Rational Composition Research Articles

Модификация металлорежущих пластин из безвольфрамового твердого сплава марки КНТ16 непрерывными ионными пучками

This work is devoted to the problem of developing technological operations aimed at improving the structure and properties and, as a result expanding the scope of metalcutting inserts from tungsten-free hard alloys. The search for alternative analogues of traditional tungsten-cobalt hard alloys is an urgent task of modern materials science, due to the high cost and shortage of their components. In this paper, we study the effect of a continius ion beam on the change in the morphology, mechanical properties, and performance characteristics of metal-cutting inserts made of tungsten-free hard alloy grade KNT16 (TiCN-NiMo). It has been found that the effect of continuous ion beams leads to a significant change in the wear resistance of cutting plates during turning operations on mediumcarbon steel 40KhN. A rational composition of the ion beam has been established, in which the cutting plate is subjected to the least wear after completion of the test cycle. Using the methods of scanning electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy, a study of the microrelief and morphology of the surface of the samples is carried out.

Optimization of electromagnetic wave absorption properties of CoNi/MoSe2 composites with 3D flower-like by controlling the Co/Ni molar ratio

Developing composite materials with a rational composition structure has been a critical strategy to obtain superior electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption materials. CoNi/MoSe2 composites were synthesized by a two-step method in this work. Firstly, the flower-like MoSe2 was synthesized by hydrothermal method, and then the CoNi alloy was loaded on the MoSe2 surface by an electroless plating method. It is worth noting that in this paper, PdCl2 was not used for activation during the electroless plating process, and the flower-like structure of MoSe2 was not destroyed. In order to investigate the effect of different Co/Ni molar ratios on the absorption performance of the CoNi/MoSe2 composites, three samples with Co to Ni molar ratios of 1:3, 1:1, 3:1 and two other samples with only one metal (Ni or Co) were prepared. The analysis results show that the minimum reflection loss(RL) value of Ni/MoSe2 is −18.01 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EAB) of Co/MoSe2 is 2.16 GHz. In comparison, the CoNi/MoSe2 composite exhibits the best EM wave absorption performance when the Co/Ni ratio is 1:3, and the minimum RL can reach −48.6 dB at a matching thickness of only 1.8 mm. And when the matching thickness is 1.4 mm, the broadest EAB is 3.76 GHz. Therefore, this work provides a new research idea for the design of broadband and efficient EM wave absorbers.

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ДИНАМИЧЕСКОЙ ВЯЗКОСТИ НАПОЛНЕННЫХ КОМПОЗИЦИЙ НА ОСНОВЕ ТЕРМОРЕАКТИВНОГО ЛИТЬЕВОГО ПОЛИУРЕТАНА

The studies of the dynamic viscosity of compositions based on a two-component polyurethane compound with fillers in the form of shungite, talc and basalt fiber in an amount of 3% vol. and adding an organic solvent of dichloromethane in an amount of 10% wt. are described. According to the study results, it has been found out that the most rational compositions for molding into elastic molds are those that contain shungite and talc as fillers.

The influence of alloying with manganese and chromium of steel hardened and tempered auger on its relative wear resistance during dehydration in a municipal solid waste truck

The article is dedicated to the study of the influence of alloying with manganese and chromium followed by hardening and tempering of the auger on its wear resistance during the dehydration of municipal solid waste truck. The use of a mathematical apparatus and appropriate regression analysis programs made it possible to determine the dependence of the wear resistance of the auger on the content of manganese and chromium in the steel of the auger for the case of its quenching and tempering. Constructed graphical dependences of relative wear resistance with the indicated alloying and heat treatment of the screw revealed a significant influence of the concentration of manganese and chromium in steel, sufficient convergence of the obtained patterns was confirmed. It was established that after operation and wear on the path s = 56850 m during the dehydration of solid waste in a garbage truck, an increase in the manganese content in the steel of the heat-treated screw from 0.32% to 1.8% leads to a decrease in energy intensity by 10 kWh/tons, and an increase chromium content in screw steel after similar heat treatment from 0% to 6% leads to a decrease in energy consumption by 11.5 kWh/tons and to a reduction in the cost of the solid waste dehydration process in the garbage truck. It was determined that tempering the chromium-manganese screw steel after its hardening allows reducing energy consumption by 1.26...2.56 kWh/tons, depending on the chromium content. The expediency of conducting further research on determining the rational composition and structural state of the auger material and ways to increase its wear resistance has been revealed

Lead-Free Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics with Ultrahigh Energy Storage Densities via Polymorphic Polar Nanoregions Design.

