Radio-electronic Equipment Research Articles

Recommendations for Improving the Efficiency of Radio-Electronic Equipment Cooling Systems

Recommendations for Improving the Efficiency of Radio-Electronic Equipment Cooling Systems

Управление испытаниями ЭКБ в зависимости от условий их эксплуатации

The paper considers the requirements for test benches for studying the appearance of single radiation effects in the electronic component base (ECB) at elevated and low temperatures. Examples of the influence of the temperature regime on the levels of ECB stability, as well as the influence of the passive and active modes of radio-electronic equipment on the occurrence of single events are presented.

Studying the structures of modal filter with circular reflection symmetry

The paper considers the protection of radio-electronic equipment (REE) against ultrashort pulses (USPs) by using the symmetry to decompose a USP into a doubled number of pulses with half as small amplitude. For the first time, we performed a quasistatic simulation of the time response of a 4-conductor and 8-conductor MFs with circular reflection symmetry. It is shown that these MFs are able to decompose the USP into a sequence of pulses of smaller amplitude. However, in order to obtain the required attenuation level, additional optimization by several criteria is required.

Prototype of EMC Expert system for optimal design of radio-electronic equipment

This paper presents the results of the development of a prototype EMC expert system for optimal design of radio-electronic equipment. The work outlines the general structure of the system and describes the development features of the interference signals database, the analytical report generation module, the ready-made solutions database, the shielding effectiveness module and the degradation trend module.

СПОСОБЫ ЗАЩИТЫ АППАРАТУРЫ СОТОВОЙ (МОБИЛЬНОЙ) СВЯЗИ ОТ ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНЫХ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЙ

Under electromagnetic impact (EMI) of a sufficient level, temporary disruption of functioning, processing, transmission and storage of information in cellular equipment is possible. Possible problems of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of a mobile phone and a base station (BS) of cellular connection under the influence of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from other sources and their negative impact on functioning are considered. The energy of the HF electromagnetic field (EMF) after passing through the protective case can affect the devices of shielded radio electronic equipment (REE), therefore, the possible negative consequences of the impact of high-energy EMF on the REE are described. Possible negative consequences under certain conditions from the influence of the skin-effect, the effects of electrostatic discharge and electromagnetic pulses on electronic devices are given. It is shown that the constructional method of protecting REE from the effects of external electromagnetic factors consists in reducing the collected and transmitted EMF energy by improving the design, placement and installation of equipment. Components of some vendors for 5G systems that are resistant to external interference are given, and the possibilities for reducing the radiation level of a cell phone are noted. The necessity of an integrated approach to solving EMC problems is substantiated, which consists in the use of structural, circuitry and structural-functional methods of EMC provision. The new 5G (Fifth Generation) standard will operate at higher operating frequencies compared to previous generations. Due to the workload of the electromagnetic spectrum at frequencies below 6 GHz, 5G networks will be based on wireless radio access systems operating at frequencies of 30–100 GHz, that is, in the lower band of the extremely high frequency range EHF (Extremely High Frequency), 30–300 GHz.

СПОСОБЫ ЗАЩИТЫ АППАРАТУРЫ СОТОВОЙ (МОБИЛЬНОЙ) СВЯЗИ ОТ ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНЫХ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЙ

Under electromagnetic impact (EMI) of a sufficient level, temporary disruption of functioning, processing, transmission and storage of information in cellular equipment is possible. Possible problems of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of a mobile phone and a base station (BS) of cellular connection under the influence of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from other sources and their negative impact on functioning are considered. The energy of the HF electromagnetic field (EMF) after passing through the protective case can affect the devices of shielded radio electronic equipment (REE), therefore, the possible negative consequences of the impact of high-energy EMF on the REE are described. Possible negative consequences under certain conditions from the influence of the skin-effect, the effects of electrostatic discharge and electromagnetic pulses on electronic devices are given. It is shown that the constructional method of protecting REE from the effects of external electromagnetic factors consists in reducing the collected and transmitted EMF energy by improving the design, placement and installation of equipment. Components of some vendors for 5G systems that are resistant to external interference are given, and the possibilities for reducing the radiation level of a cell phone are noted. The necessity of an integrated approach to solving EMC problems is substantiated, which consists in the use of structural, circuitry and structural-functional methods of EMC provision. The new 5G (Fifth Generation) standard will operate at higher operating frequencies compared to previous generations. Due to the workload of the electromagnetic spectrum at frequencies below 6 GHz, 5G networks will be based on wireless radio access systems operating at frequencies of 30–100 GHz, that is, in the lower band of the extremely high frequency range EHF (Extremely High Frequency), 30–300 GHz.

