 9,94 g dan 3,83 cm, laju pertumbuhan harian 2,21%/hari, efisiensi pakan 103,24% dan kelangsungan hidup 97%.

FOOD SAFETY IN PANDEMIC TIMES: COVID-19

Food directly influences consumers' life quality. Therefore, in order to guarantee food quality and safety, it is necessary to develop better control methods for raw material, processing, transport, marketing and preparation of food. Once contaminated by microorganisms, food can promote the occurrence of diseases, generating an impact on public health. Since the emergence of COVID-19, the role of food in its transmission and dissemination among humans has been questioned. Despite the possible correlation of the disease with an animal source, there is still no precise information on the origin and transmission of the pathogen. Most infections are respiratory and can cause mild conditions up to acute severe respiratory syndrome, the main symptoms being fever, cough and difficulty to breath. There are no evidences that SARS-CoV-2 is carried by food or packaging. Thus, probably, or the virus is transmitted between people by secretions or indirectly by contaminated surfaces. Despite the lack of information on the potential risk of food consumed, avoid the consumption of uninspected, raw or undercooked food and food-related services must prioritize hygiene standards, a risk of avoiding cross-contamination.

Chemotype classification and biomarker screening of male Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. flower core collections using UPLC-QTOF/MS-based non-targeted metabolomics.

BackgroundIn the Chinese health care industry, male Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. flowers are newly approved as a raw material of functional food. Core collections have been constructed from conserved germplasm resources based on phenotypic traits and molecular markers. However, little is known about these collections’ phytochemical properties. This study explored the chemical composition of male E. ulmoides flowers, in order to provide guidance in the quality control, sustainable cultivation, and directional breeding of this tree species.MethodsWe assessed the male flowers from 22 core collections using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) non-targeted metabolomics, and analyzed them using multivariate statistical methods including principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).ResultsWe annotated a total of 451 and 325 metabolites in ESI+ and ESI− modes, respectively, by aligning the mass fragments of the secondary mass spectra with those in the database. Four chemotypes were well established using the ESI+ metabolomics data. Of the 29 screened biomarkers, 21, 6, 19, and 5 markers corresponded to chemotypes I, II, III, and IV, respectively. More than half of the markers belonged to flavonoid and amino acid derivative classes.ConclusionNon-targeted metabolomics is a suitable approach to the chemotype classification and biomarker screening of male E. ulmoides flower core collections. We first evaluated the metabolite profiles and compositional variations of male E. ulmoides flowers in representative core collections before establishing possible chemotypes and significant biomarkers denoting the variations. We used genetic variations to infer the metabolite compositional variations of male E. ulmoides flower core collections instead of using the geographical origins of the germplasm resources. The newly proposed biomarkers sufficiently classified the chemotypes to be applied for germplasm resource evaluation.

Quality evaluation of sweetpotato-based complementary food

Complementary Food (CF) was developed using locally available food raw materials (millet, soybean and sweetpotato) to tackle infant malnutrition especially in rural areas. Four different samples of CF were formulated using different ratios of millet flour (MF), sweet potato flour (SPF), soybean flour (SBF); A (55% MF, 30% SPF and 15%SBF), B (50% MF, 30% SPF and 20%SBF), C (45% MF, 30% SPF and 25%SBF), and D (40% MF, 30% SPF and 30% SBF). Commercial complementary food (Nutribom) was used as control sample. The proximate and functional properties of the formulated CF were determined. The following range of values were obtained for all the complementary samples, moisture (2.98-9.05%), protein (5.06-13.19%), fat (2.50-8.71%), fibre (0.13-2.19%), ash (1.26-2.31%) and carbohydrate (55.6-57.6%). The protein, fat and fibre contents of the complementary food increased while moisture, ash and carbohydrate contents reduced with an increase in the level of SBF. The water absorption capacity, swelling power, and bulk density of the complimentary food samples ranged between 28.00 and 43.67 ml/g; 2.86 and5.22 (g/g) and 0.69and 0.81 g/ml, respectively. The functional properties of the complementary food increased when compared with the control. The complementary food blends that could be regarded as appropriate formulation based on the exhibited quality attributes evaluated was sample B which contained 50, 30 and 20% of MF, SPF and SBF, respectively. This product can serve as an alternative to commercial weaning food to prevent protein-energy malnutrition, which may help in the growth and development of children among the poor populace.
 Keywords: Complementary foods, functional properties, proximate properties and minerals contents

Validation of analytical methods: case study

The study continues the research previously published in the article «Validation of analytical methods: the international requirements» (Zavod. Lab. Diagn. Mater. 2018. Vol. 84. No. 12, pp. 25 – 31). We consider the procedure and the results of validation of the measurement procedure for determination of the residual content of enrofloxacin in food using high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. The program of experimental studies and calculation formulas necessary to assess the metrological characteristics of the method are presented. Validation included assessment of the detection limit, quantitation limit, decision limit, capability of enrofloxacin detection in food samples in accordance with GOST 32797–2014 «Food products, food raw materials. Method for the determination of the residual content of quinolones using high performance liquid chromatography with a mass spectrometric detector». The linearity of the calibration characteristic within the measurement range is demonstrated using the regression analysis procedure. The values of the accuracy indicators and the measurement range specified in GOST 32797–2014 were confirmed when the method was implemented in a testing laboratory.

