Ratio Of Food Waste Research Articles

Comparison of Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Food Waste and Livestock Manure at Various Mixing Ratios under Mesophilic and Thermophilic Temperatures

In this study, the optimum mixing ratio of food waste (FW) and livestock manure (LM) was investigated to improve the methane yield efficiency and prohibit the inhibition factors (organic loading rate and NH4+) from inhibiting the anaerobic co-digestion of FW and LM under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The research involved the following: (I) the analysis of the characteristics of FW and LM, (II) the evaluation of the potential and toxicity of the anaerobic digestion of I have confirmed that there is no problem. FW and LM using the biochemical methane potential (BMP) and anaerobic toxicity assay (ATA) tests, (III) the evaluation of the anaerobic co-digestion of FW and LM using the BMP test, and (IV) the evaluation of the optimum mixing ratio using mathematical modeling. The characteristics of FW and LM were analyzed to evaluate the theoretical methane potential and inhibition factor. The BMP test was carried out to evaluate the concentration of the biodegradable organic matter, biogas production rate, and methane yield. The ATA test was carried out to evaluate the impact of the inhibition concentration. Ultimately, mathematical models, such as a first-order reaction and a modified Gompertz model, were implemented to evaluate the optimum mixing ratio for the anaerobic co-digestion of FW and LM. FW had a higher concentration of degradable organic matter than LM. The initial operational parameters of the anaerobic digestion were determined to be appropriate at an organic matter concentration of less than 2.5 g/L and a TN concentration of 2,000 mg/L. In conclusion, as a result of evaluation through mathematical models, it was determined that anaerobic microorganisms were more sensitive to inhibitory factors under the thermophilic condition than under the mesophilic condition, and the optimum mixing ratio of FW to LM was 5:1 (vol:vol) based on kinetic results (k: 0.080; Bu: 0.23 L CH4/g VSadded; P: 100.84 mL; Rm: 10.23 mL/day; λ: 1.44 days).

A New Recycling Method through Mushroom Cultivation Using Food Waste: Optimization of Mushroom Bed Medium Using Food Waste and Agricultural Use of Spent Mushroom Substrates

Food waste is generated in large amounts locally and globally, and requires expenditure for disposal. However, it has high nutritional value and almost no toxic components. Therefore, it can be returned to mushroom mediums for further use, leading to food waste circulation. Though disposing of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) after harvesting is an additional problem, there have been increased efforts to compost it and apply it to the soil for growing vegetables. This study, therefore, aimed to optimize (1) mushroom spawn production with rice hull, (2) mushroom substrates using food waste to accelerate food waste recycling, and (3) the utilization of SMS as an organic fertilizer. An optimal substrate composition and high yield were obtained at 120–140 g of food waste per bag among substrates from Pleorutus ostreatus and Pleorutus citrinopileatus; therefore, using a high ratio of food waste in the mushroom mediums was achieved. On the other hand, the SMS of P. citrinopileatus demonstrated higher plant biomass growth, at 36 g, than that of P. ostreatus, at 21.2 g, in a treatment using SMS + okara. The present discovery is that people may be encouraged to be mindful of food loss by the delivery of mushrooms and plants grown from agro/food waste to the dining table, and this circular system may therefore be used as a key resource in mushroom and plant cultivation and to achieve a zero-emission cycle.

The impact of dietary preference on household food waste: evidence from China.

Food waste jeopardizes food security and causes economic and resource losses. Household food waste is the most significant source of global food waste and urgently needs to be reduced. Based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), our study estimates the daily food waste data of 6,418 sample observations across China and the dietary preference scores of their household heads. Using a count regression model, our study explores the relationship between dietary preference and household food waste in Chinese households, and further explores the moderating function of household refrigerator use. The study has found that: (1) improving dietary preference score can significantly reduce household food waste ratio, and robustness tests support this finding. (2) There is a positive moderating effect of refrigerator use in the process of how dietary preference influence food waste. (3) Heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of dietary preference on household food waste varies by gender and age of the household head, household size, economic level, urban-rural type, and north-south region. Our study provides evidence that improving dietary preference can reduce household food waste in China, which has certain implications for waste reduction in other developing countries.

