Railway Passenger Transport Research Articles

Modeling of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) Collaborative Dispatching System of Railway Passenger Transport Hub Based on Neural Network Algorithm

In order to solve the modeling problem of travel as a service (MaaS) collaborative dispatching system of railway passenger transport hub based on neural network algorithm, meet people’s needs, make up for the lack of high traffic travel pressure, and improve people’s living standards, through 30 random questionnaires, it is found that 28 people think that travel convenience improves their quality of life, and 2 people think that owning a car has little effect on travel convenience. Travel has always been people’s basic living needs. In recent years, with the improvement of people’s living standards, there are more and more urban vehicles. At the same time, the increase of vehicles also directly leads to the increasing pressure of urban traffic travel, and the problems of vehicle emission pollution and traffic congestion are becoming more and more obvious. With the national low-carbon environmental protection policies, green transportation has become the theme of the times. With the continuous development of shared transportation mode and intelligent information technology, the new transportation concept of “Mobility as a Service” based on this technical mode will highly integrate the existing transportation modes and travel services. With the support of MaaS system, people’s travel modes will change greatly. Starting with the MaaS cooperative dispatching system of railway passenger transport hub, a multiparameter fuzzy neural network control system dispatching algorithm is proposed to better help the modeling of MaaS cooperative dispatching system of railway passenger transport hub.

Encouraging a Modal Shift to Passenger Railway Transportation: A Case Study in Adaptable Rolling Stock Interior Design

Continued urbanization continues to pose one of the greatest challenges to the environmental, economic and social sustainability of society. The modal split between transport modes has remained relatively unchanged in recent decades. This suggests that the level of private car use will lead to even more congestion in urban areas. Therefore, a modal shift from private to public transport should be further encouraged. One of the decisive quality characteristics for preferring public transport over private car use, such as passenger railway transportation, is the level of comfort. However, one of the main challenges for railway operators is the change in demand for capacity during peak hours and the demand for comfort during off-peak hours. The purpose of this study is to investigate the applicability of adaptable design in rolling stock interior to facilitate adaptations using case study research. The proposed design concept was evaluated and compared with current coach interior configurations using grey relational analysis. The case results showed that the design concept was adaptive by providing more options to meet the different needs of comfort and capacity. In addition, three new guidelines were identified that can generally serve as functional guidelines in the development of more adaptable assets in use to further encourage a modal shift.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on passenger mobility in national and international railway traffic of the Republic of Croatia

COVID-19 pandemic has brought difficult situations for the global economy and their economic activities. However, passenger traffic is one of the activities that has felt the impact of the pandemic the most. The movement of passengers was reduced to a minimum, and some forms of traffic were completely suspended. One such example is railway transport in the Republic of Croatia, whose activity was completely stopped in April 2020, which also affected the business of the company Croatian Railway Passenger Transport Ltd. In this paper, the authors will analyse the impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the mobility of passengers in national and international railway passanger transport of the Republic of Croatia.

The value of travel time for long-distance railway passenger transport in the Czech Republic

This paper investigates the value of travel time (VTT) for long-distance railway passenger transport in the Czech Republic. The VTT is elicited using stated preference (SP) data from 232 respondents traveling on two main train routes in the Czech Republic, Brno– Prague and Brno– Ostrava, in 2017 and 2018, respectively. We estimate a median VTT of approximately 5 EUR/hour. This value is substantially lower than the values estimated for the Czech Republic from meta-studies based on data from other European countries, some of which are officially used for the assessment of transport projects in the Czech Republic.

HUBS AS A KEY TOOL FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF THE SERVICE AND DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIMODAL PASSENGER TRAFFIC

This article stresses the need to develop multimodal passenger transport. Particular attention is paid to the construction of HUBs based on railway stations. HUB is the transport interchange node, passenger complex, which redistributes passenger flows between transport modes and directions. They allow to optimize transportation processes, as well as to create an infrastructure for convenient and fast passenger transfer between different transport modes. The preconditions for creating organizational conditions to ensure the sustainable development of the passenger railway transport sector are outlined. In the near future, combined passenger transport with the participation of several modes of transport will attract tourists from around the world. The authors’ concept of the term “passenger comfort zone” is proposed, which takes into account all the needs of modern tourists. The mechanism of multimodal transportations of passengers by railway transport in interaction with other participants of the servicing process is presented. A model of institutional support for the development of multimodal passenger railway transport is proposed to create conditions for integrated transport services for passengers by the passenger railway transport complex. The expediency of forming a system of railway passenger HUBs in Ukraine is vital to attracting investments to improve transport and tourism infrastructure, as well as to roll stock and a range of services for the benefit of all stakeholders in the transport sector (e.g., the state, investors, and passengers).