One of the long-standing challenges of current lead-free energy storage ceramics for capacitors is how to improve their comprehensive energy storage properties effectively, that is, to achieve a synergistic improvement in the breakdown strength (Eb ) and the difference between maximum polarization (Pmax ) and remnant polarization (Pr ), making them comparable to those of lead-based capacitor materials. Here, a polymorphic polar nanoregions (PNRs) structural design by first introducing 0.06mol BaTiO3 into Bi0.5 Na0.5 TiO3 is proposed to construct the morphotropic phase boundary with coexisting structures of micrometer-size domains and polymorphic nanodomains, enhance the electric field-induced polarization response (increase Pmax ). Then Sr(Al0.5 Ta0.5 )O3 (SAT)-doped 0.94 Bi0.5 Na0.5 TiO3 -0.06BaTiO3 (BNBT) energy storage ceramics with polymorphic PNRs structures are synthesized following the guidance of phase-field simulation and rational composition design (decrease Pr ). Finally, a large recoverable energy density (Wrec ) of 8.33Jcm-3 and a high energy efficiency (η) of 90.8% under 555kVcm-1 are obtained in the 0.85BNBT-0.15SAT ceramic prepared by repeated rolling process method (enhance Eb ), superior to most practical lead-free competitors increased consideration of the stability of temperature (a variation <±6.2%) and frequency (Wrec > 5.0 cm-3 , η > 90%) at 400kVcm-1 . This strategy provides a new conception for the design of other-based multifunctional energy storage dielectrics.

PECULIARITIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT OF PERFORMANCE OF WORKS AT THE STAGE OF ZERO CYCLE DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE SHOPPING AND ENTERTAINMENT CENTER IN ZAPORIZHZHIA

Purpose. Research and evaluation of existing methods and determination of features of development of the project of performance of works, formation of recommendations on designing of the project of performance of works, definition of construction tactics during production of works of zero cycle of construction object, i.e. definition of the most effective and safe ways of performance of complexes of works energy savings. Methodology. An important role in the study is played by the formation of knowledge and skills of modern design and technological approach to solving problems of construction, orientation of organizational and technological processes to achieve end results with reduced time and money, rational composition of machines and mechanisms and mastering the methodology of construction. Findings. The working project for the removal of external sewerage networks at the object New construction of the shopping and entertainment center «Khortitsa Mall» on the street. Speedboat, 8 / street Kryva Bukhta, 2 in the city of Zaporizhia, as well as additional information from foreign and domestic sources was studied, standard projects that have already been implemented in the city of Zaporizhia were analyzed. In the course of the work a technological map for the removal of external sewerage networks was developed, as it is the main document of the project, which includes a set of guidelines for substantiation of rational organizational and technological decisions in compliance with the rules of safety and safety. Originality. On the basis of design and technological documentation, normative base, scientific researches the model of competent systematization of data of development of the project of performance of works with use of scientific and normative sources that helps to systematize and facilitate work on development of the project of production of works is received. Practical value. Application of methods of development of design and technological documentation is one of the main directions of regulation of construction works by the most effective methods, optimum structure of crew, sets of construction cars and mechanisms, providing reduction of terms of construction, reduction of labor intensity, estimated cost and improvement of quality of construction works.

Effects of the SLC38A2-mTOR Pathway Involved in Regulating the Different Compositions of Dietary Essential Amino Acids-Lysine and Methionine on Growth and Muscle Quality in Rabbits.