Enhanced anaerobic co-digestion of cattle manure with food waste and pig manure: Statistical optimization of pretreatment condition and substrate mixture ratio

This study investigated the optimal pretreatment condition and mixture ratio of cattle manure (CM) for its efficient anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) with food waste (FW) and pig manure (PM). The pretreatment performances of thermal (TM), microwave (MW), and ultrasound (US) technologies and the AcoD performance were statistically and experimentally evaluated at various mixture ratios of CM, FW, and PM. The results revealed that the most effective pretreatment condition with the TM, MW, and US pretreatments was 129.3 °C for 49.6 min, 824.2 W for 7.3 min, and 418.0 W for 36.3 min, respectively. The best AcoD performance of optimally pretreated CM (PCM) was achieved when 30.5 % PCM was mixed with 42.5 % FW and 27.0 % PM. A long-term evaluation showed that the start-up rate for the anaerobic mono-digestion of PCM was 2.3 times faster than that of CM and the amount of methane produced was 4.7 times higher; process stability was thus preferentially maintained under a higher organic loading rate (OLR) (2.0 kg-VS/m3∙d). The start-up rate for the AcoD of PCM with FW and PM was 1.2 times higher than that of the AcoD of CM with FW and PM. Although the performance gap between the AcoD reactors after steady state was not significantly different, the PCM AcoD reactor provided a more stable operation under a higher OLR (5.0 kg-VS/m3∙d). This study demonstrates that the pretreatment and co-digestion of CM could significantly enhance the production of biogas and improve process stability.

Optimizing Biogas Production and Digestive Stability through Waste Co-Digestion

This study aimed to enhance the nutrient balance of municipal solid waste (MSW), characterized by a high carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio, which is a critical factor in the anaerobic digestion process. The investigation involved the addition of MSW, which is rich in carbon content, to food waste (FW) with high nitrogen content. The goal was to determine an optimal co-substrate mixing ratio of MSW and FW for anaerobic co-digestion at mesophilic temperatures, aiming to improve process stability and performance to achieve higher biogas yield. The co-digestion experiments encompassed five mixing ratios of MSW and FW with C/N ratios of 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 under mesophilic conditions in a laboratory. The results indicated that the highest specific biogas yield, reaching 827 L/kg VS, was attained when the co-substrate feedstock had a balanced C/N ratio of 20, surpassing the 520 L/kg vs. obtained from MSW digestion alone. As the proportion of MSW increased in the co-substrate mixing feedstock, the biogas production rate decreased. Additionally, the study explored the optimal substrate-to-inoculum (S/I) ratio, focusing on the co-substrate feedstock with a C/N ratio of 20. Four S/I ratios (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) were examined, revealing that the highest specific biogas yield, at 642 L/kg VS, occurred at an S/I ratio of 0.5. An accumulation in volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was observed at higher S/I ratios, attributed to the lower abundance of inoculum microorganisms in the anaerobic digestion process. Overall, the findings suggested that the optimum C/N ratio for co-digestion of MSW and FW falls within the range of 20–25/1, while the preferred S/I ratio is 0.5.

Biohydrogen production by co-digestion of food waste and corn industry wastewater

Food waste (FW) and corn industry wastewater (cornWW) are residues with a high potential for hydrogen production in the dark fermentation process. The study aimed to identify the co-digestion of FW and cornWW ratios for improving hydrogen production and evaluating the synergistic effect on biohydrogen production potential (BHP) in batch test. The inoculum consisted of a mixed culture plus the native microbiota of each substrate. The adjustment of the initial pH to 7.5 was compared to the co-digestion without control of the initial pH of the experiments. The highest hydrogen and metabolites production were obtained with a co-digestion FW:cornWW ratio. When no pH adjustment is applied, pH values above 10 completely inhibit the metabolic activity of bacteria in the process. The cornWW not only provided alkalinity to the system but also can be applied to adjust the organic matter content of FW, adjusting the initial concentration of organic matter. The growth of microbial communities was formed mainly by Clostridium sp. The co-digestion of FW:cornWW can be technically feasible to improve the production of H2 through the dark fermentation process.

