Rational Thinking Research Articles

Amygdala Hijack: Contemporary Insights into Causes, Correlates and Consequences

This study explores the phenomenon of amygdala hijack, where the amygdala, a key brain structure involved in emotional processing, overrides rational thinking during intense emotional experiences. The objective of this study is to provide contemporary insights into the causes, correlates and consequences of amygdala hijack through a systematic literature review of various databases and selected articles. The study is organized into several sections and subheadings to provide a comprehensive understanding of the hijack phenomenon. These sections include understanding the causes of amygdala hijack, exploring its correlates, and examining its consequences. Intervention approaches are also discussed, along with implications for individuals, clinicians and researchers. The relevance of this study lies in its contribution to the understanding of emotional processing and decision making. By delving into the amygdala hijack phenomenon, this research enhances our knowledge of how emotions can override rational thinking and influence behavior. This has implications for areas such as psychology, neuroscience and psychiatry. Limitations of the study are acknowledged, and future research directions are proposed to further explore the complexities of amygdala hijack. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the amygdala hijack phenomenon, highlighting its impact on individuals and suggesting recommendations for future research and intervention strategies.

Co-design challenges: exploring collaborative rationality and design thinking in the urban design process

ABSTRACT This research investigates the inherent challenges within the urban design process. It argues for the importance of co-design, a collaborative approach involving stakeholders. Through the lenses of ‘collaborative rationality’ and ‘design thinking’, the study explores the implementation of co-design. Employing qualitative methods including content analysis and specialised techniques, the research aims to develop a conceptual framework for operationalising co-design during the design stage. This framework emphasises fostering mutual understanding among stakeholders. It will be structured as a multi-level and multi-factorial process, existing within a cyclical model of discovery, ideation, conceptualisation, and evaluation.

Benchmark comparison study on metal single atom versus metal nanoparticle in photoredox catalysis: Which is better?

Reducing the size of metal nanoparticle (NP) cocatalyst down to single-atom level to improve photocatalytic efficiency is inevitably accompanied by the changes of its coordination environment, geometric configuration, electronic structure and active site. Thus, the construction of single metal atom (SA) photocatalyst is not necessarily a panacea for activity improvement toward target catalytic reactions. Herein, we report a critical and benchmark comparison in a reasonable framework of ZnIn2S4/Pt NP (ZIS/Pt NP) and ZnIn2S4/Pt SA (ZIS/Pt SA) towards photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution, aiming to demonstrate which is better between Pt NP and Pt SA as cocatalyst in boosting photoredox catalysis. Mechanism study proves that the higher charge separation/transfer and weaker H* adsorption strength over ZIS/Pt NP than ZIS/Pt SA promote the more effective reduction of protons to H2, leading to the higher activity of ZIS/Pt NP than ZIS/Pt SA. Our work is expected to timely inspire the critical and rational thinking on the function and intrinsic mechanism of SA and NP cocatalysts in enhancing the photoredox catalysis performance.

Reaction to Disease and Coping Strategies in Stressful Situations among Psoriasis Patients: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: In the contemporary world, a cult of perfection is being created, and deviations from such an ideal image are becoming socially unacceptable. A particular situation arises when a defect or symptoms of a disease appear on the skin, which, in the case of people suffering from psoriasis, are a source of stress, dissatisfaction with the disease, and a reduction in quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess whether the quality of life related to the occurrence of psoriasis and the level of acceptance of the disease affect coping strategies in stressful situations. Methods: The study involved 111 people with common psoriasis (46.8% women and 53.2% men). Inclusion criteria were as follows: a diagnosis of common psoriasis for at least 0.5 years, no other types of psoriasis, no mental illnesses, and an informed consent of the respondent to participate in the study. In order to compile the research input, a proprietary questionnaire was used along with the following standardised tools: the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). Results: The duration of the disease in the studied population varied and ranged from 0.5 years to over 50 years. Most respondents showed relatively low DLQI scores, with an average value of 10.8 points. In stressful situations (CISS), the respondents primarily used a strategy based on rational thinking (Task-oriented coping), with approximately 54 points on average; followed by an avoidant style (Avoidance-oriented coping), with approximately 50 points on average; and least often an emotional style (Emotion-oriented coping), with approximately 46 points on average. The average level of disease acceptance (AIS) in the studied group equalled approximately 26 points. Conclusions: Psoriatic lesions on the torso caused less rational behaviour in stressful situations (a decrease in the Task-oriented coping) in women but had the opposite result in men, whereas psoriatic lesions on the head stimulated the use of Task-oriented coping in women but had the opposite result in men. The higher the acceptance of the disease (AIS) presented by the respondents, the less often they used an emotional strategy (Emotion-oriented coping) in stressful situations. The higher the quality of life (DLQI) was, the lower the values of Emotion-oriented coping were noted.

