Ratio Of PVP Research Articles

Studies in Solid Solution Formation between Acetaminophen and Povidone and Mouth-dissolving Strip Formulation.

This invention reports the solubilization of Acetaminophen (ACM) within the Povidone (PVP K30) in the solid state for the first time. First-generation solid dispersions (SDs) were attempted with a different ratio of PVP K:30:ACM. SDs prepared were transparent, suggesting a solid solution (SS) formation, which was a serendipitous discovery. A minimum ratio of 1.25:1 PVP K30: ACM was required to form stable SS, suggesting discontinuous SS. A computational complex prediction tool, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the SS formation. The oral strip formulation was developed from the PVP K30: ACM SS using Polyvinyl alcohol as a film-former found to be optimum concerning physicochemical properties, offering rapid drug dissolution and taste masking. The designed strip is suitable for delivering a child's dose (100-150 mg). However, the developed SS can be formulated as tablets, capsules, or oral dissolving tablets to deliver adult doses with improved therapeutic benefits and patient compliance.

Enhancing photocatalytic efficiency and durability: Ag-modified CNS–TiO2 thin films for sustainable industrial wastewater treatment

This study explores a novel approach to address the persistent challenges encountered in recovering powder catalysts and achieving superior photocatalytic performance tailored for environmental remediation and industrial wastewater (IE) treatment. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA), chosen as the solvent through Liyanage classical equations and zeta potential measurements (−33.6 mV), sets the stage for investigating the critical role of the surfactant (PVP) and binder (SiO2) in optimizing colloidal stability, thin-film coating, and photocatalytic activity. Meticulous experimentation reveals a synergistic 10:1 g/L ratio of PVP and SiO2 solutions as the key to achieving a delicate balance in enhancing colloidal stability, facilitating thin-film coating, and optimizing photocatalytic kinetics (84 ± 3%, k = 0.0303 ± 0.002 min−1). Additionally, the study emphasizes the need for a holistic optimization approach, highlighting colloidal stability and film adhesion to unlock the full potential of these advanced photocatalytic materials in engineering applications.

Realization of High Mobility Synaptic Transistor through Control of Cross‐Linking Agent in a Polymer Dielectric Layer for Emerging Electric Double Layer

AbstractThe development of high‐mobility neuromorphic transistors is essential to increase signal transmission speed and solve the von Neumann bottleneck issue. Herein, this work proposes cross‐linked Poly(4‐vinylphenol) (c‐PVP) as a dielectric layer to form an electric double layer (EDL), which plays a key role in synaptic transistors, and measure the ratio‐dependent characteristics of cross‐linking agents in c‐PVP. When the ratio of PVP to poly(melamine‐co‐formaldehyde) methylated (PMF) is 10:1, neuromorphic transistors is found to show the best performance with a memory window of 2.2 V and a mobility of 93.4 cm2 V−1 s−1. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) results show that the reduction in the concentration of the cross‐linking agent generates more hydroxyl groups within the c‐PVP film. The 10:1 c‐PVP‐based synaptic device has an ultra‐low energy consumption of 15.8 pJ for a single pulse and a maximum paired pulse facilitation (PPF) index value of 291%. Additionally, synaptic characteristics, such as pulse duration time dependent plasticity, pulse intensity dependent plasticity, pulse rate dependent plasticity (SRDP), high band filtering, and short‐term memory (STM) conversion to long‐term memory (LTM), are also described and discussed. These results suggest that c‐PVP/ZnON‐based neuromorphic devices can be promising artificial synapses for memory and learning capabilities.

Enhanced Solubility and Dissolution Rate of Aceclofenac using Freeze Drying Technique

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether lyophilization or freeze-drying Aceclofenac could improve the solubility of the medicine, making it more easily dissolved into tablets. The drug aceclofenac is classified as a biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II medicine. The lyophilization process was facilitated by the addition of SLS as an adjuvant, which has the potential to enhance the dissolving rate. Aceclofenac was swiftly released from fast-dissolving tablets by including an appropriate ratio of PVP K-30. Aceclofenac from a lyophilized sample dissolved at a much faster pace than plain aceclofenac in-vitro. The amount of polymer had an effect on the dissolving rate. The dissolving efficiency of the drug and polymer is enhanced at a 1:2 ratio. Therefore, aceclofenac can be effectively dissolved using the lyophilization procedure.

