Quality Of Public Transport Research Articles

Perceptions of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) at Australian Railway Stations

Personal safety and security are essential criteria for measuring the quality of public transport, and research has consistently demonstrated that crime and fear of crime affect levels of patronage. Although authorities throughout the world are implementing Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED), research and practice commonly focus on the elements of surveillance, territoriality, and controlling access. Few studies have investigated the CPTED concepts of “image management” or “geographical juxtaposition” (the surrounding environment). This research compares and contrasts the perceptions of rail users and security experts in relation to two railway stations in Perth, Western Australia. One station was designed in accordance with CPTED principles, and one was not. Interestingly, the findings indicate that the rail users perceived the station that was not designed using CPTED to be marginally safer and to exhibit slightly higher levels of CPTED qualities. This exploratory investigation suggests that the effectiveness of CPTED is mediated by the local environment surrounding each station and its associated image.

STRATEGI PENINGKATAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK ANTARMODA TRANSPORTASI DENGAN KONSEP GOOD GOVERNANCE DALAM MENDUKUNG PROGRAM TOL LAUT

The concept of improving public services formulates problems from the quality of public services in supporting the Sea Toll, Factors that become obstacles and support the improvement of service quality, relevant strategies, which aim to Know the quality of public services in supporting the Sea Toll program, know the factors that are obstacles and supporters, as well as support government programs and formulate relevant strategies in improving the quality of services public intermodal transportation. Such a change in the attitude of the community can be seen by the large number of permit applications made by the community to do business or create new business opportunities, especially in terms of transportation. People's hopes to improve their welfare by opening business opportunities to sell indutsri products from 3tp areas (underdeveloped, remote, outermost, and border) are currently very large in the era of the global economic crisis with the rampant termination of employment carried out by large companies in the era of Covid-19. The population in this study is industry players in remote, outermost, underdeveloped, (3TP) regions, which are used using a qualitative approach where data collection techniques use observation techniques, literature studies and interviews ( interviews). The data analysis used is to use a form of qualitative descriptive method. The results of the observations obtained are the ability to implement public services in carrying out and serving to provide services to help the community as promised precisely and reliably and the reliability of employees in providing services is very helpful to the community in providing the services promised, accurate and in accordance with expectations.

How can smart mobility bridge the first/last mile gap? Empirical evidence on public attitudes from Australia

Under the umbrella concept of smart mobility, new transport innovations such as peer-to-peer transport, shared autonomous vehicles, and mobility-as-a-service have been identified for their potential to improve accessibility and bridge the first/last-mile gap between origin, destination, and good quality public transport. Any future mobility plan, nevertheless, will need to appeal to a population reluctant to break habits. This study explores quantitative data collected from major Australian cities to provide a geographic context between attitudes towards smart mobility with a particular focus on eight attitudinal factors—i.e., technology, public transport, sharing, multimodality, peer-to-peer transport, smart phones and apps, environmental consciousness, and reducing private vehicle use. The quantitative analysis disclosed that regardless of location, overcoming private vehicle use, user aversion to multimodality, and reluctance to share rides with strangers' presence significant barriers to some smart mobility options. Furthermore, respondents in inner ring areas of cities have more positive views towards public transport, the environment, and smart phones, while the middle/outer ring residents on the contrary have more positive views towards private vehicles. The study findings offer policy insights and potential opportunities and challenges associated with the implementation of smart mobility in urban areas.

A Study on the Interdependence of Quality and Satisfaction with Public Transport in Rijeka

The paper aims to determine the interdependence between quality ratings and the level of satisfaction of Rijeka’s inhabitants with the city’s public urban transport system. The purpose of the study is to identify the effects that the individual elements of citizens’ satisfaction with public urban transport services have on public urban transport quality ratings. To accomplish the study’s objective and purpose, and to prove the main hypothesis that there is a statistically strong and positive relationship between quality ratings and satisfaction with public urban transport, numerous scientific methods have been applied, in particular the survey method, the method of analysis and synthesis, and the methods of descriptive and inferential statistics. The study’s main finding points to the low quality of Rijeka’s public urban transport system and to the low level of satisfaction of citizens with the system. A statistically strong and positive relationship was found between quality ratings and the satisfaction of citizens with public urban transport services. Citizens are the least satisfied with the frequency of public transport intensity and the availability of urban transport in evening.