MFC Performance with Additional Micronutrients in Food Waste Substrate

Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) are the one of utilization of waste for renewable energy continues to be developed. According to the FAO, 32% of all food for human consumption is discarded about 1.3 billion tonnes per year. In this study, Microbial Fuel Cells used an organic source in the form of food waste that had been hydrolyzed by Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus aculeatus, and Candida rugosa. The results of the hydrolysis are entered into the MFC system. In the MFC system it is mixed with Sidoarjo mud and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, then put into a Single Chamber microbial fuel cell (SC-MFC) to generate electricity. In this research, also added micronutrients (Mg2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Cr2+, and Zn2+) to increase the metabolic of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 bacteria, so can elevate electric currents. electrons and protons are produced by microorganisms by changing organic compounds in the substrate. The results showed that the best power density was 6.652 W/m2 with BOD 89.362% and COD removal 77.273% achieved with a ratio of food waste to water of 2:1 M. Food hydrolysis is capable of hydrolyzing 40% food waste into glucose within 24 hours. The greatest percentage of glucose decreased was achieved by Cobalt micronutrient addition with 77% of glucose decreased. Therefore, MFC can be greatly enhance food waste degradation to become a carbon source in a microbial fuel cell for electricity production.

Comparative study of high-performance mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic membrane bioreactors in the co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste: Methanogenic performance and energy recovery potential

To support smart cities in terms of waste management and bioenergy recovery, the co-digestion of sewage sludge (SeS) and food waste (FW) was conducted by the anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions in this study. The biogas production rate of the thermophilic AnMBR (ThAnMBR) at the SeS to FW ratio of 0:100, 75:25, 50:50 and 100:0 was 2.84 ± 0.21, 2.51 ± 0.26, 1.54 ± 0.26 and 1.31 ± 0.08 L-biogas/L/d, inconspicuous compared with that of the mesophilic AnMBR (MeAnMBR) at 3.00 ± 0.25, 2.46 ± 0.30, 1.63 ± 0.23 and 1.30 ± 0.17 L-biogas/L/d, respectively. The higher hydrolysis ratio and the poorer rejection efficiencies of the membrane under thermophilic conditions, resulting that the permeate COD, carbohydrate and protein of the ThAnMBR was higher than that of the MeAnMBR. The lost COD that might be converted into biogas was discharged with the permeate in the ThAnMBR, which was partly responsible for the inconspicuous methanogenic performance. Furthermore, the results of energy recovery potential assessment showed that the energy return on investment (EROI) of the MeAnMBR was 4.54, 3.81, 2.69 and 2.22 at the four SeS ratios, which was higher than that of the ThAnMBR at 3.29, 2.97, 2.02 and 1.80, respectively, indicating the advantage of the MeAnMBR over the ThAnMBR in energy recovery potential. The outcomes of this study will help to choose a more favorable temperature to co-digest SeS and FW to support the construction of smart cities.

Anaerobic co-digestion of canteen food waste and cow dung

ABSTRACT There is growing global awareness and concern regarding the generation of significant amounts of food waste (FW) due to the issues related to its disposal. Despite being a tested solution for waste management, anaerobic digestion (AD) of FW has not yet been sufficiently explored. In this research, the impact of different mixing ratios of food waste (FW) and cow dung (CD), as well as temperature, on the production of biogas, methane content, and the bio-methane potential (BMP) of the substrates was examined. FW and CD mixed at ratios 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0 (w/w) were batch incubated at 35 ± 1°C and 55 ± 1°C, using a 2 × 5 full factorial experimental design. The obtained results showed that the temperature and substrate mixing ratios significantly (p < .05) affected biogas yield, methane content, and BMP. Highest biogas yield and BMP were 7151.67 ± 11.55 mL and 401.88 ± 1.98 mLCH4/g VS from AD of FW:CD (75:25) at 55°C. The lowest biogas yield and BMP were 3291.67 ± 81.45 mL and 328.28 ± 4.26 mLCH4/g VS from mono-digestion of FW at 35°C. Overall, co-digestion of FW and CD produced higher biogas yield and BMP than mono-digestion of the substrates at both test temperatures.

Enhanced methane production from the anaerobic co-digestion of food waste plus fruit and vegetable waste.

