Rates Of Rd Research Articles

Circulating DNA in Rectal Cancer to Unravel the Prognostic Potential for Radiation Oncologist: A Meta-analysis.

Liquid biopsy, with its noninvasive nature and ability to detect tumor-specific genetic alterations, emerges as an ideal biomarker for monitoring recurrences for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Completed studies have small sample sizes and different experimental methods. To consolidate and assess the collective evidence regarding the prognostic role of circulating DNA (ctDNA) detection in LARC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). Computerized bibliographic searches of MEDLINE and CANCERLIT (2000 to 2023) were supplemented with hand searches of reference lists. Study selection: studies evaluating oncological outcomes of patients with LARC treated with a nCRT comparing patients with positive and negative liquid biopsy at baseline and after nCRT. Data extraction: data on population, intervention, and outcomes were extracted from each study, in accordance with the intention to treat method, by 2 independent observers, and combined using the DerSimonian method and Laird method. Nine studies follow inclusion criteria including 678 patients treated with nCRT. The pooled RD rate of ctDNA negative between measure at baseline and after nCRT is statistically significant 61% (95% CI: 53-70, P=0.0002). The hazard ratio (HR) of progression-free survival between ct-DNA negative and positive is significant 7.41 (95% CI: 4.87-11.289, P<0.00001). ctDNA can identify patients with different recurrence risks following nCRT and assess prognosis in patients with LARC. Further prospective study is necessary to determine the utility of ctDNA in personalised therapy for patients with LARC.

Impact of ginsenoside Rb1 on gut microbiome and associated changes in pharmacokinetics in rats

Ginsenoside Rb1 exhibits a wide range of biological activities, and gut microbiota is considered the main metabolic site for Rb1. However, the impact of gut microbiota on the pharmacokinetics of Rb1 are still uncertain. In this study, we investigated the gut microbiome changes and the pharmacokinetics after a 30 d Rb1 intervention. Results reveal that the systemic exposure and metabolic clearance rate of Rb1 and Rd were substantially affected after orally supplementing Rb1 (60 mg/kg) to rats. Significant increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus in gut microbiota and specific glycoside hydrolase (GH) families, such as GH2, GH92, and GH20 were observed based on microbiome and metagenomic analysis. Moreover, a robust association was identified between the pharmacokinetic parameters of Rb1 and the relative abundance of specific Bacteroides species, and glycoside hydrolase families. Our study demonstrates that Rb1 administration significantly affects the gut microbiome, revealing a complex relationship between B. cellulosilyticus, key GH families, and Rb1 pharmacokinetics.

Acetylcholine Analog-Modified Albumin Nanoparticles for the Enhanced and Synchronous Brain Delivery of Saponin Components of Panax Notoginseng.

Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are commonly used first-line drugs for treating cerebral thrombosis and stroke in China. However, the synchronized and targeted delivery of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) poses a significant challenge for modern TCM formulations. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was modified using 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), an analog of acetylcholine, and subsequently adsorbed the major PNS onto the modified albumin to produce MPC-BSA@PNS nanoparticles (NPs). This novel delivery system facilitated efficient and synchronized transport of PNS across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) through active transport mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the transport rates of R1, Rg1, Rb1, and Rd across the BBB were relatively synchronous in MPC-BSA@PNS NPs compared to those in the PNS solution. Additionally, animal experiments revealed that the brain-targeting efficiencies of R1 + Rg1 + Rb1 in MPC-BSA@PNS NPs were 2.02 and 7.73 times higher than those in BSA@PNS NPs and the free PNS group, respectively. This study presents a simple and feasible approach for achieving the targeted delivery of complex active ingredient clusters in TCM.