In recent years, ensuring food security has been an important challenge for the world. It is important to make good use of China’s domestic local feed resources to provide safe, stable, efficient, and high-quality rabbit meat products for China and the world. Lysine and methionine are the two most limiting essential amino acids in the rabbit diet. However, little is known about the rational composition of lysine and methionine in rabbit diets and the mechanisms that affect growth and development. Accordingly, in this study, we sought to address this knowledge gap by examining the effects of different compositions of lysine and methionine in rabbit diets. Subsequently, the growth status, nitrogen metabolism, blood biochemical indexes, muscle development, muscle quality, and the growth of satellite cells were evaluated in the animals. The results showed that diets containing 0.80% Lys and 0.40% Met improved average daily weight gain, feed conversion, nitrogen use efficiency, and muscle quality in the rabbits (p < 0.05). Additionally, it altered the amino acid transport potential in muscle by upregulating the expression of the SLC7A10 gene (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the cell viability and the rate of division and migration of SCs in the 0.80% Lys/0.40 % Met composition group were increased (p < 0.05). SLC38A2 and P−mTOR protein expression was upregulated in the 0.80% lysine/0.40% methionine composition group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, 0.80% Lys/0.40% Met was the most suitable lysine and methionine composition in all tested diets. SLC38A2 acted as an amino acid sensor upstream of mTOR and was involved in the 0.80% Lys/0.40% Met regulation of muscle growth and development, thus implicating the mTOR signaling pathway in these processes.

Promoting the Electrocatalytic Ethanol Oxidation Activity of Pt by Alloying with Cu

The development and commercialization of direct ethanol fuel cells requires active and durable electro-catalysts towards the ethanol oxidation reactions (EOR). Rational composition and morphology control of Pt-based alloy nanocrystals can not only enhance their EOR reactivity but also reduce the consumption of precious Pt. Herein, PtCu nanocubes (NCs)/CB enclosed by well-defined (100) facets were prepared by solution synthesis, exhibiting much higher mass activity (4.96 A mgPt−1) than PtCu nanoparticles (NPs)/CB with irregular shapes (3.26 A mgPt−1) and commercial Pt/C (1.67 A mgPt−1). CO stripping and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments indicate that the alloying of Cu enhanced the adsorption of ethanol, accelerated the subsequent oxidation of intermediate species, and increased the resistance to CO poisoning of PtCu NCs/CB, as compared with commercial Pt/C. Therefore, alloying Pt with earth-abundant Cu under rational composition and surface control can optimize its surface and electronic structures and represents a promising strategy to promote the performance of electro-catalysts while reduce the use of precious metals.

Tailoring the Cs/Br Ratio for Efficient and Stable Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells

Wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskites are promising candidates for front cells in tandem devices. Taking advantage of composition engineering, most WBG perovskites are successfully obtained by heavy Br or Cs doping. However, the role of Cs/Br ratio in crystallization, phase homogeneity, and stability are fuzzy. Herein, three perovskites with a bandgap of 1.68 eV via tailoring the Cs/Br ratio are systematically studied, that are Cs0.15FA0.85PbI2.5Br0.5, Cs0.3FA0.7PbI2.7Br0.3, and Cs0.4FA0.6PbI2.8Br0.2. It is found that the Br‐rich precursor film undergoes ultrafast crystallization, forming a 3D structure with random crystal orientation, while Cs‐rich systems demonstrate a 2D‐dominated intermediate phase. After annealing, all the precursor films transform into (100)‐oriented perovskite films, and Cs0.3FA0.7PbI2.7Br0.3 perovskite presents the highest crystallinity, lowest microstrain, and best‐phase homogeneity. As the Cs/Br ratio changes, both Cs and Br ions show the ability of arising phase segregation in the perovskite films. Increasing Cs content significantly improves the thermal stability, but heavy Cs content also sacrifices the air stability. Among the three systems, Cs0.3FA0.7PbI2.7Br0.3 solar cells offer the highest efficiency of 20.17% with superior air, light, and thermal stability. The findings highlight the importance of rational composition design to achieve high‐quality WBG perovskite films for tandem applications.