Food waste (FW) and fruit, vegetable waste (FVW) are important components of municipal solid waste, yet the performance and related mechanisms of anaerobic co-digestion of FW and FVW for methane production have been rarely investigated. In order to get a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved, the mesophilic FW and FVW anaerobic co-digestion in different proportions was investigated. The experimental results showed that when the ratio of FW and FVW was 1/1 (in terms of volatile suspended solid), the maximum biomethane yield of 269.9 mL/g TCOD from the codigested substrate is significantly higher than that in FW or FVW anaerobic digestion alone. FW and FVW co-digestion promoted the dissolution and biotransformation of organic matter. When the recommended mixing ratio was applied, the maximum concentration of dissolved chemical oxygen demand (COD) was high as 11971 mg/L. FW and FVW co-digestion reduced the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the digestive system, thus reducing its negative impact on the methanogenesis process. FW and FVW co-digestion process synergistically enhanced microbial activity. The analysis of microbial population structure showed that when FW and FVW were co-digested at the recommended ratio, the relative abundance of Proteiniphilum increased to 26.5%, and the relative abundances of Methanosaeta and Candidatus Methanofastidiosum were also significantly increased. The results of this work provide a certain amount of theoretical basis and technical support for the co-digestion of FW and FVW.

Enhancement of biogas yield from dual organic waste using hybrid statistical approach and its effects on ternary fuel blend (biodiesel/n‐butanol/diesel) powered diesel engine

AbstractEconomic and environmental concerns have driven biofuel research in the last few decades. In order to this, biogas production is being encouraged on a worldwide scale to reduce carbon emissions and increase resource recovery from diversified wastes. The present contribution involves finding the best way to turn food waste and animal manure into biogas and its effective utilization in a dual‐fuel mode diesel engine. For the experimentation, a Taguchi approach was used to develop an L25 orthogonal array with three factors and five levels of parameters: cattle dung and food waste ratios, retention times, and digester temperatures. Using the response surface method (RSM), genetic algorithm (GA), and cuckoo search algorithm (CSA), the biogas yield was optimized and compared to get the best optimization technique. Based on the specific goals of the study, GA is the best combination of parameters for producing biogas. The optimal condition for producing biogas was a cattle dung and food waste ratio of 0:100 (wt/wt %) with a retention time of 15 days and a digester temperature of 40°C, and the corresponding value of the biogas yield was 551.633 mL/day. Experiments were done to confirm this prediction. This study also intends to determine the viability of ternary fuel blends (microalgae biodiesel, n‐butanol additive, and diesel) as a pilot fuel and biogas as a primary fuel by changing their mass flow rates (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kg/h) in the CI engine. The D70BD20Bu10 ternary fuel blend with 1.5 kg/h of biogas flow rate was found to be an optimum blend due to its improved performance and emission characteristics compared to other tested fuels. This fuel blending improves brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 6.25% and reduces brake‐specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 2.14%. NOx and smoke emissions were both reduced by 58.22% and 54.59%, respectively. However, HC and CO emissions were on the higher side compared to diesel.

Biogas yield using single and two stage anaerobic digestion: An experimental approach

Untreated sewage sludge is one of the biggest problems in India and around the globe. In the current study, we try to figure out an efficient technique that uses sewage sludge (SS) food waste (FW) to generate biogas. In this work, FW and SS are co-digested in single-stage anaerobic digestions (SSAD) and two-stage anaerobic digestions (TSAD) at various processing parameters, such as temperature, carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio, volatile solid (VS) percentage content, retention time (RT), and pH value. The high-solid digestion of FW and SS in the SSAD process reduces the biogas production rate compared to the TSAD process with 35 days of retention time at mesophilic temperature due to the oily substance from FW accumulating in the scum floating layer in the SSAD process. By altering the mass ratio between FW and SS (based on VS%), the TSAD process could be more effective. This ratio of 60:40 between FW and SS would produce more biogas with maximum efficiency in TSAD compared to the SSAD process. The results highlight an increase in biogas production and VS removal efficiency of the TSAD process 41.90% and 9.8%, respectively, compare to the SSAD process. The cumulative biogas yield in the TSAD process was 1914.8 ml and in the SSAD process was 1349.4 ml when the ratio of FW and SS was taken to be 60:40. In the TSAD process, Methane (CH4) concentrations increased on average from 51% to 75%, due to better substrate hydrolysis and more readily accessible volatile fatty acids in the second stage. The analysis shows the co-digestion approach and TSAD process might work together to overcome the limitations of the conventional SSAD procedure for FW or SS when used separately.