Preparation of a ternary amorphous solid dispersion using hot-melt extrusion for obtaining a stable colloidal dispersion of amorphous probucol nanoparticles

In our previous reports, ternary amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of probucol (PBC)/polymer/surfactant were prepared by spray-drying and cryo-grinding, and colloidal dispersions of amorphous PBC nanoparticles were obtained by dispersing the ternary ASD into water. In this study, hot-melt extrusion, which is a practical method for preparing ASD formulations, was utilized to obtain ternary ASDs and colloidal dispersions of amorphous PBC nanoparticles. Polyvinylpyrrolidone K12 (PVP) with a relatively low Tg (below 100 °C) was used as a polymer, while poloxamer P407 (P407), which is chemically stable during the hot-melt extrusion process, was utilized as a surfactant. Ternary ASDs were successfully produced with high weight ratios of PVP and P407. A hydrogen bond between the PBC hydroxyl proton and PVP carbonyl oxygen in the ternary ASD was detected using solid-state NMR spectroscopy, suggesting that amorphous PBC was stabilized mainly by PVP. Stable colloidal dispersions of amorphous PBC nanoparticles were obtained from the PBC/PVP/P407 ASD at a weight ratio of 1:4:2. The mean particle size was below 200 nm and the amorphous state of PBC remained stable upon storage at 25 °C for 14 d. Solution-state 1H NMR and zeta-potential measurements suggested that P407 mainly stabilized the colloidal dispersion of amorphous PBC nanoparticles by steric hindrance at the solid/liquid interface. The findings of this study demonstrate that hot-melt extrusion can form practical ternary ASDs that provide colloidal dispersion of amorphous drug nanoparticles. Thus, this study advocates for the use of hot-melt extrusion in the design of an amorphous formulation for a variety of poorly water-soluble drugs.

All-Aerosol-Jet-Printed Carbon Nanotube Transistor with Cross-Linked Polymer Dielectrics.

The printability of reliable gate dielectrics and their influence on the stability of the device are some of the primary concerns regarding the practical application of printed transistors. Major ongoing research is focusing on the structural properties of dielectric materials and deposition parameters to reduce interface charge traps and hysteresis caused by the dielectric-semiconductor interface and dielectric bulk. This research focuses on improving the dielectric properties of a printed polymer material, cross-linked polyvinyl phenol (crPVP), by optimizing the cross-linking parameters as well as the aerosol jet printability. These improvements were then applied to the fabrication of completely printed carbon nanotube (CNT)-based thin-film transistors (TFT) to reduce the gate threshold voltage (Vth) and hysteresis in Vth during device operation. Finally, a fully aerosol-jet-printed CNT device was demonstrated using a 2:1 weight ratio of PVP with the cross-linker poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) methylated (PMF) in crPVP as the dielectric material. This device shows significantly less hysteresis and can be operated at a gate threshold voltage as low as -4.8 V with an on/off ratio of more than 104.

Synthesis of cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose and poly (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) hydrogel for sustained drug release optimized by Box-Behnken Design

This research aims to fabricate and characterize chemically crosslinked CMC/PVP-co-poly (AMPS) based hydrogel for the sustained release of model drug metoprolol tartrate through the free radical polymerization technique. Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize CMC/PVP-co-poly (AMPS) hydrogel by varying the content of reactants such as; polymers (CMC and PVP), monomer (AMPS), and crosslinker (EGDMA). Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was crosslinked chemically with AMPS with a constant ratio of PVP by the ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinker in the presence of sodium hydrogen sulfite (SHS)/ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS) as initiators. After developing CMC-based hydrogels using different polymers, monomer, and crosslinker concentrations, this study encompassed dynamic swelling, sol–gel fraction, drug release and chemical characterizations such as FTIR, XRD, TGA, DSC, and SEM. In vitro drug release and swelling were performed at 1.2 and 6.8 pH to determine the sustained release pattern and pH-responsive behavior. These parameters depended on the crosslinker, polymer, and monomer ratios used in the formulation development. XRD, SEM, and FTIR showed the successful grafting of constituents resulting in the formation of a stable hydrogel. DSC and TGA confirmed the thermodynamic stability of the hydrogel. Hydrogel swelling was increased with an increase in the ratio of monomer; however, an increase in the ratio of polymer and crosslinker decreased the hydrogel swelling. In vitro gel fraction and drug release also depended on polymer, monomer, and crosslinker ratios. The fabricated CMC/PVP-co-poly (AMPS) hydrogels constituted a potential system for sustained drug delivery.