Disparities in Acute Radiation-Related Pain and Dermatitis between Black and White Patients with Early-Stage Breast Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Radiation Following Breast Conserving Surgery

Historically, black patients with cancer experience poor clinical outcomes and low quality of life due to inadequate screening and management of cancer-related treatment toxicities. There are limited data documenting racial disparities in acute radiation-related toxicities (ARRTs) for patients with early-stage breast cancer. Therefore, we compared ARRTs between Black (B) and White (W) patients receiving adjuvant radiation following breast conserving surgery (BCS). This retrospective analysis included 317 patients with stage 0/1 breast cancer treated with adjuvant radiation between October 2019 and February 2022. 29% (N = 81) were B and 71% (N = 236) were W, with an average age of 65 (range: 32-88) for both. We abstracted weekly on-treatment-visit clinical notes (OTVs) completed by a nurse and radiation oncologist who utilized the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse (CTCAE) v4.0 to evaluate each patient's pain score (scaled 0-10, 0 = no pain and 10 = worst), radiation dermatitis (RD; Grade 0-4), as well as non-CTCAE descriptors of pain and presence of hyperpigmentation or pruritus. We compared onset and severity of pain and rates of RD and pruritus between B and W patients. The proportion reporting pain was significantly lower among B vs. W patients (43.8% vs. 63.6%; P = 0.002). Of patients qualitatively reporting pain, B patients were significantly more likely to have their pain scored as 0 than W patients (24.3% vs. 11.7%; P = 0.024). B patients had significantly lower median pain scores than W patients (P = 0.010), with a median score of 3 (interquartile range [IQR]: 0-5.5) vs. 5 (IQR: 4-8). B patients had a significantly longer time to pain identification than W patients (P = 0.027), with median time to pain of 10th fraction (IQR: 4-13.5) vs. 8th fraction (IQR: 4-11). Radiation dermatitis was graded as 0 (50.6% vs 8.5%; P<0.001), 1 (44.4% vs 82.6%; P<0.001), 2 (14.8% vs 15.3%, P = NS), and 3 (3.7% vs 0.4%; P = 0.023), with no grade 4 RD, amongst B and W patients, respectively. Of note, B patients experiencing mild hyperpigmentation were graded as 0. We found no statistically significant differences in incidence of pruritus. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of ARRTs based on CTCAE v4.0 show discordance in pain scores and radiation dermatitis. The underscoring of pain amongst B patients suggests possible cultural hesitancy to report pain or implicit biases in evaluating pain suggesting the need for alternative ways to discuss and score pain in B patients. Our data suggests that CTCAE does not effectively assess radiation dermatitis in B patients. There are no descriptors of hyperpigmentation in grading of radiation dermatitis in CTCAE, which may lead to underreporting in dark-skinned individuals. Better assessment tools are needed to document ARRTs to ensure appropriate evaluation and treatment across all racial groups.

Gypenoside biotransformation into ginsenoside F2 by endophytic Aspergillus niger from Gynostemma pentaphyllum

Ginsenoside F2 is a protopanaxadiol saponin compound with various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Ginsenoside F2 can be found in ginseng, but in low quantities. Therefore, ginsenoside F2 production predominantly relies on the biotransformation of various ginsenosides, such as ginsenosides Rb1 and Rd. In this study, we reported the production of ginsenoside F2 by gypenoside biotransformation with Aspergillus niger JGL8, isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Ginsenoside F2 could be produced by two different biotransformation pathways, namely Gyp-V–Rd–F2 and Gyp-XVII–F2. The product exhibited antioxidant activity against free radicals (DPPH) with IC50 value of 29.54 µg/mL. Optimal biotransformation conditions were a pH of 5.0, temperature of 40 °C, and 2 mg/mL of substrate. Enzyme kinetic parameters revealed that the hydrolysis rate of Gyp-V, Rd, and Gyp-XVII was 0.625, 0.588, and 0.417 mM/h, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrated that gypenoside is a substitutable substrate for ginsenoside F2 biotransformation.

Ocular Involvement and Treatment Pattern in Korean Patients with Marfan Syndrome: A Population-Based Study

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to investigate the incidence and prevalence of, and treatment patterns for ocular complications in Korean patients with Marfan syndrome Methods Incidence and prevalence of Marfan syndrome was calculated from 2010 to 2018, based on data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS). Diagnosis codes (for cataract, ectopia lentis, retinal detachment, etc.) and surgery reimbursement codes (lensectomy, phacoemulsification, buckling, vitrectomy, etc.) in the patients with Marfan syndrome were retrieved by complete enumeration of the data. Results The annual prevalence of Marfan syndrome adjusted by age and sex was gradually increased from 2.44 per 100,000 in 2010 to 4.36 per 100,000 in 2018. The age group of 10–19 years showed the highest prevalence. The prevalence of ectopia lentis was 21.7%, of whom 43.0% underwent surgeries. Surgery for RD was performed in 253 (14.1%) of 2044 patients during the study period. Conclusion Although the most prevalent ophthalmologic manifestation was ectopia lentis, total prevalence rate of RD was more than 10% in the study period; thus, regular fundus examination is recommended for the patients with Marfan syndrome.

