Railway Carriage Research Articles

Crosswind aerodynamic characteristics of a stationary interior railway carriage through a long-span truss-girder bridge

This paper investigates the aerodynamics of a stationary model of an interior railway carriage inside a long-span truss-girder bridge in a wind tunnel. Effects of principle parameters of the truss bridge-girder configuration on the aerodynamics were examined, including bridge wind angle of attack (α), truss bridge-girder solidity ratio (Φ, projected area to envelope area ratio), and aspect ratio (B/D, truss bridge-girder width to height ratio). By varying α, the tested pressure distribution of the carriage model was analyzed in terms of the underlying flow physics of the carriage-bridge interaction. Consequently, the schematic flow patterns were inferred and subsequently utilized to expound the variations in the mean and fluctuating aerodynamic force coefficients. The results indicate that qualitatively the aerodynamic interaction of the truss bridge-girder on the carriage model is characterized by the shielding effect caused by upstream truss members, the suppression of underbody vortex-shedding due to the girder lower deck, and the quasi-Reynolds number effect on the upstream carriage shoulder. Compared to the results of the carriage model without the truss bridge-girder, the shielding effect reduces the mean drag force, whereas the suppression of underbody vortex shedding decreases the mean rolling moment and all the fluctuating forces. The quasi-Reynolds number effect surfaces as α varies given that the inflow Reynolds number is held constant, thus altering the aerodynamic forces abruptly. For the variation of the other two truss bridge-girder configuration parameters (Φ and B/D), qualitatively similar carriage-bridge interaction on the carriage aerodynamics was observed, although with some quantitative differences. The imperfect spanwise correlation of sectional aerodynamics was also observed as mostly owing to the shielding effect formed by the diagonal truss members. In addition, the influence of carriage-bridge interaction on the bridge aerodynamics was also examined and briefly discussed.

Troon: Multi-Level Governance in a Post-Industrial Town

The original plan for the town of Troon was by the 4th Duke of Portland creating, arguably, the first railway town in Scotland, serving both as a coal port and a resort for Georgian sea-bathers. The coal trade expanded, shipbuilding was added as was the manufacture and repair of railway carriages. Troon became a burgh run by a council, abolished in local government reforms in the 1970s, becoming of two-tiered councils, later part of South Ayrshire Council, under a devolved Scottish Parliament and Ministers, all under a United Kingdom Parliament and Government. For almost fifty years these structures existed within the evolving governance system of the European Union, together with a growing number of treaties of the United Nations. The result is a remarkably complex system of multi-level governance (MLG), varying by issues, depending on the treaties, statutes, ministries and agencies. A small town lies under many formal levels of government, plus agencies and authorities that often span different levels in ways that can be opaque and even obscure. Today, economic growth in Troon is largely a matter of initiatives by local businesses and of national firms seeking to build as many houses as they can persuade South Ayrshire Council to approve. It harbour has some fishing, a modest timber trade from Argyle and a saw mill. The Council has limited resources after many years of austerity and has to concentrate on its most pressing issues. Tourism has stagnated and the airport at nearby Prestwick seems in terminal decline, while its iconic golf courses face economic threats. Despite promises of a town plan for Troon it has failed to adopt one, despite the complex challenges of retail decay, the dominance of commuting and the challenges of climate change.

Assessment of professional risk of health of workers of the enterprise for repair of railway carriage

The aim of the study was to assess the professional risk of developing diseases in workers of the railway car repair enterprise. The Voronezh Car Repair Plant, a branch of Vagonremmash Joint-Stock Company, was chosen as the object of study. Methods: «The methodology for calculating individual occupational risk depending on the working conditions and the health status of the employee», developed by the Klin Institute for Protection and Working Conditions in conjunction with the Research Institute of Occupational Medicine (2013), the main professions; cohort study with the calculation of the relative risk of morbidity with temporary disability, the odds ratio, the etiological share of factors in the formation of morbidity (group size: 250 people, experimental group — workers of the main specialties, 95 people — comparison group). Results. According to the research results, the priority factors of occupational health risk include: chemical, noise, heating microclimate, low light level. For certain professions, the share of the contribution of priority factors to the risk profile (PV) reaches 40 %. The indicator of individual occupational risk is 0.12 to 0.26 units. The high level of professional risk (0.22 ÷ 0.26) is characterized by the working conditions of the mechanics for the repair of rolling stock, machine tools (woodworking), casters (metal), thermists, plastic casters. In professional groups with medium and high risk, the indicator of the relative risk of morbidity with temporary disability is higher than 1 (RR = 1.75 and 1.39, respectively), and the etiological share of production factors in the formation of diseases is from 27.95 (subgroup with secondary professional risk) up to 42.88 % (a subgroup with high professional risk), which indicates the professional condition of the disease. Discussion. In general, our data are consistent with the results of similar studies conducted earlier at the car building and car repair enterprises. In order to ensure hygienically safe working conditions and preserve the health of workers, it is necessary to reduce the level of exposure to production factors, including through the introduction of modern equipment and improvement of technological processes.