Analysis of passenger service satisfaction of public transport in Tangerang City

With the presence of public transport “Si Benteng,” we hope that it could fulfill the needs of public transport in Tangerang City, and also decrease the traffic in the city. The purpose of this research is to know the quality of public transport “Si Benteng” in Tangerang City and an effort to increase the quality and passenger satisfaction of public transport “Si Benteng”. The respondent of this research is the people of Tangerang City with an average age of 17 to 60 years old with a total of 215 respondents by conducting a direct survey, by distributing questionnaires to public transport users of “Si Benteng”. The method of this research is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). From the results obtained, the most dominant public transport user of “Si Benteng” is women with an average age of 17-35 years old and 35-55 years old of the users has at least finished high school, and their occupation of them mostly consist of a general employee with an income and outcome of > Rp 3.000.000,- a month. At the same time, the direct influence of service quality on passenger satisfaction is 0.867, and passenger satisfaction on passenger loyalty is 1.283. It can be concluded that passenger satisfaction has the greatest influence on passenger loyalty. The quality of service that needs to be improved is that passengers do not have to wait long for the arrival of “Si Benteng” public transportation, Availability of shelter facilities, and the distance to the shelter is too far. The conclusion of this research is the result of the hypothesis that service quality has a positive and significant to passenger satisfaction and passenger satisfaction has a positive and significant to passenger loyalty

Perceived Accessibility and Key Influencing Factors in Transportation

Accessibility is commonly assessed using indicators calculated from spatial data. Comparatively perceived accessibility cannot be adequately reflected by these calculated measures because it involves the perception to participate in spatially dispersed opportunities. This highlights the need to understand and consider perceived accessibility for planning and evaluation of transport systems from a complementary perspective. Therefore, this study aims to offer a systematic review concerning the interpretations of perceived accessibility in transport, its concept, major social drivers, barriers, evaluation methods and key influencing factors. This review also highlights the importance of perceived safety and service quality in public transport and their relationship with perceived accessibility in daily travel. The paper argues that perceived accessibility with due consideration of perceived safety and service quality will contribute to the development from mobility-based to accessibility-based planning.

Evaluating Sustainable Transport Indicators for Metropolitan Areas in Developing Countries: The Case of Greater Jakarta

Background: Sustainable transport is fundamental to progress in realising the agenda of sustainable development, as a quarter of energy-related global greenhouse gas emissions come from the transport sector. In developing countries, metropolitan areas have adopted the agenda to better serve the urban population with safe, affordable, and environmentally-friendly transport systems. However, this drive must include relevant indicators and how their operationalisation can deal with institutional barriers, such as challenges to cross-sectoral coordination. Objective: This study aims to explore context-specific indicators for developing countries, focusing on the case of the Jakarta metropolitan area. Methods: Expert judgement was used to assess the selection criteria. The participants were experts from government institutions, non-government organisations, and universities. Results: The findings show that safety, public transport quality, transport cost, air pollution, and accessibility are contextual indicators for application in developing countries. Similarities are shown with the research results from other indexes/sets of indicators for developing countries, for example, the Sustainable Urban Transport Index (SUTI) of UN ESCAP. However, some of these indicators leave room for improvement, such as the balance between strategic and operational levels of application. Conclusion: Therefore, this research suggests that global sets of indicators should be adjusted before being implemented in particular developing country contexts.

Transportation-geographical analysis of the public transportation system: a case study of the Sesvete District and the municipalities of Gornja Stubica and Marija Bistrica

Public transportation is a fundamental societal service that directly affects spatial development. In order to ensure a high level of functionality and sustainability of the public transport system, as well as even spatial development, a good planning framework for its development is a necessity. This paper analyses the distribution and functional characteristics of the public transportation system in the northeastern part of the Zagreb Urban Agglomeration: the Sesvete district and the neighbouring municipalities of Gornja Stubica and Marija Bistrica in Krapina-Zagorje County. The goal of this paper has two parts: to analyse the public bus and train transportation systems in the study area, using relevant traffic, demographic, and functional data; and to create a typology of public transport quality of the settlements of the research area. Based on the results of the analysis, potential measures to aid the development of public transport in the study area, as well as their potential impact for the entire area of Zagreb, have been detailed in the discussion section. The results of the analysis indicate that public transport is more available and of better quality in the southern part of the study area and in Sesvete and the smaller settlements surrounding it, but it is less frequent and less available throughout the majority of settlements in Gornja Stubica and Marija Bistrica.