151-LB: Postprandial Glucose Metabolism Differs between Early Adolescents and Adults with Type 1 Diabetes

Postprandial glucose turnover in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) has not been investigated. To do so, we studied adolescents (n=15, age 11.5±0.5 yrs, BMI 19±2.3 kg/m2, HbA1c 7.5±1%, diabetes duration 4.6±3 yrs) and adults (n=15, age 36.3±9.4 yrs, BMI 27.1±2.1 kg/m2, HbA1c 6.9±1.1%, diabetes duration 18.1±9.6 yrs) with T1D after a mixed meal. Healthy adults (n=14, age 26.9 ± 7 yrs, BMI 24.9±2.5 kg/m2, HbA1c 5.0±0.3%) served as controls. T1D subjects administered their customary insulin bolus dose at meal onset. Rates of endogenous glucose production (EGP) , meal glucose appearance (MRa) and glucose disappearance (Rd) were calculated by the triple tracer method with stable isotopes ([1-13C] glucose, [2-13C] glucose and [6, 6-2H2] glucose) . Integrated glucose excursions did not differ between adolescents and adults with T1D during early (0-120 min) and total (0-300 min) postprandial periods. While basal EGP at start of the meal was higher (p&amp;lt;0.01) , integrated rates of EGP, MRa, Rd and glucose clearance were all lower (p&amp;lt;0.03) in adolescents than in adults with T1D during the early postprandial period and were numerically lower (p=0.08) during the total postprandial period (Figure1) . Taken together, the data demonstrates significant differences in postprandial glucose metabolism between adolescents and adults with T1D. Additional studies are ongoing to determine the causes of these differences. Disclosure F. Ruchi: None. D. Romeres: None. S. Gururaj: None. M. D. Deboer: Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. R. Basu: Consultant; Sparrow Pharmaceuticals Inc, Research Support; Abbott Diabetes, AstraZeneca. A. Basu: Speaker's Bureau; Zealand Pharma A/S. Funding DK 124886, DK 085516, DK 029953

P05: DARATUMUMAB PLUS LENALIDOMIDE AND DEXAMETHASONE VERSUS LENALIDOMIDE AND DEXAMETHASONE ALONE IN PATIENTS WITH PREVIOUSLY TREATED MULTIPLE MYELOMA: OVERALL SURVIVAL RESULTS FROM THE PHASE 3 POLLUX TRIAL