Method for forming a titanium-germanium contact layer for thermostabilization of transistors

Objective. The objective of the study is to obtain high-quality and reproducible electrophysical parameters of thin-film metal layers, the formation technology of which determines the reliability and quality of microelectronic products – silicon transistors.Methods. A method for forming a two-layer titanium-germanium metallization to create a contact and remove heat from the collector junction of high-power semiconductor transistors on the reverse side of plates with formed structures is proposed. The proposed method ensures the quality of the soldered connection and thermal stabilization of semiconductor devices, increasing the reliability of the studied devices in radio electronic equipment systems.Results. This combination of sprayed metals provides a reliable contact to the collector area when the crystal is placed on the base of the case, which reduces the resistance of the ohmic transition and increases the output of suitable devices.Conclusion. Based on the results of experimental procedures, the optimal thicknesses of metal layers deposited on the reverse side of transistor crystals were obtained during the formation of metallization to fit crystals on the base of the case. The Ti-Ge system stability is studied. The technical result of the research is to improve the quality of planting by obtaining a uniform distribution of the Ti-Ge layer in a single technological cycle at a given temperature with a certain thickness for each metal separately.

Model of an electronic equipment cooling system based on the joint use of high-current thermoelectric semiconductor batteries and a thermal thermosipho

Objective. The objective of the study is to develop a design model of the electronic equipment cooling system based on the combined use of high-current thermoelectric semiconductor batteries of layered design and an evaporative-condensing thermal thermosyphon, as well as to study the thermophysical processes occurring during its operation.Methods. A mathematical model of the electronic equipment cooling system based on the combined use of high-current layered thermoelectric batteries and an evaporative-condensing thermal thermosyphon is presented. The design model includes a description of heat exchange processes in a layered thermoelectric element at various supply currents, determination of the amount of heat transferred through the cross-section of the channel of a thermal thermosyphon per unit of time, and the temperature values at each channel point.Result. A 2D dynamic heat conduction problem is solved for a complex system with rectangular geometry of fragments and heat sources. The temperature distribution of a thermoelement along its longitudinal axis at different values of the supply current and the change in the heat flow along its length in a thermal evaporation-condensation thermosyphon are studied.Conclusion. The results of the research have shown the effectiveness of combined use of high-current layered thermoelectric batteries and a thermal thermosyphon in electronic equipment with dense element packaging. It is shown that to increase the efficiency of electronic equipment and reduce the heat losses that occur in the heat line when the heat-generating element of radio-electronic equipment and thermoelectric semiconductor batteries are separated by a sufficiently large distance (over 0.6 m), it is advisable to use an evaporative-condensing thermal thermosyphon as a heat line.

Electromagnetic safety: from objects passportization to the state of territories analysis

The development of radio electronic means leads to an increase in the intensity of the electromagnetic field, which can have an impact on human health. In this regard, the urgency of the task of assessing safety by the electromagnetic factor increases. The principles of conducting an examination of electromagnetic safety (EMS) of radio-electronic equipment (REE) for various purposes are discussed in accordance with the requirements of current normative documents, as well as the requirements of ISO/IEC 98: 2008 and GOST R 54500-2011. A number of new concepts are considered, which are prescribed to be used to estimate the uncertainty of the initial data and the new data, as well as the final recommendations for the examination. A number of new concepts are considered, which are prescribed to be used to assess the uncertainty of the initial data and the new data obtained. Recommendations for the examination are given. It is noted that for large urban megalopolises, the transition from certification of individual radio-electronic devices to the compilation of maps illustrating the electromagnetic safety of residential areas is relevant. It is noted that for megalopolises, the transition from certification of individual REE to the compilation of maps illustrating the EMS of residential areas is relevant. The expediency of the transition from certification of REEs to mapping of territories by the EMS factor is shown on the example of examination of a large shopping mall in one of the regional centers of Russia.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ДЕСКРИПТИВНЫХ ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИХ ЗАПРОСОВ ПРИ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОМ ДИАГНОСТИРОВАНИИ РАДИОЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ АППАРАТУРЫ