Influence of the methodological approaches adopted on the food waste generation ratios

Food waste (FW) accounting methodology is of paramount importance in Europe. The European Commission established a common methodology and minimum quality requirements for its measurement. Although these guidelines represents a great advance, important questions as the definition of flows, the Food Supply Chain (FSC) stages considered or the measurement methodology depending on the availability of resources remain open. The study aim is to analyze the implications of these approaches on the FW ratios, based on 109 ratios from different European frameworks obtained by literature review. Among these aspects, the considered FSC stages and the measurement methodology stand out as factors that influence the results; while the direct methods give more accurate values, the indirect methods tend to overestimate the generation. Highlight as significant result, the creation of a superstructure that collects the different approaches used in FW generation ratios and it serves as a tool for benchmarking.

Prediction and optimization of medium-chain carboxylic acids production from food waste using machine learning models

Machine learning models were developed in this study to predict and optimize the medium-chain carbolic acids (MCCAs) production from food waste. All three selected prediction algorithms achieved decent performance (accuracy > 0.85, R2 > 0.707). Three optimization algorithms were applied for MCCA production optimization based on the prediction algorithms. The maximum MCCA production rate (0.68 g chemical oxygen demand per liter per day) was achieved by simulated annealing coupled with random forest under the optimal conditions of pH 8.3, temperature 50 °C, retention time 4 days, loading rate 15.8 g volatile solid per liter per day, and inoculum to food waste ratio 70:30 with semi-continuous mode. Further experiments validated (18 % error) that the MCCA production rate was 113 % higher than the highest production rate of current lab experiments and 60 % higher than the statistical optimization using response surface methodology. This study demonstrates the potential of using machine learning for MCCA production prediction and optimization.

Quantification of food waste in retail operations: A fruit and vegetable wastage case in Paraguay

There has been an increasing emphasis on food waste in the past decade. Food waste also persists along the supply chain, especially in Latin American countries. Thus, quantifying food waste is the first step in addressing this critical issue. This study quantifies fruit and vegetable (F&V) waste in six Paraguayan retail stores. Two categories of food waste were analyzed: warehouse waste and post-shelf waste. The total food waste was 11.5%, representing 622.5 tons of waste from 5418.6 tons purchased from suppliers on the Paraguayan market. Warehouse waste accounted for 73.3% of all food waste. The retail store average was 3.5%, while the warehouse final average was 8.4%. Due to the high degree of perishability and the poor infrastructure of the market, the economic and logistical effort to do something with the rejected F&Vs at the warehouse does not offset the benefits to the supplier of doing something with those goods. Therefore, those rejected products (mainly edible) end up as waste. Providing suppliers with a defined quality standard can help reduce the warehouse's food waste ratio (FWR).

Enhancing anaerobic co-digestion of primary settled-nightsoil sludge and food waste for phosphorus extraction and biogas production: effect of operating parameters and determining phosphorus transformation.

The study aimed to comprehensively determine P extraction efficiency and co-digestion of food waste (FW) and primary settled-nightsoil sludge (PSNS) process performance influenced by different hydraulic retention times (4, 7, 10, and 15days) and mixture ratios of FW:PSNS in substrates (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100). P-transformation was evaluated to identify P fractionation in both supernatant and sludge accumulated in reactors. The results showed that anaerobic co-digestion was inhibited by the accumulation of undigested feedstock due to higher %PSNS found in AD4 (25FW:75PSNS) and AD5 (100PSNS). A more stable process was found in AD2 (75FW:25PSNS) under hydraulic retention time (HRT) 15days in which COD removal efficiency and P release were 97.2 and 80.2%, respectively. This recommended condition allowed a high organic loading rate (OLR) at 12 gVS/L/day resulting in the highest biogas yield of 0.93 L/L/day. Distribution of P data demonstrated that most of P in feedstock was deposited and accumulated in sediment up to 97.8%. Poor biodegradability resulting from using shortened HRT led to high increased P-solid content in effluent. In addition, available P in effluents and accumulated P-solids in sediment obtained from the AcoD process has the potential to serve as sources for P recovery.