Pastoral Counseling and Care for People with Depression That Leads to Self-Harm and Suicidal Ideation

Pastoral counseling and care are essential efforts for people with depression that leads to self-harm and suicide. Therefore, patients should get full and continuous recovery by restoring themselves through rational thinking and gaining hope and spirit to live a normal life. This study is based on a literature review. It concludes that depression is a serious mental illness that should be handled properly and ideally. In addition, patients can have proper recovery and reconciliation. Finally, this research is expected to contribute to solving the problem of people with depression that leads to self-harm and suicide by providing an action to value, forgive, and love themselves based on the given steps of pastoral counseling and care. Keywords: pastoral counseling, depression, self-harm, suicide

Rational Thinking Of Harun Nasution: The Renewal Of Islamic Moral Education In Indonesia

Education aims to realize the perfection of civilization and human dignity. Education is also always in process and undergoing renewal according to the time required, all with a standard that produces good intellectual, moral, and spiritual qualities for students. Harun Nasution (1919-1998), as the object of this literature research, had progressive ideas and contributions regarding moral education in Islamic education reform, both in his thought arguments and in the development of institutions. This was confirmed when he was at IAIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta by getting used to rational, scientific reform thinking to grow and develop at the Islamic University. In arguing for renewal, Harun emphasizes the importance of a sensible attitude in strengthening moral education so as not to be trapped in traditional thinking. Therefore, every ritual and other religious obligation taught in educational institutions must not be interpreted only as knowledge ordered according to law and its formal form but must aim to realize noble moral development. Therefore, the main instrument in building moral education for Harun Nasution is always to use ratio and heart to maintain balance in life. Students are seen as righteous when they understand that thinking or reasoning is the task of science, honing morals, and the heart is a religious task, but both must have a balance. The creation of spiritual and physical balance indicates upholding moral education. On the other hand, social inequality will occur when the balance of knowledge and morals is lost. Keywords : Harun Nasution, moral education, rational thinking.

Qualitative research on undergraduate nursing students' recognition and response to short videos’ health disinformation

BackgroundWith the popularity of the internet, short videos have become an indispensable tool to obtain health information. However, avoiding health disinformation owing to the openness of the Internet is difficult for users. Disinformation may endanger the health and lives of users. ObjectiveWith a focus on the process of identifying short videos' health disinformation and the factors affecting the accuracy of identification, this study aimed to investigate the identification methods, coping strategies, and the impact of short videos’ health disinformation on undergraduate nursing students. The findings will provide guidance to users on obtaining high-quality and healthy information, in addition to reducing health risks. MethodsSemi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 22 undergraduate nursing students in October 2022, and data were collected for collation and content analyses. ResultsThe techniques used to identify short videos that include health disinformation as well as how undergraduate nursing students perceived these videos' features are among the study's findings. The failure factors in identification, coping paths, and adverse impacts of short videos on health disinformation were analyzed. The platform, the material itself, and the students' individual characteristics all have an impact on their identifying behavior. ConclusionsMedical students continue to face many obstacles in identifying and responding to health disinformation through short videos. Preventing and stopping health disinformation not only requires individual efforts to improve health literacy and maintain rational thinking, it also requires the joint efforts of short video producers, relevant departments, and platforms.