Assessment of Drivers and Deterrents of Development of High-Speed Passenger Railway Transportation

Reduction in travel time is one of the eloquent trends in transport developments. It is consistent with the desire of leading transport companies to create conditions to increase traffic speeds.The objective of the article is to analyse prospects and drivers for development of high-speed rail transportation as of a priority transport segment characterised by best safety rates and environmental friendliness as compared to other types of transportation.The review of core parameters of HSR is suggested to show features of its global development.Ecological friendliness, encouragement of labour and other mobility of people, of innovative technology development of railways and interconnected industries are most relevant as universal drivers of HSR development.Constraints due to substantial investment needs, long payback period, necessity to implement additional side projects to develop interrelated transport infrastructure to obtain more tangible economic and social effects, to provide for sufficient passenger flow at the initial or further stages of HSR operation were considered as main deterrents.The factors, their parameters, assessment of their priority ranking when making decisions on construction or development of HSR are determined in each country by transport development strategies, current economic conditions, and a set of other factors.

VNIIZHT Scientifc Journal celebrates 80th anniversary! Part I. The war years

Development of the railway industry depends on the work of many engineers and scientists who master the advanced technical and technological frontiers. The results of their work require experimental verification by specialists, technicians and engineers in the field. At the same time, in a systematic setting of the case, the conduct of experiments should be preceded by discussion and scientific discussion. A scientific and technical journal is intended to serve as an absentee format for such a discussion.In 2022, our magazine will celebrate its 80th anniversary. It was created by the order of the Political Administration of the People's Commissariat of Railways of the USSR in 1942, in the midst of the Great Patriotic War. The state entrusted our journal with a very important mission — concentration and dissemination of experience in the restoration of damaged communication lines and development of new technologies for military freight and passenger railway transportation. This extreme practical orientation and an urgent need for empirical knowledge was reflected in the choice of the original name of the journal — “Railways engineering”.Since the creation of the journal, the editorial staff have striven to fulfll the mission entrusted to it and to maintain a high level of domestic railway science. Several stages can be distinguished in the eighty-year history of the VNIIZHT scientifc journal.This article presents an analysis of the frst stage — the stage of the war years.

Transformation of the marketing complex taking into account the features of railway passenger transport services

Introduction. The fourth wave of industrialization and total technologization made fundamental changes in the life of society and in business, including marketing. The issues of the essence and depth of transformational processes in marketing, the need to find a new paradigm of the marketing complex, the rationality of combining its classical and modern tools, the conditions of interaction with clients and the role of society in “marketing 4.0” remain controversial among scientists and practitioners. Investigate the genesis of the marketing complex from its origins to the present and its optimal model in terms of meeting the requirements of the time, product features of the transport market, and the concept of marketing on rail passenger transport. Results. Diachronic analysis of the transformation of the basic variant of the marketing complex made it possible to identify the reasons for these changes and to prove the inexpediency of forming a new paradigm of the marketing complex and the simultaneous application of several of its variants. It is shows that all subsequent models were developed based on the “4P” model. This model is the most successful, but it should be constantly evolving. Its «product» element, which is transforms into a “merchandise” in the “4M” model, is able to reflect the multicomponent and complex nature of the service for railway passengers. The key aspects of the transformation of the “4P” complex into the “4C” complex are considered, both versions of which are more customer-oriented, in the context of “marketing 4.0”. It found that the main reason for the emergence of “marketing 4.0” was the change in the role of marketing in society, a sharp increase in its social significance. The development of Internet technologies and the change of generations of consumers have acted as reinforcing factors in this process. From the point of view of the above, the defining difference of “marketing 4.0” from its previous versions is reveals and the author's version of the essence of “marketing 4.0” is proposed. Conclusion. The “4P” marketing mix model is able to adapt to modern conditions and digital technologies, while remaining the dominant paradigm. Transformational processes should concern all components of the “4P” model. Remaining basic, this model changes the concept in “marketing 4.0”, which increases customer benefits and forces a rethinking of the role of the customer in business. However, the elements of the marketing mix are not sufficiently adapted and do not fully take into account the peculiarities of individual industries and their products, therefore this issue requires further development.

