Rapid Development Process Research Articles

Infection prevention and control: The prime protagonist against covid-19 in a healthcare setup

Objectives: The coronavirus disease has brought the whole world to a halt, not sparing any continent from its wrath. As it is spreading at a rapid pace, the vaccine and drug development process is yet to keep up with it and the only measure that seems to work is to prevent its transmission. Infection prevention and control is the frontline shield in containing this high and mighty virus until the treatment strategies are sorted out. This review is an attempt to provide relevant information from national and international guidelines for infection prevention and control of the current pandemic of COVID-19. Data Sources: All the relevant data published till 4th May 2020 on COVID-19 has been systematically analyzed. PubMed, NCBI, WHO, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) databases and bibliographies of relevant studies have been included. Conclusion: The most important challenges associated with COVID-19 are pertaining to its diagnosis as well as preventing its spread. It is also crucial to maintain or expand healthcare facilities’ capacity for COVID-19. Infection prevention and control is a major player in such a scenario to contain the pandemic and break the chain of transmission.

Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng tới khả năng di cư việc làm của hộ gia đình tại Việt Nam

Migration is a factor of the development process, especially in developing countries. The studies show that the main reason for migration is economics and the main type of migration is work migration. In Vietnam, with the rapid economic development process since Doi Moi period, the wave of migration has dramatically increased and this way not only contributed greatly to the development but also created many challenges for the social development. In this paper, the logit regression method was used to estimate the probability which a household has at least one member migration for work through the use of panel data of the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey (VHLSS). Variables proposed in the research modelinclude demographic characteristics of the household head and the household characteristics as well as the economic status of the household. The results show that the factors belonging to the household of demographic characteristics as well as the household head have a strong impact on the trend of the household migration, especially the factor of remittance.

Strategic Alternatives Formation for Organizational and Economic Development of Enterprises in Socio-Cultural Sphere

Introduction. The relevance of the article is due to the current tendencies of rapid development of business processes and the search for universal and effective strategic mechanisms for more effective functioning of social-cultural sphere. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is to carry out a thorough theoretical analysis, systematization and generalization of scientific provisions on strategic management problems in order to find universal strategic solutions for enterprises in the context of tourism. Scientific analysis is carried out by methods of analysis and synthesis, situational, analytical, comparative and statistical. Results. The multifaceted views of scientists on the concept of “strategic alternatives” are considered. The statistical analysis of the dynamics of the development of the tourist services market in Ukraine is carried out. The role of strategic indicators in the activity of enterprises of the social-cultural sphere through the lens of tourism enterprise is investigated. The interdependence of strategic alternatives and strategic goals of enterprises is proved. Conclusions and discussion. Strategic indicators are one of the most important indicators of the activity of enterprises, the results of which most effectively demonstrate the effectiveness of implementing the current strategy or strategic alternatives. The criteria for selecting strategic indicators, which are universal and can be used by enterprises of different types in the social-cultural sphere, have been systematized. The scientific novelty lies in the argumentation of the interdependence of strategic alternatives and strategic goals on the example of the tourism industry enterprise and the modification of the multi criteria approach to the choice of strategic indicators of organizational and economic development of enterprises. The practical importance of the study in bringing in the level of specific methods and recommendations of a flexible, adaptive mechanism for the formation of strategic alternatives and their optimization.

Effect of porosity on buckling and vibrational characteristics of the imperfect GPLRC composite nanoshell

Due to rapid development of manufacturing process, composite materials with porosity have attracted commercially notices in advanced engineering applications. For this regard, buckling and vibrational characteristics of a porous composite cylindrical nanoshell reinforced with GPLs is investigated in this paper. The material properties of piece-wise graphene-reinforced composites (GPLRC) are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction of a cylindrical nanoshell and are estimated using a nanomechanical model. The novelty of our work is including the effects of porosity and GPLRC on natural frequency, critical axial load and critical temperature of the GPLRC cylindrical nanoshell. The governing equations (GEs) and boundary conditions (BCs) have been developed using Hamilton's principle and have been solved with assistance of the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM). Besides, for the validation of the results, the results of current model are compared to the results acquired from analytical method. The results show that porosity, GPL distribution pattern, length scale parameter, number of layers and GPL weight function have significant influence on natural frequency, critical load and critical temperature of the porous GPLRC cylindrical nanoshell. The results of the current study are useful suggestions for design of nanoactuators and nanosensors.