Role of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data in Sustainable Entrepreneurship

There is a pressing necessity to shift our economy, society, and culture to systems and actions that promote ecological sustainability. This radical transformation necessitates an equally radical transformation of resource utilization and decision-making strategies. Sustainable entrepreneurship (SE) is frequently touted as the solution to the triple-bottom-line challenges that businesses encounter; however, there are tangible constraints on its potential. SE is currently in the first phase of implementing technological frontier tools that provide empirical guidance throughout the entrepreneurial decision-making process. The potential for artificial intelligence (AI) to inform decision-making is advanced by Big Data (BD), which also establishes pathways to attain desired outcomes. The interactions between AI, BD, and SE have been generally under-studied thus far. The absence of work that consolidates and synthesizes this literature is the primary focus of this conceptual paper. We propose that AI and BD are capable of rapidly contributing to the continued sustainable development of the weak form, but they also hold significant potential for attaining the strong sustainability ideal. We present two proposals for the integration of AI and BD to inform and facilitate SE. Finally, we outline potential areas for future research. The core of human cosmology and ethics has always been the definition of his uniqueness. He ceased to be the species situated at the center of the universe, accompanied by the sun and stars, with the arrival of Copernicus and Galileo. He ceased to be the species that was created and specially endowed by God with soul and reason with the arrival of Darwin. With Freud, he ceased to be the species whose behavior could potentially be regulated by the rational mind. He has ceased to be the species that is uniquely capable of complex, intelligent manipulation of his environment as we begin to produce mechanisms that think and learn.

Divine Obligations as Theodicy in Leibniz’s Jurisprudence and Metaphysical Theology

Leibniz’s jurisprudence and theory of natural law, which began development as early as the 1660s, has implications for his mature theodicy. In this essay, it is shown that based on an analysis of a few key jurisprudential texts, the Nova Methodus (1666), the Elementa Juris Naturalis (1670–1671), and the Codex Juris Gentium Diplomaticus (1693), Leibniz developed the legal term ‘obligatio’ from Roman Law and the Spanish Jesuit traditions, but that his usage shifted at different stages of his life. Nevertheless, these views are compatible and provide a grounding for his philosophical optimism. It is further shown that Leibniz took the concept of obligatio to provide something like legal standing (locus standi or klagebefugnis) so that rational minds can undergo the theodicean project, that is, because God has obligations to substances, they can seek an explanation for their suffering from God. And because human reason is analogous to divine reason, according to Leibniz, God provides the explanation that the actual world is the best possible world. The goal, then, is to prove that we should take Leibniz’s insights into jurisprudence more seriously, at least in part, because they help to explain his philosophical optimism.

Tipologi Kepribadian Bob A. Sitorus dalam Kumpulan Puisi Haru Hara: Kajian Psikoanalisis Carl Gustav Jung

This research aims to determine the personality of Bob A. Sitorus and the factors influencing his personality in the poetry collection "Haru Hara." The study employs a qualitative descriptive method to clearly and thoroughly describe and explain the data. The primary source of data is the book "Haru Hara," published by Obelia Publisher in 2023. Data collection involved listening and note-taking techniques, and the analysis was conducted using Carl Gustav Jung's Psychoanalytic theory. The results indicate that Bob A. Sitorus's personality can be understood through both conscious and subconscious realms, consisting of mental function and mental attitude. His personality type is identified as feeling-introverted. The unconscious structure is divided into the personal unconscious, including rational thinker aspects, and the collective unconscious, represented by the anima-archetype. Factors influencing his personality are personal unconscious elements such as maturity, love motives, and frustration, as well as collective unconscious elements like biological and religious factors.

Intuiting or rationalising self-other agreement in leadership?