DEVELOPMENT OF BINARY AND TERNARY COMPLEX OF CEFUROXIME AXETIL WITH CYCLODEXTRIN FOR IMPROVING PHARMACEUTICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Objective: The current research objective is systematic development and characterization of binary and ternary inclusion complexes of cefuroxime axetil with β-cyclodextrin to improve its pharmaceutical characteristics by using the kneading method.
 Methods: Phase solubility study was carried out using Higuchi and Connors method. Based on its result, binary complexes of cefuroxime axetil with different ratio of β-cyclodextrin were developed and characterized using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD). Then, binary complexes were analyzed for in vitro dissolution testing. The ternary complexes were developed using different ratio of PVP K-30 as a ternary component and evaluated for in vitro dissolution testing and in vitro taste masking.
 Results: Binary complex of cefuroxime axetil with β-cyclodextrin (1:1) showed better drug release than pure drug. During the development of the ternary complex, β-cyclodextrin (1:1) and 1% w/v PVP K-30 as a ternary agent resulted in an optimized ternary complex. The DSC, FT-IR and XRD studies clearly revealed the formation of binary and ternary complexes. The ternary complex showed better drug release of>85% within 30 min. in comparison to binary complex. The in vitro taste-masking study revealed the taste masking efficiency of the ternary complex of cefuroxime with β-cyclodextrin.
 Conclusion: The developed binary and ternary complex of cefuroxime axetil based on β-cyclodextrin with PVP K-30 showed improved in vitro dissolution rate and taste masking in comparison to pure drug. The drug release was better in ternary complexes. The present research work successfully shows the utility of binary and ternary complexes for improving pharmaceutical characteristics of cefuroxime axetil.

PVP-encapsulated CoFe2O4/rGO composites with controllable electromagnetic wave absorption performance

Nowadays, developing electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers with lightweight, broad bandwidth and strong absorbing capacity is of great importance in electromagnetic radiation issue. In this work, a novel PVP encapsulated CoFe2O4/rGO composite is designed and synthesized by a facile hydrothermal technique. Noticeably, by altering the additive amount of PVP, the microstructure and morphology of CoFe2O4/rGO@PVP ternary composites can be effectively tuned. A typical capsule structure with a length of about 140 nm and a diameter of about 90 nm is obtained, where CoFe2O4/rGO binary composite is covered by PVP. Further, the electromagnetic parameters of as-synthesized CoFe2O4/rGO@PVP samples can be adjusted well by changing the weight fraction of PVP. Particularly, when the mass ratio of PVP to Fe(NO3)3·9H2O is 2, a maximum reflection loss (RL) value at 15.7 GHz with a thin thickness of 1.96 mm is −56.8 dB, Meanwhile, its effective absorption bandwidth (RL < −10 dB) is 6.8 GHz (from 10.64 to 17.44 GHz) with a thickness of 2.2 mm. Considering the specific CoFe2O4/rGO@PVP capsule structure, the possible mechanism of the enhanced EMW absorption is deeply investigated. Herein, a new route to improve the microwave absorbing performance of rGO-based composites is presented. Owing to its excellent EMW absorption performance, the obtained CoFe2O4/rGO@PVP composite can be considered as a promising and suitable candidate for high-performance EMW absorbers.

Chemical remediation of Aflatoxin B1 using encapsulated polyvinylpyrrolidone as an environmental-friendly control.