Analyzing the Factors Which Influence the Effectiveness of Railway Passenger Transport

Railway transport makes significant contributions to the economy of every country. Approximately 30 000 people are directly employed in this sector in Bulgaria, and the added value to the GDP amounts to approximately 2% (NSI, 2019а). Railway transport is crucial for a more sustainable transport sector, stable economic development, as well as social cohesion and connectivity of citizens. The article presents a study of the technical and operational factors for the work of railway transport as well as energy consumption during freights. The goal is to outline the way these indicators affect the stable development of railway transport and what their actual influence is in regard to carrying out railway passenger transport. The speed and energy efficiency of railway passenger transport have been analysed, as they will serve as the foundation for specific suggestions on how to carry out passenger transport in Bulgaria more effectively.

Geologistic aspects of railway passenger transportation in Ukraine

The passenger economy of the Ukrainian railway in the context of long-distance and suburban services has been analyzed. The basis of long-distance research is the share of certain categories (night speed, regional, night express, high-speed express Intercity+ and Intercity). Particular attention is paid to the distance of night high-speed trains over 1000 km within Ukraine. Regional routes are distinguished by length and route in different economic regions. This contributes to the selection of cities in nearby regions between which there is no direct connection. To characterize high-speed trains of the Intercity+ category, speed indicators are used, which allows to determine the best routes by speed. The reasons for the slow movement of some express trains have also been identified. The material shows the difference between the categories Intercity+ and Intercity. Only one of the class of night passenger trains is briefly mentioned, which is considered to be the most picturesque from the tourist point of view. Suburban service after the resumption of passenger traffic in early summer 2020 is described in detail. The most important indicator of this analysis is the number of suburban train pairs that were destined for transportation. Stations in each region are presented in tabular format, from which the movement to the endpoints is carried out. During the writing of the article, the largest passenger-intensive points were investigated in terms of the number of suburban transport flights and their administrative-territorial subordination to certain units was identified. In addition, areas with relatively low traffic of suburban trains and the causes of this socio-economic phenomenon are given. The problem of elongated routes serving sparsely populated areas, especially in the regions of southern Ukraine, has been identified. On the example of the longest suburban service, a human-geographical approach to reducing the number of stops has been proposed.

Визначення силової характеристики взаємодії системи пасивної безпеки головного вагона з великим транспортним засобом при зіткненні

One of the priorities of the National Economic Strategy of Ukraine for the Period up to 2030 is the development of the transport sector, in particular railway vehicle renewal, the introduction of high-speed railway passenger transport, and railway traffic safety improvement. The home motor-car trains must be renewed in compliance with new home standards harmonized with European ones, among which one should mention the Ukrainian State Standard DSTU EN 15227, which specifies the passive safety of a passenger train in its emergency collisions with different obstacles. New car designs must provide not only effective up-to-date braking systems to prevent emergency collisions, but also passive safety systems with energy-absorbing devices. The main purpose of these devices is to reduce the longitudinal forces in the intercar connections and the car accelerations to an acceptable level for the three collision scenarios specified in the DSTU EN 15227. The Department of Statistical Dynamics and Multidimensional Mechanical Systems Dynamics, Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, developed a passive protection concept for home high-speed passenger trains in emergency collisions by the DSTU EN 15227 scenarios, proposals on the passive protection of a motor-car train head car, and honeycomb designs of lower- and upper-level energy-absorbing devices (EAD 1 and UL EAD, respectively), which are integrated into the head car front part and serve to damp the major part of the impact energy in front collisions with obstacles. This paper considers DSTU EN 15227 Scenario 3: a collision of a reference motor-car train at a speed of 110 km/h at a railway crossing with a large 15 t road vehicle, which is simulated as a large-size deformable obstacle (LSDO). The aim of the paper is to determine the force characteristic of the interaction of energy-absorbing devices mounted on the head car front part with a large road vehicle in a collision to assess the compliance of the proposed passive protection with the normative requirements. Finite-element models were constructed to analyze the plastic deformation of the elements of the EAD 1 – LSDO, UL EAD – LSDO, and EAD 1 – UL EAD –LSDO systems in a collision with account for geometric and physical nonlinearities, steel dynamic hardening as a function of the impact speed, and varying contact interaction between the elements of the systems considered. The studies conducted made it possible to determine the force characteristics of energy-absorbing device – obstacle interaction and the total characteristic of the contact force between two lower-level devices and two upper-level ones as a function of the obstacle center of mass displacement in a collision. The proposed mathematical models and the calculated force characteristics may be used in the study of the dynamics of a reference motor-car train – large road vehicle collision with the aim to assess the compliance of the passive protection of the home head car under design with the DSTU EN 15227 requirements.