(1) National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, (2) Institut Català d’Oncologia and Institut Josep Carreras, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, (3) Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, (4) Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC, (5) Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, (6) Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, (7) Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, (8) Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, (9) Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Department of Hematology, (10) Vejle Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, (11) Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, (12) Hematology Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, (13) Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, (14) University Hospital Heidelberg, Internal Medicine V and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), (15) Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, (16) Genmab US, Inc., (17) Janssen Research & Development, LLC, (18) Janssen Research & Development, LLC, (19) Janssen Research & Development, LLC, (20) Hematology, University Hospital Hôtel-Dieu Introduction: Daratumumab (DARA) is a human IgGκ monoclonal antibody targeting CD38 that is approved in combination with standard-of-care regimens for pts with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) and as monotherapy and in combination with standard-of-care regimens for pts with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). In the primary analysis of the phase 3 POLLUX study (median follow-up, 13.5 months), DARA plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (D-Rd) provided a significant progression-free survival (PFS) benefit versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) alone, and key secondary endpoints (including time to disease progression, rate of very good partial response or better, overall response rate, and minimal residual disease [MRD]–negativity rate) showed a statistically significant benefit favoring D-Rd. Here, we report final overall survival (OS) and updated MRD-negativity and safety results after >6 years of follow-up. Methods: Pts with RRMM and ≥1 prior line of therapy were randomized 1:1 to receive D-Rd or Rd. All pts received 28-day cycles of Rd (R 25 mg PO on Days 1-21; d 40 mg QW). Pts in the D-Rd group also received DARA (16 mg/kg IV QW in Cycles 1-2, Q2W in Cycles 3-6, and Q4W thereafter). In both groups, pts were treated until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was PFS; OS was a secondary endpoint. Results: In total, 569 pts were randomized (D-Rd, n=286; Rd, n=283). The median (range) age was 65 (34-89) years; pts had received a median (range) of 1 (1-11) prior lines of therapy. At a median (range) follow-up of 79.7 (0.0-86.5) months, the POLLUX study showed a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in OS with D-Rd versus Rd (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58-0.91; P=0.0044 [crossing the prespecified stopping boundary of P<0.0331]), representing a 27% reduction in the risk of death in the D-Rd group (Figure). The median OS was 67.6 (95% CI, 53.1-80.5) months in the D-Rd group versus 51.8 (95% CI, 44.0-60.0) months in the Rd group. Prespecified subgroup analyses showed an OS improvement with D-Rd versus Rd in most subgroups, including pts aged ≥65 years; pts who had received 1, 2, or 3 prior lines of therapy; pts with International Staging System stage III disease; and pts who were refractory to a proteasome inhibitor or to their last prior line of therapy. D-Rd achieved significantly higher rates of MRD negativity (10–5) versus Rd (33.2% vs 6.7%; P<0.0001). The most common (≥10%) grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs; D-Rd/Rd) were neutropenia (57.6%/41.6%), anemia (19.8%/22.4%), pneumonia (17.3%/11.0%), thrombocytopenia (15.5%/15.7%), and diarrhea (10.2%/3.9%). Rates of discontinuation due to TEAEs were comparable between treatment groups (D-Rd, 19.1%; Rd, 16.0 %). There were no new safety concerns identified with extended follow-up. Conclusion: Treatment with D-Rd significantly prolonged OS compared with Rd alone. These results, together with the OS results observed with DARA in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone in the phase 3 CASTOR study, demonstrate for the first time an OS benefit with DARA-containing regimens in RRMM. Our results support the use of DARA in pts with RRMM.

Covellite nanoparticles with high photocatalytic activity bioproduced by using H2S generated from a sulfidogenic bioreactor

The application of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) has emerged as an efficient biotechnology to reduce sulfate to sulfide and to mediate the precipitation of transition metals as sulfides. In the present work, hydrogen sulfide biogenerated by the SRB was delivered into a copper aqueous solution vessel to produce copper sulfide nanoparticles. The main physico-chemical properties were studied by TEM, XRD, UV–vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, UPS and XPS. In addition, the photocatalytic activities for organic dyes removal were investigated, showing a high degradation rate of MB and RD in aqueous solution. By changing the copper concentration during the synthesis process, main physico-chemical properties of copper sulfides nanoparticles can be controlled. For the lowest concentration, pure covellite flake-like nanostructures were produced. Higher concentrations produced spherical-like shapes with the presence of SO42− on the surface. Experimental results showed a promising way to obtain valorous copper sulfides nanoparticles by using dissimilatory reduction of sulfate mediated by SRB.

Retrograde type A dissection in the Vascular Quality Initiative thoracic endovascular aortic repair for dissection postapproval project