Aflatoxins (AFs) are difuranocoumarin derivatives produced as secondary metabolites by fungi belonging to several Aspergillus species. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most potent naturally occurring hepatic carcinogens to both human and animals and is classified as a group (1) human carcinogen. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the effect of encapsulating polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP 10, 360 and 1300 kDa)-Tannic acid complexed nanoparticles (PVP-TA NPs) inside yeast cell walls (YCW) to remediate AFB1 in the gastrointestinal models. Glucan Mannan Lipid Particles (GMLPs) from Saccharomyces cescerevisie cell walls showed the highest AFB1 adsorption in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) after 10 min, and in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) after 1 h. Glucan Mannan Lipid Particles are hollow 3–4-micron porous microspheres that provide an efficient system for the synthesis and encapsulation of AFB1-absorbing nanoparticles (NPs). Although tannic acid (28%) was released from GMLP particles after three water washes, only 10, 5.6 and 7.6% of the total loaded TA was released when complexed with optimal ratios of PVP 10, 360 and 1300kDa; respectively. Fluorescence microscopic images supported the conclusion that PVP TA complexed NP cores were successfully synthesized inside the GMLPs. Encapsulation of PVP TA NPs inside GMLPs significantly increased the stability of the GMLP encapsulated PVP TA NPs formulation. Data also showed that AFB1 adsorption by the multi-functional GMLP PVP-TA NPs was enhanced synergistically in SGF and in SIF binding compared to individual GMLP.

Aerobic Oxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to High-Yield 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic Acid by Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-Capped Ag Nanoparticle Catalysts

An efficient method for the catalytic aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA) was developed using size-controlled Ag nanoparticles (NPs) in an aqueous solution. A series of AgNPs catalysts stabilized by poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) supported on ZrO2with different Ag loadings were prepared. XRD, TEM, XPS, and FT-IR techniques were used to characterize the nature of these catalysts. The impact of the Ag loading, the molar ratio of PVP to Ag, the reaction temperature and time, and the base type on the conversion of HMF and yield of HMFCA was investigated. The reaction results show that Ag–PVP/ZrO2 catalysts with a bigger particle size (>10 nm) exhibited superior catalytic activity and HMFCA selectivity compared to Ag/ZrO2 with a smaller particle size (ca. 8.5 nm), indicating that the addition of PVP has a promoting effect on the aerobic oxidation of HMF into HMFCA. The 2.5%Ag–PVP/ZrO2(1:1) catalyst presents an excellent activity with 100% conversio...

Preparation and Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanowires

Silver ions have superior bactericidal properties, and their bactericidal activity ranks second among all metals (mercury ranks first, toxic, not used now). Due to its unique physical and chemical properties, nano-silver has also received increasing attention from researchers, and its antibacterial properties are far superior to traditional silver ion bactericides, such as silver nitrate and silver sulfadiazine. But the properties and performance of nanosilver materials depend on their size and morphology.In this paper, the nano-silver line was prepared by the polyol method. By controlling the ratio of AgNO3and PVP, the concentration of NaCl and the acidity and alkalinity of the reaction solution, the effects of reaction time and reaction temperature on the morphology and diameter of the silver wire were investigated. The antibacterial properties of nanosilver were determined by the perforation inhibition method. The experimental results showed that as the reaction temperature increased, the silver particles in the product decreased significantly, the diameter of the silver wire tended to be uniform, but the diameter increased. Finally, the optimal reaction temperature for preparing the silver oxide wire by the polyol method was 150 °C, the reaction time was 10 hours, and the diameter of the silver wire was 100 nm to 200 nm. Based on the measurement of the antibacterial diameter of nano-silver with different morphologies on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, it can be found that nano-silver with different morphologies has excellent antibacterial effect, and silver cube is superior to silver particles and nano-silver lines.

Morphological control of hydrothermally synthesized cobalt oxide particles using poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)