Single-cell oil production by Mortierella isabellina DSM 1414 using different sugars as carbon source.

Pure carbon sources, especially carbohydrates which are raw materials deriving from agro-industrial processes, are often used for small-scale single-cell oil production by fermentation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different pure carbon sources on cell growth, lipid accumulation, and γ-linolenic acid (GLA) production by the filamentous fungus Mortierella isabellina DSM 1414 (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen). The sugars utilized in this study are found extensively and abundantly in nature, especially in food raw materials and, in consequence, in agro-food industry wastes or surpluses. Thus, the potential of many waste materials containing these sugars to be used in the production of single-cell oil by fermentation could also be evaluated. The effects of the sugars utilized on cell growth, biomass production, and lipid production were investigated. Fatty acids were also analysed in the lipids produced at the end of the fermentations. Results showed that the maximum biomass production was 10.80 g/L in lactose-based media, while the maximum oil production was 5.44 g/L in maltose-based media. Oleic (20.42%-42.94%), palmitic (14.96%-22.19%), and stearic (9.00%-26.92%) acids were the major fatty acids along with linoleic acid (11.35%-18.67%) and GLA (3.56%-8.04%). The production of GLA as the target fatty acid was remarkable. This study indicates that agro-industrial waste including most of the sugars utilized (except for arabinose and sucrose with lipid production of 0.81 and 0.28 g/L, respectively) can be employed for production of single-cell oil by M. isabellina DSM 1414 which contains a high amount of GLA.

Ensuring environmental safety of the food industry: Influence on leadership positions in the economy

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the peculiarities of ensuring environmental safety of products of the food industry. The problems of ensuring environmental safety of the food industry have been identified and the current state and the trends of food industry development in Ukraine have been analyzed. For increasing the leadership positions of the food industry of Ukraine in order to ensure its environmental safety, it has been proposed to strengthen the effective interaction of all interested parties - the state, food industry enterprises, agricultural producers and research institutions. Keywords: Economy; Ecological safety; Food industry; Competitiveness References The Law of Ukraine On Quality and Safety of Food Products and Food Raw Materials As amended by the Laws of Ukraine // The Official Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine). 2005. No. 50. Art. 533. Shevchenko R.I. (2015) Environmental safety of food products: definition of the concept. Food Science and Technology. 1: 65-70. Romanko S.M. (2008) Economic and legal mechanism for providing environmental safety of agricultural products: Author’s Abstract…Candidate of Juridical Sciences: 12.00.06 / S.M. Romanco; National Agrarian University, K., 19 p. The Official Website of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Retrieved from: http://www.ukrstаt.gоv.uа Velychko O.V. (2011) Mechanism for formation of the national investment and innovation system of Ukraine: monograph / O. V. Velychko, M. M. Dubovykov, O. V. Liashchenko. Luhansk: Elton-2, 186 p. Nyzhnyk V. M. (2013) Mechanisms for increasing the competitive potential of industrial enterprises: monograph / edited by the Doctor of Economic Sciences, Prof. V. M. Nyzhnyk, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor M. V. Nikolaichuk. Khmelnytsky: KhNU. 347 p. Novoitenko I.V., Slobodian N.Ya., Malynovskyi V.V. (2016) Prospects for the development of the food industry in Ukraine. Global and National Problems of Economy: collections of scientific works. V.O. Sukhomlynskyi National University of Mykolaiv. 11: 454-460. Semenenko O.H. (2017) Analysis of food industry development in Ukraine. Economic Herald of the University. 33 (1): 168-182.

Food Price Volatility and Asymmetries in Rural Areas of South Mediterranean Countries: A Copula-Based GARCH Model.

Many discussions following the 2007/08 food price crisis have revolved around the magnitude of the negative impacts that it may have had on food security worldwide. In South-Eastern Mediterranean countries (SEMC), food security is strongly interrelated with several key economic and political issues. Many of these countries are becoming increasingly import-dependent, particularly on cereals, which are the essential raw material for human and animal food and feed. Due to both their economic system structure and consumption, the SEMC are responsible for a third of world cereals imports, whereas they account for only 5% of the world population. Given the set of constraints and this dependence on global markets, SEMC will be probably more exposed to severe swings in agricultural commodity prices in the coming years. In this view, this study examines the dependence structure among global food grain markets and Morocco and provides flexible models for dependency and the conditional volatility GARCH. A copula-based GARCH model has been carried out to estimate the marginal distributions of Morocco and world cereals commodity price changes. The results revealed that the joint co-movement between agricultural commodity price changes around the world and in Morocco, are generally considerable and there exists asymmetric tail dependence.