The cost of diversity in livestock feed rations.

This study investigates the financial cost of increasing the diversity of cereal grains in livestock feed rations. We first develop a nonlinear mathematical programming model that determines the least-cost composition of livestock feed rations of one metric ton that have at least the same energy and nutrient content as a reference feed ration. We then add into the model a diversity constraint using the Simpson Index of diversity to examine how changes in the diversity of the commodities in the ration affect the cost of the ration while maintaining the ration's energy and nutrient content at a reference ration value. We apply the model to cereal grain feed rations for livestock in 153 countries, using reference rations that depict the historical composition of cereal grain feed rations offered to livestock in each country. Results suggest that a one percent change in ration diversity changed the ration cost (i.e., the cost-diversity elasticity) from -0.67% to 1.41% (average = -0.02%) across all countries. Our results suggest that changes in ration diversity can come at a financial cost, but this financial cost appears negligible in many countries. This negligible cost could provide the feed sector more encouragement to diversify its feed supply and potentially become more resilient to price and production shocks.

Fantastic Foods and Where to Find Them-Advantages and Disadvantages of Nutri-Score in the Search for Healthier Food.

The composition and quality of food rations and the intake of nutrients with the diet are undoubtedly reflected in our health. In order to help the consumer choose the right food product, food manufacturers use front-of-pack labels, which are designed to convey concise information about the nutritional value of the product. Such labels include the Nutri-Score system. In this paper, we have critically analyzed this system. As the available data indicate, this system does not take into account a number of factors that affect the quality of a food product, including the size of the package, the contents of vitamins, minerals, and other selected health-promoting ingredients, the degree of processing, or the fatty acid profile of the product, and it discriminates against regional products, organic products, and juices and nectars. This system, although intuitive and created with good intentions, still has quite a few flaws that must be addressed before it can be considered to correctly indicate the nutritional value of food products.

Composing On-Program Triggers and On-Demand Stimuli into Biosensor Drug Carriers in Drug Delivery Systems for Programmable Arthritis Therapy.

Medication in arthritis therapies is complex because the inflammatory progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) is intertwined and influenced by one another. To address this problem, drug delivery systems (DDS) are composed of four independent exogenous triggers and four dependent endogenous stimuli that are controlled on program and induced on demand, respectively. However, the relationships between the mechanisms of endogenous stimuli and exogenous triggers with pathological alterations remain unclear, which results in a major obstacle in terms of clinical translation. Thus, the rationale for designing a guidance system for these mechanisms via their key irritant biosensors is in high demand. Many approaches have been applied, although successful clinical translations are still rare. Through this review, the status quo in historical development is highlighted in order to discuss the unsolved clinical difficulties such as infiltration, efficacy, drug clearance, and target localisation. Herein, we summarise and discuss the rational compositions of exogenous triggers and endogenous stimuli for programmable therapy. This advanced active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) implanted dose allows for several releases by remote controls for endogenous stimuli during lesion infections. This solves the multiple implantation and local toxic accumulation problems by using these flexible desired releases at the specified sites for arthritis therapies.

Thermo-mechanical properties and CMAS resistance of (Ho0.4Yb0.3Lu0.3)2SiO5 solid solution for environmental barrier coating applications