Virtual Sorting: Improving Organization of Moving and Processing of Empty Car Flows

The growth in railway cargo carriage, followed by the search for its more efficient implementation results in the need to improve the regulatory framework for interaction of all participants in the transportation process on railways and the technology of organization of moving and processing of car flows on public tracks, reducing existing costs. This explains topicality of reducing shunting operations through flexible arrangement of wagons by destination stations. The objective of the study is to develop the technology of «virtual sorting of empty cars». The work has used methods of system analysis and the specific tools of railway traffic management and control. The technology is based on replacing physical rearrangement of empty cars when performing shunting work by introducing changes into the documents, that accompany the car, regarding the destination station and the recipient. It allows to reduce the planning horizon of turnover of empty cars by clarifying their destination assignments within the delivery process and, as a consequence, to obtain a significant economic effect by reducing the costs of processing transit car flows, by reducing the risks of not providing empty cars for loading, by attracting additional loading volumes, by accelerating the turnover of cars and other effects. Ultimately, the implementation of the suggested technology can increase the competitiveness of railway transport.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИПРОБУВАННЯ НА МІЦНІСТЬ АВТОРЕГУЛЯТОРІВ ГАЛЬМІВНОГО ОБЛАДНАННЯ ПАСАЖИРСЬКИХ ВАГОНІВ

The automatic regulator РКЗТ-675 (РТПР-675) and РТПР-675M is installed in the brake lever transmission of the passenger car and used for automatical maintenance of gaps between the surfaces of rolling of wheel pairs and brake pads within the established limits irrespective of the wear of the rolling surfaces of wheels. The design of auto regulators allows you to change the stroke of the piston rod and the brake cylinder and to manually release and tighten the regulator. Scope of auto regulators: freight, passenger cars and electric trains of the main railways. The article is devoted to solving the problem of contradictions in clause 15.5.7 of the current departmental Ukrainian instruction ЦЛ-0013 for repairing brake equipment of the railway carriage of the existing requirement for mandatory compliance with screw unscrewing in size "a" within 300-350 mm when testing automatic regulators on an automatic test stand for strength under load a normalized force of 8t in the longitudinal direction, provided that there are no residual deformations of the automatic regulator screw along its length. The article aims to refute the dependence of the values of the stress state of an automatic regulator when testing its strength on a test bench from a change in its length in the entire possible range of screw unscrewing by size "a" in the allowable range of 0-600 mm. The problem is solved by calculation using two different methods, and the results of the stress state values of the automatic regulator with different lengths of screw unscrewing by size “a” are compared with each other. Based on this, the general conclusion is made that the size “a” (within the range of 0–600 mm) of the automatic regulator screw unscrewing when testing it for strength with the same load force (N = 8t ≈ 80 кН) in the longitudinal direction does not affect the calculated value of the screw tension σ = 113.23 MPa when tested on an automatic bench. The developers of the departmental Ukrainian instruction ЦЛ-0013 are invited to make in clause 15.5.7 corresponding changes regarding the requirement of optional observance of the value of the size "a" within 300-350 mm at the bench test of the automatic regulators for the tensile load under the standardized force of 8t.

Construction of efficient detectors for character information recognition

We have developed and tested in numerical experiments a universal approach to searching objects of a given type in captured video images (for example, people's faces, vehicles, special characters, numbers and letters, etc.). The novelty and versatility of this approach consists in a unique combination of the well-known methods ranging from creating detectors to making decisions independent of the type of recognition objects. The efficiencies of various types of basic features used for image coding, including the Haar features, the LBP features, and the modified Census transformation are compared. A combination of the modified methods is used for constructing 11 types of detectors of the number of railway carriages and for recognizing digits from zero to nine. The efficiency of the constructed detectors is studied.