PROBATION OF THE IMPROVED UNINTERRUPTED PASTEURIZATION SET “TUBE IN TUBE”

There have been conducted probation studies of an improved uninterrupted pasteurization set “tube in tube” that allowed to provide modern market needs of consumers in getting high-quality food products that must undergo pasteurization stages at technological production. Heat delivery by FFREHRT is used in the set for providing heat flow distribution evenness. There has been established the optimal working space of processed raw materials by studying a temperature drop in the middle of the raw material flow and at the apparatus surface. At the width of the linear ring size of the working environment as 9.5 mm and the flow speed as 0.4 m/s there is provided the least temperature drop value as 0.7 °С. At decreasing the air gap width, the temperature drop value increases and at 5.5 mm is equal to 2 °С that favors the effectiveness decrease of the pasteurization process. According to results of comparative indices of the main composition and obtained quality of pasteurized cow milk, just the experimental sample, obtained at the probation of the offered apparatus is advantageous, comparing with a traditional. It is explained by the decrease of milk temperature processing at the expanse of double pasteurization by FFREHRT, comparing with the traditional pasteurization method. The conducted studies prove the effectiveness of constructive-technological solutions for realization of pasteurization in the set “tube in tube”: the use of two-side heating by FFREHRT that due to its technical parameters is able to take any geometric form of the working chamber and at that provides the necessary evenness of heat flow distribution. We must also note the improvement of exploitation parameters of the offered set, namely facilitation of the automatic control of temperature regulation and the absence of the steam coat and correspondent armature as in the traditional apparatus that decreases metal consumption essentially. The obtained results are urgent for using the presented invention for pasteurization of different food raw materials (milk, juice, low-alcohol beverages and so on). The use of the improved pasteurizer allows to decrease resource consumption and to improve the quality of obtained products

Prospects of improving the competitiveness of poultry enterprises in the egg direction

Poultry farming needs constant attention and analysis of trends under the influence of globalization changes. The aim of the work is to summarize the theoretical and practical aspects of improving the competitiveness and economic efficiency of poultry enterprises, to analyze the current state of the organization of chicken egg production, to develop and substantiate general recommendations for improving the state of poultry farming in specialized enterprises. The research methodology includes statistical methods and methods of economic and comparative analysis, etc. The article presents the results of research on the dynamics of poultry development in Ukraine, organizational structure of poultry farming, the general structure of distribution of egg production. Major poultry producers in Ukraine are under review. The main factors that influence the annual competitiveness of poultry enterprises are investigated. The export potential of poultry farming has been analyzed. The problems of modern problems and problematic directions of production of corresponding products concerning the smaller maneuverability of small poultry farms, their inability to influence the market conditions of the poultry breeding industry are investigated. The main threats to the activity of enterprises are determined, first of all, by external factors: the economic situation in the country, which affects the purchasing power of buyers, the level of prices for eggs, increased competition from large enterprises and enterprises of EU Member States, animal disease and the epidemiological situation in the country. Possibilities of further development of poultry farms were analyzed taking into account the existing potential and problems of modern poultry farming. The basic directions of improvement of competitiveness with the purpose of increase of efficiency of poultry farming are determined: improvement of biotechnological processes, improvement of methodological base of state supervision of quality and safety of foodstuff and raw materials; creation of up-to-date analytical frameworks and control of quality and safety of food raw materials and foodstuffs, etc.

TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEODESIC SOFTWARE OF ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ESTIMATION OF TERRITORIAL AGROGEOSYSTEMS

The state of the environment under the conditions of application of information systems based on the achievements of geoinformation technologies and data of aerospace and ground observations is studied. The concept of agroecosystems is analyzed and their main function is established, which is the production of food, plant and animal raw materials for light and food industries. Problems of creation of cartographic materials for display of agrogeosystems in an information field are considered. It is proposed to develop criteria for economic and environmental assessment of agrogeosystems, as well as the behavior of society in the use of natural resources. Economic and ecological criteria for assessment of territorial agrogeosystems are determined. The structural, functional and genetic features inherent in agrogeosystems are formed. The structural organization of agrogeosystems is considered, which causes significant changes in such indicators as sustainability and reliability. A new direction in geodesy is identified — economic and ecological mapping, where the role of thematic maps as a control tool is growing significantly. Thus it is possible to speak about creation of complex economic and ecological maps, a series of thematic maps, complex atlases, etc. The role of space photoinformation in the study of mapping of natural resources and phenomena is determined. Thematic tasks for topographic and geodetic support of ecological and economic assessment of territorial agrogeosystems, which can serve as a basis for the classification of spacecraft and remote sensing of the Earth. It is proved that topographic and geodetic support of ecological and economic assessment of territorial agrogeosystems should be based on modern technologies of collecting and processing geospatial topographic and geodetic information about agrogeosystems, regularly updated, as well as to ensure the reliability of information, accuracy of spatial elements. The main stages of topographic and geodetic support of ecological and economic assessment of territorial agrogeosystems are given.