Rare earth monosilicate (RE2SiO5) is one of the most promising candidates as an environmental barrier coating (EBC) for SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites. But single-component RE2SiO5 is hard to meet the multiple and harsh performance requirements of EBC which brings a significant challenge to their applications. Based on our previous research on single-component RE2SiO5 ceramics, (Ho0.4Yb0.3Lu0.3)2SiO5 solid solution was designed and successfully fabricated in this work. Doping of multiple RE elements endows (Ho0.4Yb0.3Lu0.3)2SiO5 with excellent thermal insulation properties and matched thermal expansion coefficient with SiCf/SiC substrates. In addition, it exhibits lower elastic modulus and comparable hardness than that of single-component RE2SiO5. (Ho0.4Yb0.3Lu0.3)2SiO5 also presents good resistance to calcium-magnesium alumino-silicates (CMAS) corrosion. Rational composition design allows (Ho0.4Yb0.3Lu0.3)2SiO5 to retain the merits of single-component RE2SiO5 while taking advantage of the solid solution effect. The results of this work suggest (Ho0.4Yb0.3Lu0.3)2SiO5 as a promising EBC candidate.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO DETERMINATION OF EVACUATION BASIC PARAMETERS OF INJURED PERSONNEL OF OPERATIONAL GROUPING OF TROOPS USING DIFFERENT MEANS OF TRANSPORT

The timing of the evacuation of the wounded is a critical factor that largely determines the fate of the injured soldier. At present, despite considerable efforts to provide the Armed Forces of Ukraine with weapons and military equipment as well as logistical support, including medical equipment and assets, in particular basing as well on international technical aid, the problem of the absence of the required number of specialized medical evacuation means has not been resolved.&#x0D; From this point of view, the question of the correct formation of requirements for rational composition and specially equipped various types of vehicles (including sanitary transporters, ambulances), also general use, casualty evacuation systems, Identifying the possibility of its further improvement through the methodological apparatus is topical.&#x0D; The existing system of military evacuation of the injured and ill people is a four level system where all critically and moderately injured are evacuated. Regarding this, the evacuation system of the injured persons might be considered as queuing network, which has a range of peculiarities. First of all this network of queuing is an open network of queuing service, in other words the flow of applications for the network input is unlimited, homogeneous and is carried out from an external independent source. As a result of the calculations the data were received on the figures of network parameters (average number of requests in queues, average number of requests in the network, average waiting time for requests in service queues, average time of request in the network) and parameters of each queuing system which is operating in the network queuing, – transmission ratio, input flow intensity, downloading ratio, average number of occupied channels, average number of requests in the queuing system, average queue length, average waiting time of the request in the queue for being served, the average time of the request in the queuing system. Analyzing the calculated data from the point of view of creating a rational open queuing network, the system of the injured persons evacuation reaches its maximum efficiency when its productivity on processing the incoming flow of the requests is on its maximum level, and such parameters as the number of service requests in the queue and the number of service channels operating in the network are on its minimum level.

Tasks and methods for optimizing the composition of program and project executors in the strategic planning system

Purpose: the purpose of the study is to improve the quality and effectiveness of strategic planning in the system of public authorities of the Russian Federation by improving the procedure and tools for determining the rational composition of executors of development programs and projects in the conditions of state governance digitalization. Methods: when managing the composition of participants in development programs, a systematic approach was used to analyze the impact on obtaining the expected results and achieving the set goals of the degree of compliance with the nature of the planned activities, the number of members and the competency profile of potential executors. The task of determining a rational set of participants in development programs and projects is formulated and solved using methods for optimizing professional and qualification characteristics when choosing applicants from a finite set of potential performers. Results: in the course of the study, the essence, parameters, factors and conditions for the substantive formulation of the problem of determining the composition of the executors of development programs and projects were determined. The state of institutional support for planning the resource support of development programs and projects is characterized. A mathematical model for assessing the characteristics of professional competencies and optimizing the choice of participants for the implementation of planned program activities has been formed. The algorithmic and computer tools for solving the problem are determined taking into account the specification of the electronic data of the digital platform for supporting strategic planning processes and the possibilities of using intelligent technologies to identify and optimize the profile of professional competencies of executors of strategic planning documents developed in the framework of programming. conclusions and Relevance: the obtained scientific results develop the provisions of the theory of program-target management in the system of public authority, and can also be used to improve the institutional framework for strategic planning of the Russian Federation and methodological support for the development of development programs and projects. The proposed analytical tools make it possible to increase the level of validity and feasibility of the developed plans through the use of the method of conjugated assessment of specialization profiles of program activities and the competence of potential executors.