Semantic web service composition using semantic similarity measures and formal concept analysis

One of the main assets of the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is composition, which consists in developing higher-level services by re-using well-known functionality provided by other services in a low-cost and rapid development process. In this paper, we present IDECSE a new integrated approach for composite services engineering. By considering semantic Web services, IDECSE addresses the challenge of fully automating the classification, discovery and composition while reducing development time and cost. The classification and the discovery processes rely on adequate semantic similarity measures. Both semantic and syntactic descriptions are integrated through specific techniques for computing similarity measures between services. Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is used then to classify Web services into concept lattices in order to facilitate relevant services identification. A graph based semantic Web service composition process was proposed within the IDECSE framework. Using semantic similarities in grouping classes of services and in composing services shows a significant improvement compared to other approaches.

Valuation of Urban Water Eco-System Service Functions

Water eco-system service functions refer to the natural environment conditions and utilities formed by the water eco-system and ecological process to maintain human survival. They are the eco-environmental conditions for human survival and development and the basic resources of human social and economic development. During the rapid development of the urbanization process, the urban water eco-system has been increasingly influenced by human activities. Humans have severely destroyed the original urban water system while exploiting and utilizing water resources on a large scale, and consequently resulted in a series of water environment problems. In order to build a harmonious urban eco-system and reasonably utilize and protect water resources, it is of great importance to analyse and improve the urban water eco-system service functions and conduct the valuation, so as to arouse the public’s awareness of recognizing and protecting the urban water resources.

The Road to change, transformation through infrastructure. The development of Prishtina city

Prishtina is experiencing a boom of development and the city is expending rapidly. The new development is creating new residential neighborhoods with no planning standards and no quality spaces for its citizens. The cities connection through infrastructure has played a big role in the expansion process orienting the sprawl towards the main axes creating new economic areas. Infrastructure can be a vector connection within the cities system. This vector connection can be an activating agent into connecting spaces, improving mobility and social spaces. Infrastructure is vital not only to the cities inner connection but to the development of economies and cultural connection. For cities investing in infrastructure and development is a complex task involving many actors. The planning process is strategically oriented toward best scenarios and best practices. There are many models and instruments that help cities to introduce these transformations in the best way for the context. Instrument and models of transport are different for every context, but the process of planning for the city of Prishtina is a challenging scene, since the city has no previous planning in motion and the rapid development process is continuing to happened, using instruments to develop a transport vision might be the only way for the city to manage its needs. The main aim of this research is to comprehend the role of infrastructure for the city of Prishtina, evaluating the impact of this infrastructure to current expansion and future development that the city will face.

Distinct and Quantitative Validation Method for Predictive Process Modelling in Preparative Chromatography of Synthetic and Bio-Based Feed Mixtures Following a Quality-by-Design (QbD) Approach

Process development, especially in regulated industries, where quality-by-design approaches have become a prerequisite, is cost intensive and time consuming. A main factor is the large number of experiments needed. Process modelling can reduce this number significantly by replacing experiments with simulations. However, this requires a validated model. In this paper, a process and model development workflow is presented, which focuses on implementing, parameterizing, and validating the model in four steps. The presented methods are laid out to gain, create, or generate the maximum information and process knowledge needed for successful process development. This includes design of experiments and statistical evaluations showing process robustness, sensitivity of target values to process parameters, and correlations between process and target values. Two case studies are presented. An ion exchange capture step for monoclonal antibodies focusing on high accuracy and low feed consumption; and one case study for small molecules focusing on rapid process development, emphasizing speed of parameter determination.

The application of HPLC/MS analysis with a multi-enzyme digest strategy to characterize different interferon product variants produced from Pichia pastoris

Interferons are signaling proteins that belong to the large class of cytokines and human interferons which are classified based on the type of receptor interactions: type I, II and III. IFNα2b belongs to the type I interferon class with a major therapeutic application for the treatment of hepatitis B and C infections. A recombinant form of IFNα2b expressed in E. coli, known as IntronA, has been approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). IFN γ, also known as type II interferon, plays a significant role in the inhibition of viral replication. Actimmune® is a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved version of IFN γ for the indication of reducing infections associated with chronic granulomatous disease and severe malignant osteopetrosis. In this study we have applied advanced analytical methods for the characterization of IFNα2b and IFN γ produced from Pichia pastoris. The multi-enzyme digestion approach has been developed to allow measurement of 100% sequence coverage and detailed analysis of post-translational variants and degradation products. In this manner, we identified the following variants in IFN α2b: N-terminal residual leader sequence, an amino acid substitution, oxidation of methionine residues and two sites of high mannose N-glycosylation. In the Pichia IFN γ produced material, our approach detected variants resulting from glycosylation, C-terminal proteolysis, oxidation of methionine residues and deamidation. In this manner, the analytical program was able to support rapid process development as well as identify product variants and degradation products in the resulting product.