Perspectives of development of organizational and technological structures of washing machinery companies with the use of current flow lines of wagon repair

In this article the modern state of railway transport and carriage economy is characterized, the main problems and ways of their development are determined. The existing methods of repairing wagons - stationary and flow - are analyzed. The main features, advantages and disadvantages of these methods are determined. The necessity of introduction of industrial methods of repair, namely the use of flexible flow lines, is substantiated. It is determined that construction of new generation wagon repair companies, which will be adapted for the repair of each specific wagon with the use of flexible flow lines, is the basis for further development of the carriage economy. The basic requirements to the new generation of car repair enterprises are substantiated, such as improving the quality of car repairs, reducing the time spent in repairing cars, and creating conditions for the constant growth of labor productivity. It has been determined that for the introduction of high-performance industrial repair methods, such as flexible flow lines, the necessary condition is the possibility of moving wagons between specialized positions, which are exclusively intended for a certain amount of work and equipped with special technological equipment. The asynchronous flexible flow of repairs of wagons is an effective stage in the development of stream repair production, which can be created on the basis of the transformation of classical flow-conveyor lines due to changes in their structure and ties between the elements. It has a higher level of systematic than existing current-pipelines and can significantly expand the range of types of repaired cars and make the transition from one-subject specialization to multi-purpose, which includes repair of not only different types of cars, but also different types of repairs (depot , capital). The concept of flexibility and asynchronous flow is defined. Asynchronous flow indicates that wagons move from one repair position to another not all simultaneously at regular intervals, but gradually as needed and possible. Flow flexibility is an integral concept that characterizes the possibility of a quick transition to output of another type size and model. When applying a flexible flow, where there is some transport freedom and the potential for choosing the route of carriage along the flow positions, the throughput is significantly increased, and the simple carriage in the repair is reduced.

Dynamic vibration protection of the railway carriage

The article describes the conditions under which the freight in the car is subject to force impact. The car has two degrees of freedom, and the freight has one. In the general case, if the system parameters satisfy the equation of the system, we have an antiresonance. In particular cases, if Н1 or Н2 or Н3 is zero, the antiresonance mode occurs when conditions are met, respectively. In these cases, the freight is at rest, which is often required to preserve the freight during transportation by rail. The conditions for dynamic damping of freight oscillations are obtained.

Railway carriage mass impact on retarder noise

The paper is aimed on railway brake noise on set up track in a Teplicka nad Vahom arranging station. On the basis of noise measurements, it is possible to determine the presumption of impact of rail brake operation on municipalities in the vicinity of the set up rail area and to adjust its technology in the time frame so that the statutory noise limits are not exceeded. Also is possible to determine, if it is possible to use the technology in praxis to pass requirements for statutory noise limits. For operators of the arranging station and railway brakes is very important to set time schedule properly for every freight train set. It is precisely for this reason that technology can be designed according to the catchment density and the duration of the individual wagon alignment so that the freight trains concerned are not delayed. It is also possible to take into account that a shifted group of wagons with lower weight per axle will cause less braking noise.

New methods of noise reduction in railway carriages

Abstract Source of noise and possibilities of noise reduction in railway vehicles. Simulation methods of noise transfer in railway vehicle structure. New possibilities of noise reduction using unconventional design and materials in railway carriages. New methods of noise experiments.

Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation for Energy Harvesting-Based Device-to-Device Communication

In this paper, we address the downlink resource (subcarriers and power jointly) allocation problem for energy harvesting-based device-to-device communication in a railway carriage communication network to improve the energy efficiency (EE) of the system. The considered problem is formulated as maximizing the weighted EE and is solved by leveraging a game-theoretic learning approach. Specifically, we first propose a new performance metric for evaluating the EE and optimize its lower bound. However, there exists an intractable issue of mixing the integer nature into the feasible region. To this end, we decompose the optimization problem into two subproblems by fixing the subcarrier and power allocations alternately. These two subproblems are formulated as two exact potential games, and the optimal properties of their solutions are analyzed. Accordingly, we respectively design a virtual distributed learning algorithm for the power control to find the optimum solution, i.e., Nash equilibrium (NE) point, based on the derived conditions of the uniqueness of NE, which can effectively accelerate convergence, and a fully distributed Max-logit algorithm for the subcarrier allocations to obtain the best NE with an arbitrarily high probability in which only local information needs to be exchanged. Through the alternation of two algorithms and iterative operation, the optimal solution to the problem is achieved. Finally, numerical results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