BackgroundRetrograde dissection (RD) can be a serious complication after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), with retrograde type A dissection (RTAD) particularly life-threatening. Prior studies have suggested that treatment timing, anatomic characteristics, device selection, and procedural conduct of TEVAR performed for type B aortic dissection could mitigate the occurrence of RD. The Vascular Quality Initiative TEVAR for Dissection Registry is an ongoing project meant to satisfy Food and Drug Administration requirements for postmarket approval surveillance of the Gore conformable TAG thoracic endoprosthesis (W.L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, Ariz), Medtronic Valiant thoracic stent graft (Medtronic, Santa Rosa, Calif), and Cook Medical dissection devices (Cook Medical, Bloomington, Ind) and provides a unique source of evaluation for RTAD in a prospectively collected real-world registry. MethodsA total of 588 consecutive patients at 49 institutions had undergone TEVAR for acute (<30 days; n = 336) and chronic (≥30 days; n = 252) type B aortic dissection were included. The occurrence of RD as reported by the participating centers and de-identified source documents were reviewed and confirmed independently by two of us (A.W.B. and G.W.). The demographics, procedural and device data, and anatomic considerations were evaluated, and the devices were grouped in a de-identified manner as Gore, Medtronic, and other. ResultsThe mean follow-up was 889 days (median, 658 days), and 408 patients had completed follow-up data available for >1 year. A total of 19 patients with RD (3.2%) were identified, 9 of whom had been treated for acute and 10 for chronic dissection, a 2.7% and 4.0% incidence, respectively (P = .48, acute vs chronic). Of the 19 RD cases, 15 were RTAD, 6 after treatment of acute and 9 after treatment of chronic dissection, a 1.8% and 3.6% incidence, respectively (P = .19, acute vs chronic). Five cases of RD had occurred intraoperatively (four of which were RTAD). The median time to RD and RTAD was 62 and 69 days, respectively (range, 0 to 1600 days). Of the 15 patients with RTAD, 12 had undergone surgical repair and 2 had not undergone repair; the treatment of one was unknown. The overall mortality was 33.3% (5 of 15). The factors associated with RTAD included more extensive dissection (mean, 5.6 zones without RTAD vs 8.5 zones with RTAD; P = .001), female sex (28.3% female without RTAD vs 53.3% with RTAD; P = .04), and non-White race (62.7% White without RTAD vs 33.3% White with RTAD; P = .05). Mean oversizing was not significantly different for those without RTAD compared with that for those with RTAD (14.0% vs 14.2%; P = .92). The device type was anonymized in this project; however, we found no significant differences between the Gore, Medtronic, and all other devices. ConclusionsThe rate of RD in the present real-world postapproval project was consistent with that from previously reported studies, including highly controlled pivotal studies. Device type was not predictive of RD, and the newly identified risk factors for RTAD include more extensive dissection and a trend toward a greater risk for female sex and non-White race.

Evaluation of the Bioelectrochemical Approach and Different Electron Donors for Biological Trichloroethylene Reductive Dechlorination.

Trichloroethylene (TCE) and more in general chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) can be removed from a contaminated matrix thanks to microorganisms able to perform the reductive dechlorination reaction (RD). Due to the lack of electron donors in the contaminated matrix, CAHs’ reductive dechlorination can be stimulated by fermentable organic substrates, which slowly release molecular hydrogen through their fermentation. In this paper, three different electron donors constituted by lactate, hydrogen, and a biocathode of a bioelectrochemical cell have been studied in TCE dechlorination batch experiments. The batch reactors evaluated in terms of reductive dechlorination rate and utilization efficiency of the electron donor reported that the bio-electrochemical system (BES) showed a lower RD rate with respect of lactate reactor (51 ± 9 µeq/d compared to 98 ± 4 µeq/d), while the direct utilization of molecular hydrogen gave a significantly lower RD rate (19 ± 8 µeq/d), due to hydrogen low solubility in liquid media. The study also gives a comparative evaluation of the different electron donors showing the capability of the bioelectrochemical system to reach comparable efficiencies with a fermentable substrate without the use of other chemicals, 10.7 ± 3.3% for BES with respect of 3.5 ± 0.2% for the lactate-fed batch reactor. This study shows the BES capability of being an alternative at classic remediation approaches.

Endogenous Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Endophthalmitis: A Six-year Series at a Tertiary Care Center

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the clinical outcomes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) endophthalmitis. Methods Clinical courses were reviewed for 17 eyes (15 patients) with endogenous MRSA endophthalmitis based on positive blood and vitreous culture or clinical suspicion between 2013 to 2019 at Duke University Hospitals. Results Of 17 eyes, initial VA ranged from 20/40 to light perception. Of 15 patients, 9 had predisposing risk factors for bacteremia. All eyes received intravitreal vancomycin, 13 also received ceftazidime, and 2 also received amikacin instead of ceftazidime. Nine eyes developed retinal detachment; 6 underwent vitrectomy. Final VA ranged from 20/20 to no light perception and was ≥20/200 in 8 eyes. Eleven eyes had improved VA, 2 eyes were unchanged, and 4 were worse. Conclusions This study is the largest series on endogenous MRSA endophthalmitis to date. Patients had a higher proportion of final VA ≥20/200, similarly high rate of RD, and fewer enucleations compared to prior reports.