Green biohydrogen production in a Co-digestion process from mixture of high carbohydrate food waste and cattle/chicken manure digestate

This study was investigated biohydrogen production on the effects of different ratio of food waste to seed digestate and pH value from co-digestion process in anaerobic reactor. The seed digestate was mixture of cattle manure 45%, corn silage 25%, chicken manure 15%, and olive pomace 15% which was collected from the biogas plant in central Italy. It was found that the peaks of total biogas and the biohydrogen productions were 1355 ± 26 and 436 ± 10 mL whereas the biohydrogen yield was 50.4 mL/g-VS (45.8 mL/g-COD) with 43.33% COD removal rate, the bacteria to substrate volatile solids (VS) ratio was 2:1 where seed digestate to food waste was 6:4 under pH 6.5. As a consequence, food waste with a high COD concentration can be adapted C/N ratio by the cattle manure and chicken manure in the seed digestate which resulted in a high biohydrogen production. The food waste co-digestion system mixed with biogas plant digestate is one of approach to increase total biogas production.

Co-hydrothermal carbonization of corn stover and food waste: Characterization of hydrochar, synergistic effects, and combustion characteristic analysis

Hydrochar was prepared via the co-hydrothermal carbonization (Co-HTC) method using corn stover (CS) and food waste (FW) as materials, and the influences of the synergistic effect of Co-HTC on fuel performances and combustion behavior were analyzed. Characterization of hydrochar was conducted using elemental analysis, industrial analysis, SEM, BET, XRD, and FTIR. The outcomes indicated that the higher heating values (HHVs) of hydrochar increased, the atomic ratios of H/C and O/C decreased, the fuel ratios ranged from 0.33 to 0.57, and the average pore diameter decreased when the FW ratio was increased. The synergistic effect of Co-HTC of CS and FW improved hydrochar yield, energy yield, organics retention, and C capture efficiency. Thermogravimetric and kinetic analysis showed that Co-HTC improves the combustion characteristics of hydrochar. Thus, production of hydrochar via Co-HTC of CS and FW provides some guidance for the resourcing and reducing solid organic waste, and offers a promising direction for renewable energy production.

Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Sugarcane Leaves, Cow Dung and Food Waste: Focus on Methane Yield and Synergistic Effects

Anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of food waste (FW) and lignocellulose waste is a promising technology for methane production. This work investigated the methane generation from AcoD of FW, sugarcane leaves (SLs), and cow dung (CD) under mesophilic conditions in a batch test. As for AcoD of two feedstocks (SL and FW or CD and FW), introduction of SL and CD (25%, volatile solid (VS) basis) showed slight improvement in methane production from FW. In contrast, positive synergistic effect (synergy index = 1.03–1.14 &gt; 1) was observed in all the AcoD reactors of the three feedstocks (SL, CD, and FW). The optimum mixing ratio of FW:SL:CD (VS basis) was 85:11.25:3.75 with a synergy index of 1.07, achieving a methane yield rate and methane content of 297.16 mL/g VS and 73.26%, respectively. This group cumulative methane production was an improvement of 110.45 and 444.72% higher than mono-digestion of SL and CD. The biodegradability, soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), and VS removal rate were 56.44, 44.55 and 55.38%, respectively. The optimum results indicated that AcoD of FW, SL, and CD have higher potentials for energy recovery and provided forceful scientific evidence for their energy utilization.

Hydrogen Production by the Thermophilic Dry Anaerobic Co-Fermentation of Food Waste Utilizing Garden Waste or Kitchen Waste as Co-Substrate

Multicomponent collaborative anaerobic fermentation has been considered a promising technology for treating perishable organic solid wastes and producing clean energy. This study evaluated the potential of hydrogen production by thermophilic dry anaerobic co-fermentation of food waste (FW) with garden waste (GW) or kitchen waste (KW) as co-substrate. The results showed that when the ratio of FW to GW was 60:40, the maximum cumulative hydrogen production and organic matter removal rate reached 85.28 NmL g−1 VS and 63.29%, respectively. When the ratio of FW to KW was 80:20, the maximum cumulative hydrogen production and organic matter removal rate reached 81.31 NmL g−1 VS and 61.91%, respectively. These findings suggest that thermophilic dry anaerobic co-fermentation of FW using GW or KW as co-substrate has a greater potential than single-substrate fermentation to improve hydrogen production and the organic matter removal rate.