The hydrothermal synthesis of Co3O4 particles using cobalt nitrate as the precursor and citric acid as a weak chelating agent was modulated using poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) to control the shape and size of the resulting particles. The molar ratio of PVP to the cobalt in the precursor solution was key to controlling the particle morphology. In the absence of PVP, large truncated cube-like particles with a bimodal size distribution (200 and 1450 nm) are formed. When the molar ratio of PVP/Co is less than ≈ 0.5, the particle size is generally invariant. As the molar ratio of PVP/Co is increased from 0.5 to nearly 2, the cubes with rounded edges are formed, but the hydrodynamic diameter decreases from nearly 1.4 μm to 800 nm at a molar ratio of 1.8. At PVP/Co > 2, there is a significant decrease in the particle size down to 142 nm at PVP/Co = 3.5 and the shape becomes spherical, but the particles remain crystalline, characteristic of Co3O4. The size of Co3O4 particles was also determined using scanning electron microscopy. This size is consistent with the particle size obtained from dynamic light scattering. A competitive growth mechanism between free cobalt ions and PVP-bound cobalt ions in the solution was proposed to explain the influence of PVP on the size and shape of the Co3O4 particles. Due to heavy metal specificity for the binding with PVP and the crystal space group for metal oxides, the evolution in particle shape is not universal with no apparent change in the shape obtained over a similar PVP concentration range for iron oxide.

Preparation and characterization of solid dispersions of celecoxib obtained by spray-drying ethanolic suspensions containing PVP-K30 or isomalt

Celecoxib (CLX) is an anti-inflammatory drug that is used for acute pain treatment, but it has very low oral bioavailability owing to its poor water solubility. In this study, CLX solid dispersions are prepared by spray-drying using hydrophilic carriers with the aim of improving its apparent solubility and dissolution rate. Blends with different ratios of CLX, isomalt (ISO) and PVP were prepared in ethanol, and solid dispersions were obtained using a spray dryer. The saturation solubility and dissolution kinetics in 0.25% SLS and 0.04 M Na3PO4 containing media were determined. Also, SEM, DSC, XRPD, and stability studies were used to characterize the systems. Physicochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of amorphous CLX in the spray dried samples. The saturation solubility and dissolution rate of CLX from these formulations were higher than those for pure celecoxib and its physical mixtures. Amorphous CLX showed a lower dissolution rate compared to its crystalline form in 0.25% SLS medium, while this tendency was reversed under alkaline conditions. The CLX:PVP:ISO 3:5:2 spray dried sample showed the highest dissolution rate in both media. Exposure of samples to high moisture (75% humidity) recrystallized some of the amorphous CLX. Thus, the results showed that the dissolution rate of CLX was enhanced in 0.25% SLS, whereas a reduction in dissolution rate was observed in 0.04 M Na3PO4.

Preparation of Silver Nanowires with High Aspect Ratio and Influence of Reaction Conditions on the Morphology Size.

Silver nanowires with high yield, uniform size and high aspect ratio were successfully synthesized by a simple and effective polyol method under low temperature and quiescent conditions, adopting CuCl2·2H2O as the nucleation control agent for the first time. The synthesized silver nanowires were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results indicate that the silver nanowires were composed of face-centered cubic structure of pure metallic silver with high crystallinity. And the silver nanowires have an average length of 80~100 μm and an average diameter of 40~80 nm. Thus, the aspect ratio of the nanowires was greater than 1000. In addition, the influence on the morphology and structure of the silver nanowires were investigated for reaction temperature, mole ratio of PVP:AgNO3, molecular weight of PVP and mole ratio of control agent CuCl2 · 2H2O:AgNO3. Finally, the optimum reaction condition were obtained for the preparation of the silver nanowires with high aspect ratio.

Blood cell separation by novel PET/PVP blend electrospun membranes

Aiming to develop filters to efficiently remove leukocytes from whole blood, we fabricated blended fibrous mats by electrospinning of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidon) (PVP) solutions (15 wt%) at different ratios of PVP in a trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)/dichloromethane (DCM) solvent system. The results showed that incorporation of up to 5 wt% PVP significantly enhanced the viscosity of electrospinning solution and the mechanical strength of electrospun mats. Fibrous membranes showed uniform and smooth fiber morphology with the least diameter distribution recorded for the hydrophilic blend containing 5 wt% PVP. This blend demonstrated the highest platelet permeation (above 90%). Performance of the membranes in retention of white blood cells (WBCs) showed that fiber diameter is the most influential parameter. Finally, effect of multilayered filters on removal/retention of WBCs/(RBCs + platelets) from whole blood was evaluated and showed that removal of WBCs increased significantly with the number of the layers, while RBCs + platelets content remained almost unchanged.