On periodic solutions in the Whitney's inverted pendulum problem

In the book `What is Mathematics?' Richard Courant and Herbert Robbins presented a solution of a Whitney's problem of an inverted pendulum on a railway carriage moving on a straight line. Since the appearance of the book in 1941 the solution was contested by several distinguished mathematicians. The first formal proof based on the idea of Courant and Robbins was published by Ivan Polekhin in 2014. Polekhin also proved a theorem on the existence of a periodic solution of the problem provided the movement of the carriage on the line is periodic. In the present paper we slightly improve the Polekhin's theorem by lowering the regularity class of the motion and we prove a theorem on the existence of a periodic solution if the carriage moves periodically on the plane.

IMPROVING THE DESIGN OF ROLLING STOCK FOR TRANSPORTATION CONTAINERS BY RAIL

Purpose. The growth of rail container traffic and competition with road carriers create prerequisites for finding new ways to organize transportation. Analysis of technical information shows that at present up to 80% of international transport of large goods carried out using containers that allow you to organize the delivery of goods using different types of transport. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop technical solutions to improve the design of rolling stock for the transport of containers. Methodology. Transportation of goods in large-tonnage containers is one of the perspective directions of development of railway transport. The constant growth of such transportation increases the need for specialized wagon-platforms. Therefore, the research methodology consists of analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of existing structures of specialized carriages for the transport of containers and developing technical solutions for the construction of rolling stock for the transport of containers using modern materials and advanced engineering technologies. Findings. The innovative designs of carriages-platforms for the transport of containers, developed by PDTB DNURT, considered, taking into account both the worked out technical solutions and the perspective developments in the field of railway engineering. Originality. Improved simulation models and calculation schemes of railway carriages for the transport of containers by rail, which, unlike existing ones, allow us to take into account not only the design features and the layout of the containers, but also the degree of influence of the manufacturing technology of the main structural elements. Practical value. Developed technical solutions to improve platform for transportation of containers by rail can used in the formulation for the production of new models of cars at machine-building enterprises and the modernization of existing models during repairs.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДОГОВІРНОЇ КОМПАНІЇ 2018 РОКУ З ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕННЯ ВАНТАЖІВ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНИМ ТРАНСПОРТОМ

The reform of the railway industry of Ukraine leads to changes in the organization of contract work in the model "Customer-Railway". The customers of railways service constantly set the tasks before the management of the railway that needed to be resolved. For example it was necessary to improve the interaction of the railways activity and users of its services. The proposed Ukrainian Railways PJSC scheme for 2018 provides for an automated and paper-based registration of contracts through the Center for Transport Logistics(CTL), which simplifies the procedure for concluding contracts and makes it possible to make settlements for transportation through the Unified Settlement Center (USC). The distinct feature of the new contract for providing the services related to the organization of goods transportation in domestic and international communications is the definition of the identity of railway carriage (container) of the carrier. Thus only the introduction of a new contract without capital investment and the introduction of technical means increased transportation charges that are the significant expense for railroad users and increase immensely the cost of goods. For efficient use of the carriages of the carrier, it is necessary to determine the standard number of days of the carriage in the freight and empty runs. Such a prospect as the creation of a powerful carrier UZ Cargo, which will dictate the conditions in the transportation market, will improve the efficiency of the use of railroad rolling stock, increase profits and assignations for infrastructure modernization.

Forces Acting on A Bearing of an Electric Motor for The Railway Carriage Rounding A Curve

Forces Acting on A Bearing of an Electric Motor for The Railway Carriage Rounding A Curve

Enclosure design of train of eating and generator on production PT. INKA Madiun using computational fluid dynamics

Trains are a means of transportation is much in demand by the community because it is considered effective and efficient. The railway has several sections, one of which is on the railway carriage and the power plant. In this study, train carriage and power plant with the loading of one railway carriage, designed to be quieter, with reference not exceeding the standard limit based on Kepmen LH Number 48 of 1996. Design used by altering the enclosure insulation in the generator chamber. In the existing condition, the train carriage has not met the standard at station noise. This study obtained the noise insulation results from enclosure design on railway carriages and generators made with various variations, so obtained enclosure with 25% grill ratio and ventilation on the floor, that is with the value of sound pressure level at a distance of 6 meters of 65.77 and 65.56 dBA.