Effect of prophylactic laser during small-gauge vitrectomy for epiretinal membranes.

To determine the rate of post-operative retinal detachment after elective pars plana vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane, and to test for the mitigating effect of prophylactic endolaser. We identified 459 eyes of 411 patients undergoing vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane at Vanderbilt University Medical Center between January 2010 and May 2017. Patients who underwent concurrent endolaser without any identified retinal break were included in the exposure cohort. Patients who underwent no prophylactic retinopexy or ablation were included in the unexposed cohort. Exposure data, demographic data, and outcome data were tabulated for comparison. The final analysis included 343 eyes of 343 patients. Approximately 7% of eyes undergoing ERM surgery were found to have a full-thickness retinal break which was not seen preoperatively. The overall rate of postoperative RD was 2.04%. Postoperative retinal detachment occurred in 0 of the 34 eyes exposed to prophylactic laser, and in 7 of the 309 control eyes. Odds ratio was found to be 0.60 (p = 0.598 (95%CI 0.0327-10.7), p = 0.72), indicated the results were not statistically significant. Looking at patients undergoing routine vitrectomy surgery for epiretinal membrane, no retinal detachments occurred in the group receiving prophylactic treatment, though this association did not reach statistical significance. With modern surgical techniques, post-operative retinal detachment remains relatively rare after vitrectomy for ERM though a thorough intraoperative exam is critical to identify occult retinal breaks.

Postoperative Complications in Medicare Beneficiaries Following Endothelial Keratoplasty Surgery

To determine national-level incidence rates of major postoperative complications following endothelial keratoplasty (EK) procedures and to stratify these rates based on EK indications over an 8-year period using Medicare claims data. Retrospective, cohort study. Setting: population-based; study population: Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years who underwent EK procedures; main outcome measurements: 1) occurrence of major postoperative complications (i.e., endophthalmitis, choroidal hemorrhage, infectious keratitis, cystoid macular edema [CME], retinal detachment [RD], or RD surgery) following EK surgery; 2) time-to-event analysis for glaucoma surgery; and 3) occurrence of graft complications. A total of 94,829 EK procedures (n= 71,040 unique patients) were included in the analysis. Of the total, 29% of patients had pre-existing glaucoma. The overall 90-day cumulative incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis and choroidal hemorrhage following EK was 0.03% and 0.05%, respectively. The overall 1-year cumulative rates of RD or RD surgery, infectious keratitis, and CME were 1.0%, 0.8%, and 4.1%, respectively. Approximately 7.6%, 12.2%, and 13.8% of all eyes in this study needed glaucoma surgery at 1-, 5-, and 8-years of follow-up, respectively. The probability of glaucoma surgery among patients with pre-existing glaucoma was 29% vs. 8% among those without pre-existing glaucoma at 8 years. The cumulative probabilities of developing any graft complications were 13%, 23.2%, and 27.1% at 1, 5, and 8 years, respectively, of follow-up. On average, patients undergoing EK procedures for a prior failed graft had the highest rate of complications, whereas those with Fuchs' corneal endothelial dystrophy had the lowest. The incidence of major postoperative complications including endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, and choroidal hemorrhage following EK procedures is low. A high proportion of eyes undergoing EK eventually require glaucoma surgery and experience graft-related complications. Postoperative outcomes are typically worse for patients undergoing EK for prior failed grafts than for those undergoing EK for Fuchs' corneal endothelial dystrophy.