Um percurso científico em construção a partir de uma feira de ciências: elaboração de barra de cereais utilizando produtos da agricultura familiar

The precariousness of scientific education is closely related to the precariousness of basic education in Brazil. Teaching and research are superimposed on the successful educational context that involves the teacher-researcher, learners and the scientific methodology. Through it, education professionals expand the way of generating knowledge and foster critical, exploratory and creative thinking. Constructivism claims that learning requires a positive environment. With this, the valorization of the knowledge of the subjects involved in the learning process, together with the exploration of the means of everyday life will enable teaching aligned with research. Science and technology fairs become excellent means of scientific and technological appreciation in school environments. In this context, this work aimed to report the methodological theory to produce the cereal bars with family farming products, from Feira de Ciências e Tecnologias (VII FECITEC) at IFBaiano, Campus Senhor do Bonfim. The research work was conducted by students from the Technical Professional Course in Agricultural and Livestock, within the scope of the discipline of agroindustry and obeys the flow of scientific methodology, from the planning of the event to the impacts observed at the end of the course. Each step of the process is detailed. Thus, this work encourages the production chain of food raw materials and the development of new food products. It also fulfills its purpose of promoting and enhancing the scientific methodology related to the educational routine from the VII FECITEC.

Хромато-масс-спектрометрический скрининг стойких органических загрязнителей в экомониторинге объектов жизнедеятельности

There are the results of the developed way of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) screening (OCP was classified by the Stockholm Convention (2001) as persistent organic pollutants (POP) by the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-detecting method for its simultaneous detection in vital activity objects (food, food raw material, food product, pathological animal material tissues, natural surface of waters) in this article. Preparation of the samples using solid-phase extraction (SPE) on cartridges «Diapak С18 Plus» or using the solid-phase extraction dispersion QuEChERS («quick», «easy», «affordable», «effective», «reliable», «safe») way (which contribute to high degree of detecting compound extraction) is preceding the GC/MS-detecting stage. Among the detecting ones in conditions of GCMS screening OCP are explored compounds that are included in POP «dirty» dozen: α-, β-, γ-isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and its biotransformation product – pentachlorocyclohexene, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), heptachlor, aldrine (HHDN), 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1-chloroethylene (p,p'-DDMU), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (4,4'-DDE), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (4,4'-DDD), 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (4,4'-DDT). The necessity of controlling the content of CO3 (caused by its bioaccumulation in vital activity objects) takes part in trophic paths and caused by them violation of the normal microbiota of the human, agricultural animals and plants, connected with practical methods of realization chemical and biological risks monitoring are one of priority directions of the government policy in chemical and biological safety area. The developed way of GC-MS-detecting range OCP is applied for monitoring in food, food raw material, food product, pathological animal material tissues, natural surface of waters. Quantitative detecting the OCP range on a level of GC-MS method sensitivity spend in selective ions (basic and confirmatory ions respectively) registration mode. This method characterizes by limit of detection that don't exceed maximum permissible level (MPL) content OCP in objects of environmental monitoring with a standard deviation 3-4%.

Perspective pretreatment method of beech and poplar wood and wheat straw in 2G biofuel production processing

Monosaccharides such as glucose, xylose and arabinose are the main monomer units of which cellulose and hemicelluloses are composed. The cellulose and hemicelluloses content in many biomass species makes them suitable for 2G bioethanol production. Today, when 1G bioethanol production is closely monitored due to its enormous consumption of food raw materials such as wheat or corn grains, larger companies are gradually moving to pilot operations of 2G bioethanol production. However, cellulose and hemicelluloses contained in biomass are only very slightly accessible to enzymes used in 2G bioethanol production. Therefore pretreatment methods such as steam explosion are very suitable to use for fractionation of cell structure. In this paper, we tested the cellulose accessibility. We compared the cellulose accessibility of wheat straw particles with wooden particles obtained from beech and poplar. Particle size was less than 0.7 mm. We identified the optimal conditions of steam explosion pretreatment at reaction temperature of 200 °C for wheat straw, poplar and beech wood particles. The main indicator of accessibility was concentration of monomers obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis. The concentration of monomer was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The experimental results showed different accessibility measure for each type of biomass species.