Pengujian Penerapan Layanan Sistem Informasi Pada Dinas Perhubungan Menerapkan Metode DeLone and McLean

The Motor Vehicle Testing Information System (SIMPKB) is an Information System (SI) for the implementation of periodic vehicle tests that are used to improve the quality of public transportation. The Brebes Regency Transportation Service has a vehicle periodical testing unit for the Pekalongan residency area. The implementation of the test focuses on providing services to the community by periodically testing the feasibility of motorized vehicles. The problem that occurs is that there are still obstacles in the use of the system and the lack of a document for evaluating the performance of system services whether the system is suitable for use from the organization and user perspective. This study aims to determine the extent to which the success rate of implementing SIMPKB services. This research method uses quantitative methods using the DeLone and McLean model of measurement. Data collection method by analyzing questionnaires from respondents using SmartPLS. The results of this study user satisfaction has a value of 0.765, it can be said that it is influenced by the construct of system quality, service quality and information quality by 76.5%. Meanwhile, having an value of 0.745, it can be interpreted that the validity of the construct of Use (P) can be said to be influenced by the construct of system quality, service quality and information quality is 74.5%. From the 7 hypotheses, only system quality and service quality greatly affect user satisfaction and the use of the Motor Vehicle Testing Information System (SIMPKB) at the Brebes Regency Transportation Service

KEPUASAN PENGGUNA HALTE TRANSIT TRANSJAKARTA DENGAN PENDEKATAN HETEROGENEOUS CUSTOMER SATISFACTION INDEX (HCSI)

One factor that marks the quality of public transport is the integration of services between or inter modes, especially through interchange shelters. Koridor 1 Trans Jakarta (TJ) is an important corridor because it has an interchange shelter, which serves and relates most with other TJ routes. However, no studies have examined the user satisfaction level in interchange shelters. This Survey was conducted from Koridor 1 TJ interchange shelter passengers (N=252): Bendungan Hilir, Dukuh Atas, Harmoni, Monas, and Kota, by Heterogeneous Customer Satisfaction Index (HCSI). The results showed the level of customer satisfaction of Koridor 1 Trans Jakarta (TJ) can be categorized as good. There are four attributes of the services that have the highest satisfaction level: Ticket prices, Special female passenger area, Ease of buying tickets, and Interchange information. Otherwise, other attributes have the lowest satisfaction levels: Mix traffic, Length of travel, Waiting time at the bus stop, Standing position comfort on the bus, Noise on the bus, as well Queue line, and disembark direction on shelter.

Evaluation of Pavement Roughness by the International Roughness Index for Sustainable Pavement Construction in New Taipei City

Good road quality is an indicator of urban progress. In August 1998, the New Taipei City government implemented the “Road Leveling Project” on roads within its jurisdiction to improve the quality of public transportation. This paper aimed to analyze the International Roughness Index (IRI) of 152 asphalt concrete pavement sections in New Taipei City before and after road leveling. An intelligent pavement inspection vehicle that met the requirements of E 950 Class I was used to detect the IRI values of the road sections before and after maintenance. The statistical analysis showed that the implementation of the Road Leveling Project had a significant effect on improving the road roughness of roads under its jurisdiction. Moreover, it became possible to arrange a budget for roads with IRI values above a threshold or to estimate the budget needed to improve roads with an IRI higher than a certain value.

Managing customer satisfaction with Metropolitan Public Transport Services based on perceived quality assessments

The purpose of this research is to study consumer satisfaction with the perceived quality of ground public transport (GPT) services in the Moscow metropolitan area. The methodology used includes identification of the quality attributes of GPT services relevant to consumers which affect consumer satisfaction, the choice of alternative transport modes, and the competitiveness of GPT services. Study reliability is ensured by a representative sample which included the results of an online survey of 1517 respondents, cluster analysis and the employment of the CHAID decision tree method. The authors formulated and confirmed 4 hypotheses. Thirty-two attributes influencing consumer satisfaction with GPT services were obtained; clusters with different degrees of satisfaction were identified; and attributes of perceived quality that are important for consumers when choosing transportation modes were revealed. Recommendations for marketing and management solutions to improve the competitiveness of urban GPT services in relation to substitutes in order to increase the mobility of the population and reduce the environmental pollution of the metropolis were proposed.

The Control of Metabolic CO2 in Public Transport as a Strategy to Reduce the Transmission of Respiratory Infectious Diseases.