Improvement of Adhesion of the Wheels of the Railway Carriage to the Rails by Means of Supply of the Scale and Magnetite Particles to the Contact Zone

The article proposes a method to improve adhesion of the wheels to the rails of the railway carriage by means of supply of abrasive loose materials as an alternative to quartz sand to the zone of their contact: metal scale (Fe3O4) being the waste of rolling and forging, as well as the iron oxide—magnetite (FeO · Fe2O3) of the natural origin. The comparative assessment of efficiency of use of scale and magnetite was carried out in relation to quartz sand traditionally used for railway transport. The adhesion coefficient and wear intensity are used as comparison criteria.

ВНЕСОК ПРОФЕСОРА М.В. ВИНОКУРОВА У ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ТЕХНІЧНИХ ШВИДКОСТЕЙ РУХУ ПОЇЗДІВ ТА ПОКРАЩЕННЯ ХОДОВИХ ЯКОСТЕЙ ВАГОНІВ

The article is devoted to the contribution of Professor M. V. Vinokurov to solving the problem of increasing technical speed of trains and improving the running qualities of railway carriage. The analyze of experimental studies of M. V. Vinokurov showed a close connection between the well-being of passengers with smoothness of motion, the magnitude of the amplitudes and the frequency of the carriage vibrations. Particular attention was paid to the brake application of the rolling stock of trains.

Оцінка економічної безпеки вагонної дільниці

One of the major constituent parts of the railway transport is a carriage department which provides safe and quality transportations with freight and passenger carriages and forms such quality parameters of a transport service as rhythm, reliability, safety, timeliness and others like that. Railway carriage stations as a components of railways provide preparation of passenger carriages and trains to the transportation and their correct and safe operation; they provide technical examination, organization of maintenance and timely and quality repairing of passenger carriages. Therefore a timely task is assessment and increasing economic security level of railway carriage station which requires proper methods. Economic security of an enterprise is its state of protection from external and internal threats and its ability to adapt to changes of surroundings.In the article methodology of estimation of level of economic security of an enterprise got further development by the way of taking into account the specific of activity of railway carriage station.The level of economic security of railway carriage station is revealed to depend on its basic indicators: labour productivity, return on funds, coefficient of circulating of turnover means, absolute liquidity, income per one transported passenger. The calculations of level of economic security of railway carriage station Kyiv are done for 2012 - 2016 and ways of its increasing are suggested.

Comparison analysis of passenger traffic by air and rail transport

The article analyses passenger traffic distribution between air transport on domestic air routes and railway transport on the routes of large distances within the Russian Federation. The research objective is to define the air traffic increase potential especially on the distances up to 2500 km. City-pairs air passenger traffic and railway passenger traffic between the destination points statistics for 2014 and 2016, distances between the points of destination and actual economy class air fares and railway compartment carriage tariffs as well data on airports state in corresponding points of destination are used as original information.Pivot tables of traffic on 5 thousand routes by both modes of transport are drawn up.Specific traffic shares by air transport between points of origin (taking off) and destination (landing) are defined. Passenger traffic distribution is evaluated by distance intervals in Russian Federation as a whole and from major airports : Moscow, Ekaterinburg, Sochi and Simferopol. The analysis defines the trend of traffic share increase by air transport along with rising traffic distances. The research reveals that 94,2% of passenger traffic by rail and 83% of traffic by air are carried for the distances up to 2 500 km. The statistics example of passenger traffic from Moscow and Ekaterinburg demonstrates that regional routes with distances up to 1000 km are the main increase potential for the traffic growth. In 2016 traffic share by air transport for the distances interval up to 1000 km was 16%.According to the tariffs analysis the conclusion is made that air fares exceed rail tariffs on flight distances up to 1000 km (because of the short distances flight speculiarities) and on the routes to hard-to-reach and remote areas. Passengers choice in favor of air transport on regional routes depends on creation of economic conditions to attract more passengers.