PurposeCongruent self-other agreement in leadership evaluations is associated with positive outcomes such as work unit performance. In contrast, poor self-other agreement in leadership evaluations is associated with negative outcomes such as leaders making ineffective job-relevant decisions. This study examined whether the extent of leaders’ preference for intuitive and rational thinking predicted self-other agreement in leadership evaluations.Design/methodology/approachSelf-ratings and follower ratings of transformational leadership were analysed for 160 dyad pairs of leaders and followers (n = 320). Leaders self-rated their preference for rational and intuitive thinking. Response surface analysis was used to model the relationship between self-other agreement and leaders’ thinking styles.FindingsAs ratings of transformational leadership increased in both leaders and followers, we observed higher scores on preferences for both rational and intuitive thinking. Leaders’ preference for intuitive thinking showed a curvilinear relationship with self-other agreement, such that more intuitive thinking was related to higher leader–follower congruence in ratings of transformational leadership. We further uncovered that higher leader preferences for rational thinking were related to increased leader–follower disagreement in transformational leadership ratings.Originality/valueResearch has focused more on the outcomes than antecedents of self-other agreement in leadership. Thinking styles have undergone limited examination as antecedents of self-other agreement in leadership evaluations. Thinking styles are semi-malleable traits that can be used for the selection of leadership potential and developed to improve leadership performance. The current research suggests that relationships between thinking styles and self-other agreement on leadership effectiveness are more complicated than first thought.

How to Include Artificial Bodies as Citizens

This essay ponders on the thorny issue of including artificial beings under the category of “citizen.” The increasing humanization of the artificial being, it suggests, prevents us from seeing and treating the machine as a being. But if the humanoid robot performs all the functions of a human being, and acquires cultural traits such as emotional intelligence, rational thinking, or altruism, then on what grounds do we deny it the same status as a human person? Conversely, as more and more humans are cyborged, through transplants, implants, and prostheses, resulting in an erasure of their “core” humanity, then what is the difference between such a cyborged human with human rights and an artificial being?

When the Dark Employee Takes an Irrational Turn: Exploring the Intersection of Dark Personality Traits and Work-Related Beliefs

An individual’s disposition towards work is influenced by various factors, including cognitive perception of reality. The attitudes individuals hold towards work are not always based on rational thinking and are also influenced by personality traits. Current research findings suggest that personality traits predict irrational beliefs, which in turn lead to different forms of maladjustment. These personality traits, commonly referred to as the Dark Triad, encompass Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. These traits exhibit several shared characteristics with workaholism, a condition associated with irrational beliefs pertaining to work performance. This study aimed to explore the associations between irrational beliefs regarding work and the aversive personality traits. The results indicated a positive correlation between Machiavellianism and work-related irrational beliefs, particularly in relation to failure and control. Narcissism exhibited a positive association with co-workers’ approval. Psychopathy demonstrated a significant positive correlation with control and a negative correlation with performance demands. Regression models were employed to explain the variance in work-related irrational beliefs, ranging from 5.4 to 8.3%. This research builds upon previous studies that have examined workaholism, irrational beliefs, and personality traits, mostly Big Five. By linking the Dark Triad to specific irrational beliefs about work, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how detrimental personality traits can influence workplace dynamics and individual work attitudes, extending beyond the broader categories typically studied under the Big Five personality traits. This insight is valuable for developing targeted interventions to address and mitigate the impact of these traits in professional settings.

The Role of Emotionality, Self-efficacy, Rational- and Intuitive- Thinking Styles in Advanced Chess Expertise

"Literature is scarce regarding the psychological predictors of chess expertise and A-level chess performance. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed and conducted on a total number of 90 Hungarian and Romanian competitive chess players. More than half were males, the average age was 32.07 (SD=12.99). The study aimed to explore the predictive influence of age, gender, number of hours spent practicing, preferences for rational and intuitive thinking styles, self-efficacy, and emotionality on the likelihood of obtaining a publicly accessible ELO rating within the range of 1800-2500 (indicating at least A-level expertise or higher). Binary logistic regression was applied to examine the weight of each predictor. Results: The data evinced the statistically significant role of gender, and rational thinking style on A-level chess expertise and from all the conclusive predictors the most determinant was the rational thinking style which raised the chance of high expertise more than 60 times. Conclusions: Practice contributes positively to the development of A-level competence. However, the most crucial factor in predicting high chess expertise and performance is the preference for rational thinking style. Keywords: chess expertise, ELO rating, A-level, emotionality, self-efficacy, rational thinking, intuitive thinking, practice, adults"