The global acceptance of the SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission led to prevention measures based on quality control and air renewal. Among them, carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement has positioned itself as a cost-efficiency, reliable, and straightforward method to assess indoor air renewal indirectly. Through the control of CO2, it is possible to implement and validate the effectiveness of prevention measures to reduce the risk of contagion of respiratory diseases by aerosols. Thanks to the method scalability, CO2 measurement has become the gold standard for diagnosing air quality in shared spaces. Even though collective transport is considered one of the environments with the highest rate of COVID-19 propagation, little research has been done where the air inside vehicles is analyzed. This work explores the generation and accumulation of metabolic CO2 in a tramway (Zaragoza, Spain) operation. Importantly, we propose to use the indicator ppm/person as a basis for comparing environments under different conditions. Our study concludes with an experimental evaluation of the benefit of modifying some parameters of the Heating–Ventilation–Air conditioning (HVAC) system. The study of the particle retention efficiency of the implemented filters shows a poor air cleaning performance that, at present, can be counteracted by opening windows. Seeking a post-pandemic scenario, it will be crucial to seek strategies to improve air quality in public transport to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases.

Intelligent Bus Scheduling Control Based on On-Board Bus Controller and Simulated Annealing Genetic Algorithm

The stable and fast service of a bus network is one of the important indicators of the service quality and management level of urban public transport. With the continuous expansion of cities, the bus network complexity has been increasing accordingly. The application of new technologies such as self-driving buses has made the bus network more complex and its vulnerability more obvious. Therefore, how to collect information on passenger flow, traffic flow, and transport distribution using intelligent means, and how to establish an effective intelligent bus scheduling control method have been important questions surrounding the improvement of the level of urban bus operation. To address this challenge, this paper proposes the design method of a bus controller based on data collection and the edge computing requirements of autonomous driving buses; and installs them widely on buses. In addition, an intelligent bus control scheduling method based on the simulated annealing genetic algorithm was developed according to the current scheduling requirements. The proposed method combines the strong local search ability of the simulated annealing algorithm, which prevents the search process from falling into a local optimum, and the strong search ability of the genetic algorithm in the overall search process, leading an intelligent bus control scheduling method based on the simulated annealing genetic algorithm. The proposed method was verified by experiments on the optimal scheduling of multi-destination public transport as an example, we verified the research method, and finally, simulated it using historical data. There is good model prediction of the experimental results. Therefore, the intelligent traffic control can be realized through efficient bus scheduling, thus improving the robustness of the bus network operation.

A Bus-Scheduling Method Based on Multi-Sensor Data Fusion and Payment Authenticity Verification

It is of great significance to ensure public transportation management capabilities by improving urban public transport services. One method is to solve the problems related to the quality of data submitted for public funding as well as the accuracy and transparency of the supervision and review processes; moreover, improving public-transportation-service systems is a viable method to solve such problems. With technological advancements and the application of new technologies such as automatic driving and multiple payment, it has gradually become difficult for user-data verification systems, based on the original single bus payment method, to cater to these new technologies. Diversified payment and complex management methods have highlighted the need for new verification methods. Firstly, in this paper, we constructed the Origin–Destination (OD) model of bus-passenger flows by using real-time transmission of passenger-multiple-payment data, on-board-video passenger flow detection data and vehicle real-time positioning data. On this basis, the bus waybill data of other intelligent bus systems and the wait data of bus stations were integrated, so as to establish the travel chain theory by matching passenger flow and the temporal and spatial distribution model. Then, an OD analysis of public-transport passenger flows could be carried out, with a detailed analysis of vehicle, station and line-passenger flow, and the travel characteristics of public transport passenger flow could be excavated. Then, according to the means-end chain theory, the spatiotemporal distribution of the passenger flow data was obtained to carry out an OD analysis of the passenger flow, so as to perform a refinement analysis of the vehicle, station, and passenger flow. Thereby, the characteristics of the passenger flow were explored. Subsequently, payment-authenticity-verification models were established for the data-validity assessment, video-data analysis, passenger-flow estimation, and early warnings in order to determine the authenticity of the payment data. Lastly, based on the multi-sensor passenger flow data fusion and the data authenticity verification models, combined with the application of new technologies such as the use of autonomous buses, the test was promoted. That is, by taking intelligent bus scheduling as the scenario, the research method was tested and verified with real-time passenger flow data according to historical data. The results showed that the method accurately predicted the passenger flow, and had a positive role in improving the efficiency of payment-data-authenticity verification. The application of the method can enhance the management and service quality of public transportation.