Restoration of the serviceable state of complex technical systems is associated with technical diagnostics, the purpose of which is to determine the locations and causes of the malfunction. Improving the efficiency of diagnostics can be achieved through the use of automated information support tools that provide maintenance personnel with the required diagnostic information based on the generated request. The use of language query tools in systems of this type allows service personnel to formulate query conditions more precisely and specifically, but such tools require the development of additional models for interpreting conditions presented in natural language constructs. The purpose of the work is to develop a formal model that reflects the structure and rules for the formation of language queries in which diagnostic features are determined. The goal is achieved by consistently describing the procedures that determine the lexical, syntactic and semantic rules for analyzing language requests of service personnel to an automated information support system. The given sequence of language analysis procedures provides for the selection in the language requests of the service personnel of a formal set of diagnostic features that are used to form a formal request to an information source of information about faults in electronic equipment. It is shown that the machine parsing of such queries, which are called descriptive diagnostic queries in this work, is expedient to be performed by identifying the correspondence of language constructions to a set of formal rules determined by the grammar of a natural-like language. The studies carried out confirm the possibility and create conditions for the inclusion of inquiry-response means into automated information support systems for technical diagnostics and repair, which ensure the formation of probable places and causes of faults in radio electronic equipment at the request of the service personnel, made in the designs of the natural (Russian) language. The introduction of such a mechanism into automated systems will reduce the number of non-productive losses that are not directly related to diagnostics, which will have a positive effect on the time indicators of the restoration of complex technical complexes.

Design of Temperature-Maintenance Systems for Radioelectronic Equipment

A hierarchical approach to creating thermal models of radioelectronic equipment on spacecraft is outlined. Step-by-step simulation provides the basis for formulating such models.

ASONIKA-TM: modeling of printed circuit board design for thermal and mechanical effects

The ASONIKA-TM software complex, suitable for calculating the thermal and mechanical characteristics of printed circuit boards is considered. The following types of effect are taken into account: harmonic and random vibrations, single and multiple shocks, linear acceleration, acoustic noise, as well as stationary and non-stationary thermal effects. The interface of the program and its functionality possibilities, examples of calculations are considered. Keywords radio engineering device; printed circuit board; radioelectronic equipment; mechanical characteristics; thermal characteristics; mathematical modeling

Technology and methodical apparatus for the synthesis of radio electronic equipment of a ship complex with unmanned aircraft

Technology and methodical apparatus for the synthesis of radio electronic equipment of a ship complex with unmanned aircraft

METHOD FOR CONTROL OF TECHNICAL STATE OF ONBOARD RADIOELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT OF SPACECRAFTS BASED ON INTERACTION OF ELEMENTS OF DISTRIBUTED TECHNICAL DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM

The article deals with the issues of technical diagnostics of on-board radioelectronic equipment of spacecrafts. A mathematical formulation of the problem is carried out in order to minimize the time of technical diagnostics. A method has been developed for monitoring the technical state of onboard radioelectronic equipment based on the interaction of elements of a distributed technical diagnostics system, which includes identification of onboard radioelectronic equipment and training a neural network, searching for the location and causes of a malfunction using a mathematical model and making decisions by controlling the onboard radioelectronic equipment of spacecrafts. When searching for the location and causes of a malfunction, an interesting approach is based on a neural network classification of malfunctions. Practical recommendations for technical diagnostics of onboard radioelectronic equipment of spacecrafts are presented, in particular, a scheme for constructing a promising onboard distributed system of technical diagnostics when interacting with onboard systems of a typical spacecraft.

ASONIKA-V: mechanical influence simulation of electronic structures installed on vibration isolators

The ASONIKA-V software package, intended for the mechanical characteristics analysis of the cabinets, racks and blocks of radio-electronic equipment installed on vibration isolators is consi dered. Account of harmonic vibration, random vibration, shock loads, linear acceleration, acoustic noise is provided. The issues of identification, parametric and structural optimization are considered. Keywords radio engineering device; mechanical characteristics; identification; math modeling; vibration isolator; optimization

Виды защитных покрытий радиоэлектронной аппаратуры от внешних воздействующих факторов

Виды защитных покрытий радиоэлектронной аппаратуры от внешних воздействующих факторов