METHODS AND MODELS OF RESEARCH OF INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS AND COMPETITIVENESS OF PROJECT-ORIENTED ENTERPRISE IN THE PROCESS OF CREATING INNOVATIVE HIGH-TECH

The subject of the research is the investment attractiveness of enterprises producing competitive products with modern component architecture. The aim of the article is to develop complex methods for research of investment attractiveness of projects on creation of new high-tech products with component architecture. Tasks to be solved are: to use component method for the analysis of innovativeness of created high-tech products; to study investment attractiveness of an innovation project with the use of expert assessments and the method of planning experiments; to substantiate the composition of a diversification project portfolio for investment taking into account the limited possibilities of the enterprise based on the method of integer optimization; to study the performance of the project portfolio using agent-based imitational modeling. Methods used are: system analysis, component design, multi-criteria optimization, expert assessment and agent-based simulation modeling in the form of applied information technology. The results have been obtained: the analysis of investment attractiveness of projects on creation of new high-tech products with component architecture is carried out. The architecture of a complex product built with components from previous positive development experience is investigated. A classification of possible components in the architecture of a complex product is created. A set of indicators for assessing the investment attractiveness of an innovative component-based product is formed. The qualitative assessments of experts for the main indicators of the component composition of the product in the form of linguistic variables are proposed. The use of multifactor experiment to assess the investment attractiveness of a project to create a complex product with a component-based architecture is proposed. An optimization model for selecting the rational composition of components in an innovative product is developed. An agent-based simulation model is built to study the performance of work on the preparation of production of innovative products on a component basis. Conclusions: The use of a set of developed methods and applied information technology for the creation of high-tech products with component-based architecture allows you to plan a diversification portfolio of projects with investment attractiveness and competitiveness of products.

Production performance of fattening Bali cattle using farmer pattern in Oelatsala Village, Taebenu Sub-district of Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara

The Bali cattle fattening business in Kupang district is faced with the fact that the development and productivity of cattle in general is still low, one of which is because of the feed factor. Farmers have various ways to obtain forage to fulfill their fattening animal feed. This study aims to know the production performance of fattening Bali cattle using farmer pattern. The method used in this study is survey using observation and laboratory analysis. Animal sampling technique is random sampling so that 36 cattle (20% out of total fattening cattle) spread in five hamlets. The data obtained are analyzed by calculating the mean and standard deviation. The variables observed consisted of daily weight gain, daily linear body size, feed consumption, digestibility, feed conversion and percentage of botanical ration composition. The results showed that average of daily weight gain was 0.28 ± 0.259 kg/h/d; average of linear body size increased (body length was 0.06 ± 0.037cm /h/d; chest circumference was 0.07 ± 0.0563 cm/h/d, and shoulder height was 0.04 ± 0.0291 cm/h/d; Consumption of DM/BW was 2.5%, consumption of DM was 3.78 kg, consumption of OM was 3.22kg; digestibility of DM was 58.97%; digestibility of OM was 61.53%; conversion of feed (13.5) and feed efficiency was 7.4%; with botanical composition feed of fattening Bali cattle (based on fresh matter) were leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) 85.2%, sesbania (Sesbania grandiflora) 5.49%, banyan (Ficus sp) 2.92%, banana stems (Musa paradisiacal) 2.52%, acacia (Acacia leucophloea) 1.33%, cassava stem (Manihot utilisima) 1.17%, kname / babui (Brousonetia papyritera) 0.52%, timo (Timonius timun) 0.38%, hibiscus (Hibiscus rosasinensis) 0.37%, and busi (Melochia umbellata) 0.28%;. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that 1) the use of local feed is quite varied according to the availability at the farmers level; 2) the production performance of fattening Bali cattle at the farmer level was still low (0.28 ± 0.259kg /h/d) compared to the potential of Bali cattle optimum growth at 0.5-0.6kg /h/d.