Prophylactic Circumferential Laser Retinopexy in Macular Hole and Epiretinal Membrane Surgeries

Background: The role of PCLR in vitrectomy surgeries for macular diseases is controversial. Several studies report a reduction in post-operative RD rates, while other studies do not show such reduction. reducing complications stemming from intra- and post- operative retinal tears, especially at sclerotomy sites, are suggested as reasons for PCLR use. Objective: To investigate the effect of PCLR on the rate of post-operative RD in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for either Macular Hole (MH) or epiretinal membrane (ERM). Methods: This retrospective study included 179 eyes of 170 patients who underwent vitrectomy for either MH or ERM between 2006-2012. Recorded parameters included demographic information, diagnosis, lens status, use and type of tamponade, whether PCLR was performed, follow-up period, the occurrence of RD, the cause and time of RD. Outcome and complication rates were compared between patients who received PCLR (PCLR group) and those who did not (Control group). Results: The study included 179 eyes of 170 patients. 126 eyes had PCLR while 53 eyes did not. Pre-operative demographics data, best-corrected visual acuity, lens status and indication for macular surgery were similar between the two groups. Post-operative RD was diagnosed in one eye (1.8%) in the control group and 5 eyes (3.9%) in the PCLR group (Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, log-rank p = 0.28). Conclusion: PCLR was not correlated with a decrease in RD in MH and ERM surgeries in our cohort. Intra-operative and post-operative examination for small retinal breaks is essential in all surgeries. PCLR might be unnecessary in small gauge vitrectomies.

Acclimation of leaf respiration consistent with optimal photosynthetic capacity.

Plant respiration is an important contributor to the proposed positive global carbon-cycle feedback to climate change. However, as a major component, leaf mitochondrial ('dark') respiration (Rd ) differs among species adapted to contrasting environments and is known to acclimate to sustained changes in temperature. No accepted theory explains these phenomena or predicts its magnitude. Here we propose that the acclimation of Rd follows an optimal behaviour related to the need to maintain long-term average photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax ) so that available environmental resources can be most efficiently used for photosynthesis. To test this hypothesis, we extend photosynthetic co-ordination theory to predict the acclimation of Rd to growth temperature via a link to Vcmax , and compare predictions to a global set of measurements from 112 sites spanning all terrestrial biomes. This extended co-ordination theory predicts that field-measured Rd and Vcmax accessed at growth temperature (Rd,tg and Vcmax,tg )should increase by 3.7% and 5.5% per degree increase in growth temperature. These acclimated responses to growth temperature are less steep than the corresponding instantaneous responses, which increase 8.1% and 9.9% per degree of measurement temperature for Rd and Vcmax respectively. Data-fitted responses proof indistinguishable from the values predicted by our theory, and smaller than the instantaneous responses. Theory and data are also shown to agree that the basal rates of both Rd and Vcmax assessed at 25°C(Rd,25 and Vcmax,25 ) decline by ~4.4% per degree increase in growth temperature. These results provide a parsimonious general theory for Rd acclimation to temperature that is simpler-and potentially more reliable-than the plant functional type-based leaf respiration schemes currently employed in most ecosystem and land-surface models.

Four-Year Follow-up of the Phase 3 Pollux Study of Daratumumab Plus Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone (D-Rd) Versus Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone (Rd) Alone in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM)

Four-Year Follow-up of the Phase 3 Pollux Study of Daratumumab Plus Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone (D-Rd) Versus Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone (Rd) Alone in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM)

Effects of Hot Wire Temperature on Properties of GeSi:H Films with High Hydrogen Dilution by Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition

GeSi:H films are prepared by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with high hydrogen dilution, DH=98%. Effects of hot wire temperature (Tw) on deposition rate, structural properties and bandgap of GeSi:H films are studied with surface profilemeter, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer. It is found that the deposition rate (Rd) goes up with increasing of Tw, but increasing rate of Rd declines when Tw⩾1 550 °C. High Tw is beneficial to the formation of Ge-Si, but it has little effect on relative contents of the hydrogen bonds (Ge-H, Si-H, etc.) in the films. In the Tw range of 1 400–1 850 °C, the maximum bandgap of the GeSi:H films is 1.39 eV at Tw =1 450 °C and the band gap decreases with Tw increasing when Tw⩾1 450 °C.