Project Scheduling of New Product Development Process in Automotive Industry in Indonesia Using Design Structure Matrix (DSM)

Innovation technology and development of customer needs diversification drive products to be more complex and the complexity changes the product life cycle become faster than before. Many industries try to create a more rapid new product development (NPD) process in order to enter the market and gain customer earlier than their competitors. Therefore, optimal timing and scheduling become important factors in the success of NPD process. This paper aims to perform project scheduling in NPD process of automotive industry in Indonesia by using Design Structure Matrix (DSM) and the result was compared with Critical Path Method (CPM) as one of conventional project scheduling method. DSM manage every task and information flow within a project including possibility of rework activity that might be occurred in NPD process. The results showed the scheduling technique using DSM calculated shorter development process duration rather than using CPM. DSM also considered possibility of rework activity that might be happened in the real situation.

Geographical transition of urban areas. When regeneration not necessarily means gentrification. A case study from Bologna (Italy)

Some cities or neighborhoods with a specific socio-economic vocation suffer the phenomenon of change and abandonment, which generates socio-functional and economic redefinitions. This has also happened to the city of Bologna which, over the last 150 years, has experienced a rapid process of economic development, moving from a primary sector economy to a economy based on the industry, to then end up with the most advanced specializations in the tertiary sector. Thus, industries and factories (which had attracted a substantial national workforce) were closed. This has produced the formation of numerous «urban voids», which have turned into abandoned and degraded areas, such as in the Bolognina neighborhood. The consequence was initially the abandonment by the resident population: dwellings remained empty were subsequently occupied by new arrived inhabitants. At first this transition generated contrasts between the pre-existing citizens and the new ones. For this reason, the municipal administration has initiated a series of interventions, aimed on the one hand at the regeneration of the neighborhood in its ethno-socio-economic peculiarities, on the other at the refunctionalization of abandoned areas, to the point of generating a partial process of gentrification. With reference to the territorial Municipality data and according to some published essays and field researches through the Bolognina neighborhood (site inspections and conversation with residents), this article confirms the idea that urban gentrification, urban transition, and urban regeneration are territorial processes in opposition to each other. Each of them can have characteristics and features that are appearently typical of the others, but which, taking shape in a particular territory, are complex geographical phenomena.

The dirty energy dilemma via financial development and economic globalization in Pakistan: new evidence from asymmetric dynamic effects.

Energy strategy has been an essential strand in the view of economists in achieving rapid development process of any country. The recent wave of globalization exerts pressure on energy consumption via financial development which ultimately vindicates economic growth. This paper has covered a period of 1976-2016 using annual data for the empirical analysis and constructed a growth equation as the main equation and the energy consumption equation as a channel equation. The empirical study has been undertaken by performing ARDL and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag models (NARDL). The bound test result declares a long-run association in both equations. Consequently, energy consumption and economic globalization have significantly enhanced economic growth in the long run. Whereas, financial development index has no influence on the economic growth of Pakistan. The results of channel equation suggested that due to growing the price of crude oil, the energy consumption is reduced in the long run. The increasing imports of energy products and increasing urbanization are conducive for energy consumption in Pakistan. By NARDL model, our empirical findings provide robust support for the existence of asymmetric co-integration linking among underlying variables of the study.

Deformation of Single Crystals, Polycrystalline Materials, and Thin Films: A Review.

With the rapid development of nano-preparation processes, nanocrystalline materials have been widely developed in the fields of mechanics, electricity, optics, and thermal physics. Compared to the case of coarse-grained or amorphous materials, plastic deformation in nanomaterials is limited by the reduction in feature size, so that they generally have high strength, but the toughness is relatively high. The “reciprocal relationship” between the strength and toughness of nanomaterials limits the large-scale application and development of nanomaterials. Therefore, the maintenance of high toughness while improving the strength of nanomaterials is an urgent problem to be solved. So far, although the relevant mechanism affecting the deformation of nanocrystalline materials has made a big breakthrough, it is still not very clear. Therefore, this paper introduces the basic deformation type, mechanism, and model of single crystals, polycrystalline materials, and thin films, and aims to provide literature support for future research.