Influence of Using Various Levels of Protein Concentrate in Rations of Ayrshire Dairy Cows on Rumen Microbiome, Reproductive Traits and Economic Efficiency.

Simple SummaryNumerous studies in animal nutrition science have demonstrated a close connection between the chemical composition and nutritional value of cow diets, the number of rumen bacterial communities and animal productive and reproductive performance. Thus, the microorganisms of cow rumen play a primary role in the processes of digestion; meanwhile, it is necessary to highlight that their functional significance is much wider. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of the inclusion of different levels of protein concentrate in rations of Ayrshire dairy cows in relation to the rumen microbiome, reproductive traits and economic value. Our manuscript presents molecular biological studies to establish the quantitative and specific composition of the microorganisms of the rumen. T-RFLP analysis was performed to determine the percentage of the components of the bacterial community. The results showed that the supplementation of “Agro-Matic” caused no deviations from the normal standards of cellulolytic, amylolytic, transit and pathogenic bacteria, no impact on reproductive traits and significantly improved the profitability of the milk production process. These findings provide a scientific addition for a greater understanding of the rumen microbiome of dairy cows when supplemented by different levels of protein concentrate in their rations.Animal feeding research has revealed a close relationship between the chemical composition and nutritional value of cow rations, the number of rumen bacterial communities and animal productivity. Our present research aimed to investigate the outcome of inclusion of different levels of protein concentrate in rations of Ayrshire dairy cows in relation to the rumen microbiome, reproductive traits and economic value. Forty-five Ayrshire cows were divided into three groups (15 in each). The first control group 0 AM was fed the basal ration, while the second 1 AM and third 2 AM groups were fed the basic ration with the sunflower cake replaced by different levels of protein concentrate Agro-Matic (1 and 1.5 kg/head/day, respectively). Ruminal fluid samples, reproductive parameters and economic value were studied. During the early lactation period, 120 days in milk (DIM), the number of pathogenic microorganisms decreased in both the 1 AM and 2 AM groups when compared with the control group 0 AM; moreover, a significant decrease in Peptococcus bacteria was recorded in the 1 AM group, while Fusobacterium decreased in the 2 AM group. At the end of lactation, the total number of cellulolytic bacteria increased with the use of protein concentrate in animals of the 1 AM group when compared with the control group. Regarding undesirable bacteria, the 2 AM group recorded the highest value for Lactobacilli and Actinobacteria when compared with the 0 AM group (0.18 and 8.90 vs. 0.04 and 4.24), and the differences were significant (p < 0.05). The insemination index and the duration of the days open period decreased in the 2 AM group, while the differences were p > 0.05. The profitability of milk production increased by 2.76% and 6.28% in both supplemented groups, and the differences compared to the 0 AM group were significant. We conclude that the supplementation of Agro-Matic caused no deviations from the normal standards of cellulolytic, amylolytic, transit and pathogenic bacteria, no impact on reproductive functions and significantly improved the profitability of the milk production process of Ayrshire dairy cows.

Spatial Patterning of Fluorescent Liquid Crystal Ink Based on Inkjet Printing.

Fluorescent cholesteric liquid crystal materials (FCLC) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties can effectively solve the contradiction between aggregation-induced quenching (ACQ) and liquid crystal self-assembly when light-emitting materials are aggregated, and they have great application value in the fields of anti-counterfeit detection and information hiding. However, generating a visually appealing design, logo, or image in the application typically requires an intricate fabrication process, such as the use of prefabricated molds and photomasks, which greatly limits the practical application of FCLC materials. Herein is reported a new method for spatially patterned liquid crystal (LC) microdroplet arrays using drop-on-demand inkjet printing technology. Through rational composition design, a spatial array composed of different liquid crystal microdroplets was established, and the array contains two entirely distinct but intact patterns at the same time, which can be reversibly switched under the irradiation of UV and natural light. This study provides a new method for the integrated preparation of different component liquid crystal materials.

Re-evaluation of aflatoxin M1 transfer into milk of high-yielding cows considering ration composition

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