Possibilities of Building Connection of M.R. Štefánik Airport to the ŽSR Network

Abstract The current conditions of the railway infrastructure near the M. R. Štefánik Airport is analysed as unsatisfactory. The current form of the railway infrastructure of the monitored area is not adapted to the creation of a suitable place for boarding and alighting of passengers. The point determined for boarding and alighting of passengers must be at a reasonable distance from the M. R. Štefánik Airport terminal. This distance must be able to be overcome by walking so that it is not necessary to use another mode of transport to move between these places. The article deals with the possibilities of connecting of M. R. Štefánik Airport to the ŽSR network. The basis for the proposal to connect M. R. Štefánik Airport with a suitable infrastructure ŽSR network within the framework of railway passenger transport is the determination of a suitable transfer point. One of the logical priorities is to place the transfer point as close as possible to the air transport terminal of the M. R. Štefánik Airport within the space possibilities and technical conditions.

The Mathematical Analysis of Demands for Railway Passenger Transport in Kosovo

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyse the railway transport of passengers in Kosovo, to determine its intensity and structure, to analyse which factors have the greatest impact on the demand for regular rail transport. Furthermore, the paper will examine which trend, which model fits best in moving this mode of transport based on data from 2011 to 2019, and then predict future trends in transport demand. The existence and strength of the dependence among the selected factors, which are assumed to have an impact on passenger rail transport will be examined by the mathematical method of regression analysis.

High-Speed Passenger Railway Transportation: Priority for Long-Term Developmen

High-speed passenger railway transportation is one of the priorities of scientific and technological development for most of the leading world railway companies that have global plans for construction of new high-speed rail lines (HSR).General review refers to plans of selected countries regarding construction of high-speed railways and the priority technologies/solutions required for the efficient provision of high-speed passenger services, as well as to costs and advantages associated with HSR construction. Besides, comparison of promising technology and adopted technical solutions is followed by assessment of their readiness level, and by features of HS trains operated by leading companies. Most important technologies comprise intelligent systems of autonomous train operation, remote traffic control, digital simulation of interaction of rolling stock and infrastructure, automated decision support systems, geospatial infrastructure monitoring, and real-time remote condition monitoring of rolling stock and infrastructure.Conclusions drawn argue in favour of promising character of research in the field of breakthrough technology conducted by railways, possibilities for Russia to join the countries with most advanced high-speed rail passenger transportation.

Polish Regional and Long-Distance Railway Transport During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The purpose of this article is to present the changes that took place on the market of passenger transport by rail in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Particular attention has been paid to the railway passenger transport in Poland. Two segments of this transport sector are presented: regional (represented by the POLREGIO company) and long-distance (represented by the PKP Intercity company). An analysis of the available data shows that irrespective of the segment, the year 2020 was characterized by significant reductions in terms of transport, which reached the lowest volumes in April and May, and the financial results of PKP Intercity were worse than in previous years; however, the share of POLREGIO in the market of passenger transport by rail increased. For the purpose of the article, literature and other available sources have been researched and analytical and synthetic methods have been applied. In addition to text, drawings are included. Keywords: railways, regional railway transport, long-distance railway transport, COVID-19

Models of Organisation of Combined (Mixed-Mode) Passenger Transportation

The article examines business models for mixedmode (combined) passenger transportation and development of combined passenger transportation as a factor in the growth of capacity of the railway passenger transportation market. The crisis in the transport services market, caused by non-economic factors (COVID‑19 pandemic), is characterized by a classic combination of supply shocks and demand shocks for passenger transportation, which increases relevance of the problem of searching ways to rise the volume of passenger traffic, in particular, by rail, demand for services provided to the public using railway assets.The current approach to increasing the demand for railway passenger transportation by developing the railway route network, improving the equipment of railway stations and the quality of service, expanding the range of services offered, promoting everything that encourages the consumption of services by a larger number of customers, will remain important. Nevertheless, this approach should be critically considered and supplemented in the light of new economic trends motivated by digital technology. That is especially important today, when, in conditions of resource constraints, a strategic organisational solution is needed aimed at scaling a business, achieving an optimal «balance» of costs, quality, competencies, flexibility and customer focus.The organisation of combined passenger transportation involves active «horizontal» interaction of various transport organisations, both among themselves and with different cohorts of passengers with their own consumer preferences and income restrictions. Therefore, the transition from linear business processes built «vertically» to horizontal business processes that offer specialised packages of services through a «single window» system according to uniform standards based on digital technologies is relevant.The article proposes models for organising network interaction of participants in the passenger transportation market based on digital technologies to ensure «seamless» mobility of the population with the consolidating role of railway transport. Specific models for organising combined railway transportation should be based on a specific business model, the choice of which is determined by a strategic decision of the company.