Global Warming Potential from Public Transportation Activities During COVID-19 Pandemic in Jakarta, Indonesia

During a pandemic, social distancing will affect the occupancy rate of public transportation in DKI Jakarta. The number of usually total passengers is partially occupied. Of course, this can change the carbon footprint generated for each person. For this reason, this research was conducted to determine the carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions released during the COVID-19 pandemic. A direct survey has been conducted to determine the occupancy rate of mass rapid transit (MRT) vehicles and Trans Jakarta buses. Online vehicles such as cars and motorbikes were based on government policy. The results show that the MRT occupancy rate was 63±32 passengers, and for Trans Jakarta, it was 21±9 passengers. The carbon footprint from transportation that produces the most negligible CO2 emissions was MRT. The comparison obtained between the MRT and Trans Jakarta Bus's emission values were 0.026 and 0.091 kg CO2 eq/passenger. As for the online taxi transportation mode with four people, it produced the highest CO2 emissions. Therefore, the government needs have planned MRT to improve the quality of public transportation and capacity, especially in the main corridors of DKI Jakarta.

A review of bus arrival time prediction using artificial intelligence

AbstractBuses are one of the important parts of public transport system. To provide accurate information about bus arrival and departure times at bus stops is one of the main parameters of good quality public transport. Accurate arrival and departure times information is important for a public transport mode since it enhances ridership as well as satisfaction of travelers. With accurate arrival‐time and departure time information, travelers can make informed decisions about their journey. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) based methods/algorithms to predict the bus arrival time (BAT) is reviewed in detail. Systematic survey of existing research conducted by various researchers by applying the different branches of AI has been done. Prediction models have been segregated and are accumulated under respective branches of AI. Thorough discussion is presented to elaborate different branches of AI that have been applied for several aspects of BAT prediction. Research gaps and possible future directions for further research work are summarized.This article is categorized under: Application Areas > Science and Technology Technologies > Artificial Intelligence Technologies > Prediction

Reliable e-nose for air toxicity monitoring by filter diagonalization method

This paper introduces a compact, affordable electronic nose (e-nose) device devoted to detect the presence of toxic compounds that could affect human health, such as carbon monoxide, combustible gas, hydrogen, methane, and smoke, among others. Such artificial olfaction device consists of an array of six metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors and a computer-based information system for signal acquisition, processing, and visualization. This study further proposes the use of the filter diagonalization method (FDM) to extract the spectral contents of the signals obtained from the sensors. Preliminary results show that the prototype is functional and that the FDM approach is suitable for a later classification stage. Example deployment scenarios of the proposed e-nose include indoor facilities (buildings and warehouses), compromised air quality places (mines and sanitary landfills), public transportation, mobile robots, and wireless sensor networks.

Its Applied in Bus Rapid Transit

The BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) is a public transport system of low implementation cost and allowing to offer a quality service, although the BRT should not be seen only as an isolated mobility solution for the areas it serves, butas an inductor axis of urban development capable of contributing to the consolidation of a more fair and balanced city in social and environmental terms. To make one quality of services, BRT needs an efficient automation system, this system called ITS (Intelligent Transportation System), that enables control over the operation and maintenance of the BRT in order to prioritize service and thus bring greater quality in public transport for the population. However, due to system complexity it is necessary to implement a system that can be scalable and receive new features not only connected to the BRT as other systems that need to exchange information. This paper presents architecture to meet the requirements and needs of BRT in Brazil.

Public Transport COVID-19-Safe: New Barriers and Policies to Implement Effective Countermeasures under User’s Safety Perspective

The COVID-19 emergency forced cities worldwide to adopt measures to restrict travel and implement new urban public transport solutions. The discontinuity and reduction of services made users recognize public transport systems as contamination vectors, and the decrease in the number of passengers can already be seen in several places. Thus, this study assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on urban public transport. We used hybrid choice models (HCMs) to identify the new barriers and potential solutions to increase users’ perception of safety, considering preexistent perceptions of public transportation quality. We used data from an online survey with users of public transportation in a metropolitan area in southern Brazil. We identified that the main barriers to using public transport during virus transmission are related to the system characteristics that force constant interaction with other passengers. Crowded vehicles and crowded stops/stations were considered the most detrimental factor in feeling safe while riding in the COVID-19 outbreak. Countermeasures that reduce the contact with other passengers—directly (limit the number of passengers in vehicles) or indirectly (operate with large vehicles)—and increase offers are possible solutions to make users feel safe while riding. The results of this research might help reduce passenger evasion and migration to more unsustainable transport modes.