Effect of plant-based carbon source supplements on denitrification of synthetic wastewater: focus on the microbiology

The effects of plant-based carbon source addition on wastewater NO3--N removal and the involved microorganisms, especially denitrifying bacteria, were investigated. A synthetic wastewater (NO3--N, 15 mg/L) was treated through the batch experiment, which included three inoculation cycles (7 days/cycle), and was conducted at 25 °C. Four natural plant substrates, namely, rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), ryegrass (RG), and reed (RD), were used as carbon sources and supplemented at the rate of 1% (w/v). The results showed that both RS and WS performed well in promoting NO3--N removal (79.55-97.07%). While RG removed only 22.08% of NO3--N in the first cycle, the removal efficiency increased afterward (86.09-95.82%). Conversely, the NO3--N removal rate of RD decreased from 95.10 to 24.77% as a result of its low ability to supply carbon. With respect to the microorganisms, the RS treatment resulted in more bacteria and denitrifying genes such as narG, nirK, nirS, and norB than other treatments, while the highest number of nosZ gene copies was recorded in the WS treatment. Sequencing results revealed that Firmicutes (18.19-56.96%), Proteobacteria (38.82-74.80%), and Bacteroidetes (3.15-4.15%) were three dominant bacterial phyla for RS, WS, and RD treatments. Furthermore, the genera Enterobacter, Massilia, and Bacillus were the main denitrifying bacteria participating in the NO3--N removal. Furthermore, correlation analysis indicated that the denitrifying genus Sphingobacterium played an important role in enhancing nitrogen removal. This study suggested that RS is the superior plant-based carbon source for denitrifying bioreactors used in agricultural runoff treatment.

Abstract P3-12-18: Comparison of three different topical agents on prevention of acute radiodermatitis during breast cancer radiotherapy

Abstract Aim: To compare the effectiveness for radiodermatitis prophylaxis of Fusidic acid and Betamethasone valerate containing cream, pure vaselin and emollient dermocosmetic cream during radiotherapy for breast cancer. Method: We prescribed one of the 3 different creams per patient respectively at the start date of breast cancer radiotherapy (conventional radiotherapy: CRT, 50 Gy in 2 Gy/fraction plus a 10 Gy boost for a total of 60 Gy; or hypofractionated radiotherapy: HRT, 40 Gy in 2.67 Gy/fraction plus a 10 Gy Boost for a total of 50 Gy) at our clinic and instructed them to use the cream daily after each fraction throughout the whole treatment. Weekly photographs of the thorax, including the treated breast anteriorly and laterally, were taken with the onset of treatment, where a gray card setting for color balance standardization was performed. The weekly skin changes were recorded prospectively and assessed retrospectively according to the RTOG radiodermatitis side effect scale. A total of 64 cases have been enrolled in the study till now and 54 out of 58 cases who completed their radiotherapy were evaluated for the current analysis (photographs flawed in three, one refused her photographs to be included in the study). The photographs were processed for color matching with the gray card set using the Adobe Reader Photoshop CC software via the red color histogram and the pre- &amp; post-radiotherapy skin redness were objectively compared via the histogram. The data were analyzed using SPSS, version 23. Results: The treatment was conventional in 25 patients and hypofractionated in 29 patients. Grade 2 radiodermatitis was seen in 37% of the cases at the end of treatment. The color scale final grade 2 radiodermatitis rate was 29.6% (16 cases), consistent with the clinical findings. The cream used was emollient dermocosmetic in 17 (31.5%, CRT 10, HRT 7), fusidic acid and betamethasone valerate in 19 (35.2%, CRT 13, HRT 6), and pure vaseline in 18 (33.3%, CRT 6, HRT 12) cases. There were 4 grade 1 RD in first week, 15 grade 1 RD in second week, 29 grade 1 and 1 grade 2 RD in the third week. The grade 2 RD rate increased to 16.7% (n: 9) in the fourth week. As lower red density values in the red scale representing increased erythema, the pre-radiotherapy breast median value of 230 (range: 166-256) decreased to a median value of 209.5 (range: 114-252) at the end of radiotherapy with a median change of 14%, not significantly different with creams (p=0.06) or with fractionation (p&amp;gt;0.05). Conclusion: Grade 2 acute radiodermatitis wasless commonly encountered with prophylactic creams in our cohort while no significant difference could be defined between creams and fractionation used. Digital follow up of the protocol patients is currently continuing to be documented for future reporting. Citation Format: Sezen D, Bolukbasi Y, Corak Cebi C, Selek U. Comparison of three different topical agents on prevention of acute radiodermatitis during breast cancer radiotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-12-18.