Evaluation and Analysis of a Method to Real-Name Check Train Tickets during the COVID-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 has swept the world for more than one year. Public transport, especially railway passenger transport for long distance and extensive areas, is the most potential risk source of the pandemic. In railway passenger transport, real-name train ticket check can effectively track the propagation path of the pandemic, which is of most significance for spread prevention of COVID-19. In this study, the evaluation index system of real-name check of ticket in trains was first established, in which 22 indexes in 4 levels were included, and their weights were determined by the Method of Kantiray Weighting. Furthermore, a comprehensive evaluation model of real-name system check was proposed, in which normalized work of different indexes was done, and key factors affecting the evaluation were founded. Finally, typical data of 8 trains check were collected, and from the evaluation analysis, we can find out that most factors affecting results of real-name ticket check are attendant management, train organization level, train service, and real-name ticket check proportion, based on which corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are given oriented to short-, medium-, and long-distance trains, respectively, all of which can reduce the risk of pandemic propagation in railway system.

The income equality dividend in ‘green’ infrastructure: Evidence from the transport and waste sectors in the OECD

As it is exemplified by the Sustainable Development Goals, countries are expected to advance towards both decreasing environmental harmfulness and reducing income inequality. However, although debates can be found on how to succeed in each of these two challenges, less is known about how income distribution is affecting environmental achievements. In this article, the authors propose the concept of an ‘income equality dividend’ regarding adoption of sustainable modes within infrastructure networks in high income countries. Evidence is provided to show that more egalitarian countries do better adopting mature environmental technologies within infrastructure networks, such as municipal recycling and railway passenger transport. Panel data from the OECD, covering between 1996 and 2013, shows that the adoption rates of these environmental technologies are higher in countries with more egalitarian income distributions. The use of instrumental variables allows to prove that the link is exogenous. In addition, adoption of mature environmental technologies seems to respond more strongly to changes in the income shared by different groups, depending on the sector. While railway passenger transport is more strongly linked to changes in shares of the bottom 40 per cent and the top 10 per cent, municipal recycling is linked to income shares by the upper half of the bottom 40 per cent, and not affected at all by the share of the rich. The income equality dividend can be explained both due to changes in consumer behaviour on the demand side, and to institutional factors reflected by income distribution, on the supply side.

Revisiting the Effects of High-Speed Railway Transfers in the Early COVID-19 Cross-Province Transmission in Mainland China.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic that was reported at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China, and was rapidly disseminated to all provinces in around one month. The study aims to assess the changes in intercity railway passenger transport on the early spatial transmission of COVID-19 in mainland China. Examining the role of railway transport properties in disease transmission could help quantify the spatial spillover effects of large-scale travel restriction interventions. This study used daily high-speed railway schedule data to compare the differences in city-level network properties (destination arrival and transfer service) before and after the Wuhan city lockdown in the early stages of the spatial transmission of COVID-19 in mainland China. Bayesian multivariate regression was used to examine the association between structural changes in the railway origin-destination network and the incidence of COVID-19 cases. Our results show that the provinces with rising transfer activities after the Wuhan city lockdown had more confirmed COVID-19 cases, but changes in destination arrival did not have significant effects. The regions with increasing transfer activities were located in provinces neighboring Hubei in the widthwise and longitudinal directions. These results indicate that transfer activities enhance interpersonal transmission probability and could be a crucial risk factor for increasing epidemic severity after the Wuhan city lockdown. The destinations of railway passengers might not be affected by the Wuhan city lockdown, but their itinerary routes could be changed due to the replacement of an important transfer hub (Wuhan city) in the Chinese railway transportation network. As a result, transfer services in the high-speed rail network could explain why the provinces surrounded by Hubei had a higher number of confirmed COVID-19 cases than other provinces.

Prospective directions for the development of passenger railway transportation in Krasnoyarsk urban agglomeration

Prospective directions for the development of passenger railway transportation in Krasnoyarsk urban agglomeration