At-line multi-angle light scattering detector for faster process development in enveloped virus-like particle purification.

At‐line static light scattering and fluorescence monitoring allows direct in‐process tracking of fluorescent virus‐like particles. We have demonstrated this by coupling at‐line multi‐angle light scattering and fluorescence detectors to the downstream processing of enveloped virus‐like particles. Since light scattering intensity is directly proportional to particle concentration, our strategy allowed a swift identification of product containing fractions and rapid process development. Virus‐like particles containing the Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐1 Gag protein fused to the Green Fluorescence protein were produced in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 cells by transient transfection. A single‐column anion‐exchange chromatography method was used for direct capture and purification. The majority of host‐cell protein impurities passed through the column without binding. Virus‐like particles bound to the column were eluted by linear or step salt gradients. Particles recovered in the step gradient purification were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, size exclusion chromatography coupled to multi‐angle light scattering and fluorescence detectors and transmission electron microscopy. A total recovery of 66% for the fluorescent particles was obtained with a 50% yield in the main product peak. Virus‐like particles were concentrated 17‐fold to final a concentration of 4.45 × 1010 particles/mL. Simple buffers and operation make this process suitable for large scale purposes.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Gadget terhadap Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini Prasekolah di TK Kemala Bhayangkari 3 Padang

Preschool children experience a rapid process of physical, motoric, intellectual, emotional, language and social development. One thing that influences development is gadgets. Gadgets are equipped with features such as social media, video, audio, images and games so that children become addicted and become lazy about moving or doing activities. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of gadget use on the development of preschool children at Kemala Bhayangkari 3 Padang Kindergarten. The research uses an Analytical Survey design with a cross sectional approach. Data collection was carried out at Kindergarten Kemala Bhayangkari 3 Padang from 10-24 May 2017 with a sample size of 55 people. The sampling technique is saturated sampling with a questionnaire and KPSP format. Data processing uses the chi-square statistical test. The research results showed that 67.3% of respondents were not normal in using gadgets, 50.9% of respondents had deviant development. The results of the bivariate analysis obtained p-value=0.007, meaning that there is a significant relationship between gadget use and the development of preschool-aged children. The conclusion is that there is a significant relationship between gadget use and the development of preschool children. It is hoped that the school will continue to pay attention to children's development and provide stimulus to achieve appropriate development. For parents to limit their children's use of gadgets to 30 minutes a week.

142-OR: Unique Role of the a4 Component for S6-Kinase Activity in Metabolic Regulation and Anti-apoptotic Effect in Brown Adipose Tissue

Insulin and IGF1 signaling regulate function of brown and white adipose tissues. Recently we created adipocyte-specific inducible IR/IGF1R knockout mouse (Ai-DKO) and demonstrated the critical role of insulin signaling in maintenance of BAT and WAT. To further investigate downstream targets of these hormones regulating adipose tissue mass in adult animals, we compared gene expression patterns in WAT and BAT by using Ai-DKO mice, and found α4 expression was significantly reduced in Ai-DKO BAT but not in WAT compared with those of control. Knockdown of α4 in brown preadipocytecell lines using shRNA did not affect insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IR, IRS1 or Akt; however, phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 protein was significantly increased in α4 KD cells after insulin stimulation. To investigate the impact of α4in mature adipocytesin vivo, we created inducible adipocyte-specific knockout of α4 gene (Ai-α4 KO) using floxed mice and mice carrying a tamoxifen-inducible Cre-ERT2transgene on the adiponectin promoter. Within 7 days, Ai-α4KO displayed an apparent decrease in SC-WAT and BAT mass, but not a significant effect on PG-WAT mass. Ai-α4 KO revealed extensive losses of adipocytes in SC-WAT and BAT depots with a significant increase in stromovascular cells in histological analysis with elevation of F4/80, TNF-α and IL-6, while no apparent changes were observed in PG-WAT. This appears to be due to a rapid development of an apoptotic process with increased TUNEL and cleaved caspase-3.Interestingly, Ai-α4KO showed marked reduction of BAT-associated functional gene UCP1 as well as PRDM16, Tfam and PGC1α mRNA compared to control. Consistent with these changes in mRNA and the decrease in BAT mass, Ai-α4 KO mice showed marked cold intolerance, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Thus, α4 is one of the components in control of insulin signaling and preferentially BAT mass, and has a unique role in regulating anti-apoptotic effect in brown adipocytes. Disclosure M. Sakaguchi: None. S. Okagawa: None. S. Kitano: None. T. Kondo: None. E. Araki: Research Support; Self; Astellas Pharma Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, Novo Nordisk Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Astellas Pharma Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi. Funding Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Takeda Foundation; MSD Foundation; Kenzou Suzuki Foundation; Ono Foundation; Motida Foundation

Development of a novel, high-throughput screening tool for efficient perfusion-based cell culture process development.