Hierarchical pyramidal subsampling in deep convolutional networks for visual pattern recognition

The main problem of known deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) is that they require a fixed-size input image. This requirement is “artificial” and can reduce recognition accuracy for images or its parts of arbitrary size/scale. The paper proposes a strategy of combining “hierarchical pyramidal subselection” to eliminate the above restriction. The structure of the neural network using the proposed combining strategy allows the generation of prediction regardless of the size/scale of the original image, and also improves the accuracy of recognition. Features of application of CNN for identification and recognition of defects of conducting pattern of printed circuit board blanks have been considered. Features of defects of conductive pattern of printed circuit board blanks have been briefly discussed. The invention proposes the use of artificial CNN, which have advantages in speed and accuracy in solving problems of object recognition on images relative to existing methods. The focus is on the architecture of CNN using hierarchical pyramidal subselection. Capabilities of application of CNN for recognition of defects of conducting pattern of printed circuit board blanks have been shown. Proposed method of hierarchical pyramidal subselection in deep convolutional networks has been implemented in software complex, which allows processing digital data of photographs of conducting pattern of printed circuit boards, in particular during their flaw detection, and can be used for localization of existing defects of conducting pattern. The conclusion draws the possibilities of using methods and means of image processing in flaw detection of radio-electronic equipment and instruments

The Integrated Statistical Control Method of Technical Condition of Radio-Electronic Equipment for Prototyping of Robotic Systems

In the article, the approach of integrated statistical control and diagnostics of the radio-electronic equipment, which is based on the analysis, integration of the measuring information arriving from the thermal imager, magnetic field sensors, tension and humidity of air and also statistical control of equipment parameters, is presented. The solution of a control and diagnostics problem is based on monitoring of changes in the average level of a multi-parameter process. Here, Hotelling control charts, integration and processing of the measured information are used to provide the analysis and decision-making on the influence of the operator. The algorithm implements a technique of integrated statistical control of the technical condition of the radio-electronic equipment and is capable to determine the level of its precritical condition. The proposed technique increases the reliability of the identification of technical conditions of radio-electronic equipment and expands the scope of technical means of control and diagnostics.

Электронная компонентная база космического назначения

The electrical, electronic and electromechanical parts (EEE parts) used in spacecraft onboard equipment must fully provide the target technical characteristics of radio-electronic equipment in terms of functional and electrical characteristics, as well as resistance to external factors and reliability indicators. The authors of the article analyze the current situation with the EEE parts and consider the prospects for the development and creation of the necessary electronics products. Currently, the results of the work are confirmed by the active use of the created space components in space technology.

Theoretical foundations of design optimization ship's control, decision-making systems and information processing

Problem setting. The problems of optimizing the protection parameters of REA structures operating under complex mechanical influences, their diagnostics of quality, reliability and strength, as well as structural and parametric synthesis in the last decade are devoted to the work [1 9]. However, these works do not consider the issues of optimisation of vibration prote ction parameters and strength of structures on the basis of determination of functional dependencies of forces against deformation and damping against deformation rate for vibration insulation systems and structural elements included in the instrument. The main results given in these works relate to the determination, at best, of resonant frequencies, which is insufficient to optimize vibration protection parameters and diagnose the reliability of devices. The aim. Develop a methodological basis for the use of quality and durability control and diagnostics methods to improve the reliability of the operation of ship information and control systems in extreme operating conditions by optimizing their vibration protection. Results. The basics of modeling the designs of radio-electronic equipment devices for various mechanical influencing factors are described. Description of models and mathematical peculiarities of organization of initial data for modeling is given. When comparing design stresses and allowable stresses, the strength of the product is determined. Allowable stresses are obtained using endurance curves for each material of the device design. Simulation of the panel instrument design under vibration impact is considered and processing of its results is presented. When creating a typical product operation model, the main operating modes and levels of external influencing factors and loads of each mode are determined. The example of the console instrument shows the procedure for modeling strength and determining the value of failure-free operation. It has been found that for a given console device the most complex effect is vibration, since it creates a multi-cycle loading of the structure, which affects the strength of the product as a whole. Practical significance. The proposed approach to determination of structural strength makes it possible to find the number of loading cycles under vibration impact for each element and time operating time, as well as the calculated value of failure-free operation of the console device. This simulation can be performed at any stage of the instrument design.