MYSTIC, SUPERSTITIONS AND SOCIETY: AN EXPLORATION OF THE BELIEF NARRATIVES OF KAKCHING

In the modern age, where science and rational thinking have taken the reign over everyday life, it may seem like the world of superstitions is a chronicle of the past. However, it is still embedded into the present society as it is a habitual behavior which has been ingrained by the older generation of society. So, where does these superstitious beliefs come from and in what form do they exist in this day and age where science has become the solution for every question? The answer lies in folklore and its narratives, which have stemmed from the society. The paper will focus on the belief narratives which have been used to create an avenue for the superstitions within the belief system as well as validate such beliefs. The creation of the belief system is as old as the society itself. Traditionally, they are transmitted orally through generations, amalgamating into the pedagogical space of the society. In the old days, circumstances or situations caused either by nature or supernatural forces were explained through these narratives, which made it easier for the members of society to accept them. Belief narratives take the form of independent narratives or are integrated into other folk narratives, especially myths and legends. Generally, since myths and legends are believed to be factual and historical, they are rarely questioned by the people, thereby assimilating into the identity and belief system of the society. As such, the paper will bring forth the belief narratives of Kakching and question their position within contemporary society. Furthermore, by analyzing the socio-cultural elements embedded within these narratives, it will help the readers understand how these narratives have helped in shaping the social, cultural and behavioral patterns of the people of Kakching.

Exploring the Path to Dance Industrialization: A Case Study of Promoting Chinese Dance Teaching Materials

Purpose – The study presents an in-depth investigation into the industrialization pathways of dance, with a focus on the promotion of Chinese dance textbooks, as a symbol of cultural exchange in the era of globalization. The aim is to explore the potential and methods of industrializing dance while emphasizing its significance for the dissemination of Chinese culture. Design/Methodology/Approach – The paper examines the intersection of artistic creation and commercial operation, proposing a strategy that harmonizes the two through the inductive summary of practical bases and rational thinking, accompanied by forward-looking speculation. It discusses the critical role of Chinese dance textbook promotion in the industrialization of dance and sets specific developmental goals over different periods: short-term (2 years), medium-term (10 years), and long-term (20 years). Findings – By setting stage-specific targets for the dissemination of Chinese dance textbooks, this research not only offers a practical guide to the industrialization of dance but also proposes beneficial strategies and insights for promoting Chinese dance culture. The study articulates detailed promotional strategies across various spectrums like market expansion, unique selling propositions, enrollment diversification, and performance marketing, aiming to widen the influence of Chinese dance textbooks effectively. Research Implications – This paper enriches the theoretical and practical understanding of dance industrialization. By emphasizing Chinese dance as an integral component of Chinese culture, the study advocates for dance education and industrial models, contributing to the diversification of global cultural development. It also anticipates the prospective landscape of promoting Chinese dance textbooks and cultural propagation through industrialization.

Examining moral values in the policy document and in the contents of moral texts: An overview

This article aimed to scrutinize moral values in the contents of moral texts and in the policy document. Having this aim, the researcher used document analysis (policy documents and moral textbooks). The education system has missed the chief aim of education which is the formation of character achieved through moral education. The blind reliance on Western education costs us much and the moral matters have been weakened by Western education which has controlled our youth’s thinking. Although holistic human personality requires virtues like rational thinking, and preserving one’s cultural values and moral principles, these traits have not been central to the objectives of education and this has immense implications for the behavior of students. The recently introduced moral textbooks were far from dealing with the valid contents of moral issues. To heal our education system, there is a need to rethink the objectives of education of the country and prepare appropriate moral texts for the renewal of the eroded Ethiopian moral values.