Controllable synthesis of nanostructured ZnCo2O4 as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

Nanostructured ZnCo2O4 anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been successfully prepared by a two-step process, combining facile and concise electrospinning and simple post-treatment techniques. Three different structured ZnCo2O4 anodes (nanoparticles, nanotubes and nanowires) can be prepared by simply adjusting the ratio of metallic salt and PVP in the precursor solutions. Charge–discharge tests and cyclic voltammetry (CV) have been conducted to evaluate the lithium storage performances of ZnCo2O4 anodes, particularly for ZnCo2O4 nanotubes obtained from a weight ratio 2 : 4 of metallic salt and PVP polymer in the precursor solution. Remarkably, ZnCo2O4 nanotubes exhibit high specific capacity, good rate property, and long cycling stability. Reversible capacity is still maintained at 1180.8 mA h g−1 after 275 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g−1. In case of rate capability, even after cycling at the 2000 mA g−1 current density, the capacity could recover to 684 mA h g−1. The brilliant electrochemical properties of the ZnCo2O4 anodes make them promising anodes for LIBs and other energy storage applications.

Influence of PVP molecular weight on the microwave assisted in situ amorphization of indomethacin

In situ amorphization is an approach that enables a phase transition of a crystalline drug to its amorphous form immediately prior to administration. In this study, three different polyvinylpyrrolidones (PVP K12, K17 and K25) were selected to investigate the influence of the molecular weight of the polymer on the degree of amorphization of the model drug indomethacin (IND) upon microwaving. Powder mixtures of crystalline IND and the respective PVP were compacted at 1:2 (w/w) IND:PVP ratios, stored at 54% RH and subsequently microwaved with a total energy input of 90 or 180kJ. After storage, all compacts had a similar moisture content (∼10% (w/w)). Upon microwaving with an energy input of 180kJ, 58±4% of IND in IND:PVP K12 compacts was amorphized, whereas 31±8% of IND was amorphized by an energy input of 90kJ. The drug stayed fully crystalline in all IND:PVP K17 and IND:PVP K25 compacts. After plasticization by moisture, PVP K12 reached a Tg below ambient temperature (16±2°C) indicating that the Tg of the plasticized polymer is a key factor for the success of in situ amorphization. DSC analysis showed that the amorphized drug was part of a ternary glass solution consisting of IND, PVP K12 and water. In dissolution tests, IND:PVP K12 compacts showed a delayed initial drug release due to a lack of compact disintegration, but reached a higher total drug release eventually. In summary, this study showed that the microwave assisted in situ amorphization was highly dependent on the Tg of the plasticized polymer.

Preparation of Silver Nanoparticles in Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)/Ethanol Solutions

Silver nanoparticles have been synthesized from Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)/ethanol solutions, and six different PVP to silver nitrate weight ratios (PVP:AgNO3) are studied in reduction of silver nitrate in ethanol with the presence of PVP as a stabilizer. The produced silver nanoparticles showed strong plasmon resonance peak centered at around 405[Formula: see text]nm in UV-Vis spectra. The particle morphologies were also examined and compared under secondary electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was utilized to determine the formation of silver nanoparticles. We found that the particle size and morphology were strongly dependent on the PVP:AgNO3 weight ratio. The average size of silver particles decreased from 19.25[Formula: see text]nm to 10.03[Formula: see text]nm as the weight ratio of PVP:AgNO3 increased from 1:1 to 20:1.

Microwave-assisted polyol method rapid synthesis of high quality and yield Ag nanowires

In this study, high quality and yield Ag nanowires (NWs) have been fabricated via a microwave-assisted polyol technique by adding sodium bromide (NaBr) into the solution. In our experiments, the Ag NWs with diameters from 45 to 200nm are rapidly prepared in 3min. The fabrication parameters, such as the powers of microwave, concentration of NaBr solution, molar ratio of PVP:AgNO3, and the time of microwave, have been investigated in detail. Ag NWs with adjustable diameters can be obtained by adjusting the microwave powers and the NaBr solution concentration. The different microwave powers can provide different reaction energy, result in different reaction rate during the ultrafast nucleation and growth process. The Br− ions can enhance oxidative etching effect and decrease the diameters of the Ag NWs. Our works provide a new and facile approach for the large scale synthesis of Ag NWs with adjustable diameters by simply adjusting microwave powers and the NaBr solution concentration.