Perfusion technology has been successfully used for the commercial production of biotherapeutics, in particular unstable recombinant proteins, for more than a decade. However, there has been a general lack of high‐throughput cell culture tools specifically for perfusion‐based cell culture processes. Here, we have developed a high‐throughput cell retention operation for use with the ambr® 15 bioreactor system. Experiments were run in both 24 and 48 reactor configurations for comparing perfusion mimic models, media development, and clone screening. Employing offline centrifugation for cell retention and a variable volume model developed with MATLAB computational software, the established screening model has demonstrated cell culture performance, productivity, and product quality were comparable to bench scale bioreactors. The automated, single use, high‐throughput perfusion mimic is a powerful tool that enables us to have rapid and efficient process development of perfusion‐based cell culture processes.

Instilling Character Education in Early Childhood by Using Illustrated Storybook

Early childhood is in its golden age and is very valuable compared to later ages. Early childhood experiences a very rapid process of growth and development. The intelligence of early childhood develops tremendously in absorbing everything in the surrounding environment. The golden age is a very decisive initial foundation in shaping the character and commendable personality and will adhere to adult children. Character education with an Islamic perspective will give birth to future generations who have quality personalities for the future of their lives in the future. Instilling character education in schools has an important role and spearheads the teacher. Character education is very appropriate to be implemented early. Early childhood does not know yet, has not been able to distinguish and does not yet know the effects of good deeds and bad deeds that they do. Educators should build the character of early childhood by introducing a variety of goodness, familiarizing and instilling pleasure to do good deeds. Learning method that can be applied to instill character from early childhood is through storytelling methods using illustrated storybook. Illustrated storybook is very interesting for early childhood because children can see various things and can develop imagination or fantasy, train emotions, attention and build the character of the child so that the Indonesian people have a future generation with good character.

Application of response surface method for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions using foam fractionation process

Discharge of heavy metals into the environment by wastewater from production and application processes is nowadays getting more and more serious due to the rapid development of such processes. Produced water during oil production and wastewater form metal plating and ore dressing are few examples to mention. In this research, removal of chromium ions from aqueous solutions has been studied by foam fractionation process using cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide as surfactant. Effect of processing time, gas flow rate, initial surfactant concentration, and initial pH on removal efficiency has been investigated. Preliminary screening tests were performed, and initial surfactant concentration and processing time were recognized as the variables with a significant effect on removal efficiency. Response surface methodology based on central composite design as a design of experiment method was employed to design experiments to study the effect of important variables more precisely. Five levels for each significant variable were considered and design of experiment. An accurate correlative model is developed for the estimation of removal efficiency under different operating conditions in foam fractionation process with a maximum relative error of 1.674%. Four sets of validation tests were also conducted, and the results of validation tests were shown to be in accordance with those obtained on tests dictated by design of experiment. Optimum operating conditions were found to be with an initial surfactant concentration of 175 ppm and 45 min of processing time that yielded 97.74% removal of Cr(VI) from a solution of 10 ppm initial concentration.

How Does Energy Consumption Affect China’s Urbanization? New Evidence From Dynamic Threshold Panel Models

Energy consumption may play different roles at different stages of urbanization and economic growth. Given China's rapid economic development and urbanization process, this study tries to explore the possible nonlinear relationship between energy consumption and urbanization in China. Against the background of promoting new-type urbanization, the level of China's urbanization is evaluated comprehensively using the entropy method. A newly-developed dynamic threshold panel model is employed to examine the nexus of energy consumption and comprehensive urbanization with full consideration of heterogeneous characteristics. The Panel Data Vector Autoregression, or PVAR, model is also used to estimate the direct effects of various energy consumption patterns on the urbanization. The empirical results indicate that the nexus of energy consumption and urbanization is indeed nonlinear and that energy consumption is conducive to promote China's urbanization at the current stage of development. However, the positive effect decreases when there is an increase in energy consumption intensity and energy consumption scale, whereas the effect increases with the promotion of energy consumption structure.