Internalisasi Konsep Burhani dalam Pembelajaran: Strategi peningkatan Nalar Kritis Siswa

Current education shows that students' critical thinking skills are often underdeveloped due to learning approaches that focus more on knowledge transfer than exploration and problem solving. Burhani epistemology, which emphasises rational and analytical thinking, offers an alternative approach that can improve students'ccritical thinking skills. This study aims to examine how the internalisation of burhani epistemology in learning can improve students' critical thinking skills. The research method used is a qualitative approach with the method of documentation study and literature analysis. The research was conducted by analysing literature review and document analysis of teaching materials. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis techniques. The results showed that the internalisation of burhani epistemology in learning improves students' critical thinking skills. Through the implementation of the burhani concept will have a positive impact on the development of students' reasoning power, learning that involves rational and examination of a problem, the function of reason will automatically be wide open. Through the concept of burhani reasoning, thinking and study are carried out comprehensively on the verses of the Qur'an, of course it can minimise the occurrence of blind taklid to religious teachings, for that learning through the burhani concept will give students more freedom in making discoveries and giving birth to new theories in learning activities. The results of the study confirm that the internalisation of burhani epistemology in learning can have a positive impact on the development of students' critical thinking skills. Recommendations for wider application of this concept as well as training for teachers in the burhani method are suggested to improve the quality of education and maximise students' intellectual potential.

Rational Thinking in Complex Qualitative Business and Management Research Using Systems Methodologies.

This paper describes the application of Systems Methodologies when dealing with complex qualitative business and management research studies, when seen in their true light, as “wicked projects”. It will demonstrate the power, flexibility and effectiveness of these approaches. This paper focuses on studies undertaken by mostly part-time postgraduate students on Business and Management related degrees who are managers in their full-time roles. Such research studies in the “messy” real world often deal with complex, difficult, unstructured and ill-defined problematic situations, with many stakeholders, multi-perspectives, uncertainties, soft factors. Hence “wicked projects”. Systems methodologies and Soft OR (Operational Research) are very suitable approaches for structuring the research project, gathering data, carrying out rigorous analysis, and enabling clear, unbiased and rational thinking. They provide the researcher with a fully informed holistic approach. They have been employed successfully by the author, when supervising, or in collaboration with students undertaking research studies or dissertations. Soft systems methodologies are not mainstream, and thus are often ignored in university research methods courses, and rarely mentioned in business research methods books. Yet they help the student design the project, help the supervisor guide the project, enable clear communications between the participants in the research, and aid collaboration. They are highly efficient and effective, and will deliver “joined-up thinking!” The paper will describe the studies carried out, and methods and techniques chosen. They have proved of real value to the students, not only in their degrees but also in the learning and development needed for their ongoing managerial roles, to the organisations in question, and to advance knowledge in the particular field.

Developing a fuzzy comprehensive assessment model for English translation for college studentso

College students are learning a foreign language must know how to translate the spoken or written content from the respective language into English. These approaches do not help the college students to develop the capacity for rational thinking and adequate the motivation for the English translation. The educational principles are not in line with the qualities of the students in the typical English translation classroom teaching, and the teaching methods are out-dated. In the older process of the teaching English translation, many unreliable, vague aspects need to be considered, such as recognizing students’ fundamental English knowledge, unique circumstances, language proficiency, cultural differences, and the ambiguity of the source language. The main issue with the current English translation evaluation methodology is that it cannot be easily to deal with thecomplex fuzzy indices when judging the accuracy of the student translations. An algorithm named FCAM-AHP-ANFIS is proposed to provide an effective and accurate method for evaluating and predicting students’ English translation outcomes to overcome the traditional shortcomings. According to the proposed approach, students can learn about passive translation, but they may struggle to actively improve their translation skills. College students can benefit from the decision-making aid provided by the extensive evaluation technique due to its high availability and precision. The fundamental benefit of the fuzzy technique over more traditional forms of the assessment is that it accounts for the ambiguity and uncertainty of the making judgments at the human level and provides a coherent framework that includes the indistinct findings of the several steps in evaluating an English translation. The Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment Model (FCAM) is a decision-making method that uses the fuzzy logic to assess the quality of English translations among the college students. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is employed to calculate each criterion’s relative importance and determine the optimal weighting for each criterion utilized in the assessment model. The Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is used to analyze the translated data and generate predictions for the students’ translation outcomes. The experimental outcomes show the accuracy of the English translation assessment scores are 95.6% with 97% precision, 96% recall, and 96.5% of f1-score metric in addition to Root Mean Square (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE).