Abstract In this work, the surface modification of calcite-type calcium carbonate using the anionic surfactant sodium stearate was studied. Various techniques were used to characterize the samples such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water contact angle measurements, Raman Mappingvisualisation imaging, Raman depth profiling, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results of the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) suggest the formation of a coating on the surface of the modified calcium carbonate. Water contact angle measurements, Raman Mappingvisualisation imaging, and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) indicate that the optimal initial dosage of sodium stearate required for the formation of a monolayer coating is about 2 Wt%. Here, the hydrophilic heads of the sodium stearate arrange vertically on the calcium carbonate surface forming the monolayer. As the concentration of sodium stearate increases, the hydrophobic tails of the sodium stearate or calcium stearate connect each other, forming bilayer or multilayer coatings. Furthermore, the surface coating on calcium carbonate originates from the edge vertices and gradually spreads towards the central region as the amount of sodium stearate increases until complete coverage is achieved. Raman depth profiling and AFM visualization results suggest that the thickness of the monolayer coating is approximately 5.25nm.