Quality Of Organic Fertilizer Research Articles

A case study of circular economy from waste

This case study focused on zero emission via waste sludge treatment process from a brewery wastewater treatment plant. A perspective solution was based on three main processes by sludge digestion (40 m3/day), biogas recovery and purification for generation (20 kWh) and organic fertilizer production for green agriculture. The system is designed to integrated processes and operated autocompletively, except for the fertilization of crops. This work results showed that organic content decreased 55 - 70% after 20 days of sludge retention time (SRT) with 55 - 65% methane (CH4) yield. The contaminants in biogas was purified by high gravity rotating packed bed (HGRPB) device using aqueous solution (NaOH 0.01 M) and removal efficiency of CH4 concentration is 87%, this CH4 content met a demand of the standard for generator engines or boiler combustion. The digested sludge was combined with other by-products to produce organic fertilizer for green agricultural development, the quality of organic fertilizer was examined and met the regulations of Decree No. 84/2019/ND-CP of the Government: Regulations on fertilizer management. The achievements of this case study respond the harmonious combination among waste treatment, energy recovery and organic fertilizer production to contribute to the direction of the circular economy aspect and sustainable development.

Physical and Chemical Quality of Cow Feces Organic Fertilizer Produced by the Addition of Different Starters

The study aims to know the effect of different starters on the quality production of organic fertilizer. Three kinds of starters, EM-4 (P1), BM-4 (P2), and Petroganic (P3), were used in this study. The quality of organic fertilizer with a starter for the 28th day of composting was evaluated by physical and chemical parameters in triplicates. Based on the results, we showed the physical parameters of treatment compost P1, P2, and P3 are blackish brown, didn’t smell of stool, and are crumbly textured. The chemical parameters showed the content of C-organic from the treatments was 42.51%, 39.19%, and 35.74%, respectively, at the end of the composting process, while total nitrogen content was 4.71%, 9.47%, and 5.77%. The C/N ratio of each treatment, P1, P2, and P3, was 9.02, 4.17, and 6.20, while the total phosphor content was 0.092%, 0.15%, and 0.13%, respectively. Next, the total potassium content was 0.69%, 0.79%, and 0.77%, respectively, at the end of the composting process. The addition of different types of starters did not affect physical and chemical quality. In conclusion, EM-4, BM-4, and Petroganik can be used as alternative starters in producing organic fertilizer.

Utilization of Local Microorganisms as Bioactivators to Produce Organic Fertilizers and Analysis of Molecular Bacterial Diversity.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Local micro organism (LMO) is the result of the fermentation of various mixtures of organic matter. One of the organic materials used, based on the local wisdom of West Sumatra, is tapai (fermented Cassava), which is used as a bio activator in the manufacture of organic fertilizer. The research aims to produce organic fertilizers that meet national quality standards in terms of the physical and chemical quality of fertilizers as well as to determine the diversity of bacteria in bio activators through next-generation sequencing analysis. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The organic ingredients for bio activators, cow feces as basic fertilizer ingredients, materials for analyzing bacterial diversity, LMO gDNA was extracted using ZymoBIOMICS DNA Miniprep Kit DNA and sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technology. <b>Results:</b> On a scale of 1-3, the physical quality of organic fertilizers had an average value of 2.58 for smell, 2.83 for texture and 2.58 for color. The chemical quality of organic fertilizers is C-organic (23.56%), nitrogen (1.60%), carbon and nitrogen ratio (14.75%), phosphate (0.47%) and potassium (0.64%). The results of the analysis of bacteria on the bioactivator consisted of 7 phyla, 9 families, 45 genres and 297 species. The most common species is <i>Lentilactobacillus hilgardii</i> (62%). <b>Conclusion:</b> The organic fertilizer produced using the mole tapai bio activator complies with Indonesian national standard 19-7030-2004 based on physical and chemical parameters. The type of bacteria that dominates the bioactivator is the lactic acid bacteria group, which reaches 90%.

Optimization of the composting process of sugarcane filter-pressed mud in the Santa Rosalia sugar mill, Tabasco, Mexico

Objective: To optimize the composting process of sugarcane filter-pressed mud, straw, and ash as an alternative to reduce the environmental contamination of sugarcane cultivation in the Santa Rosalía sugar mill (Ingenio Santa Rosalía) of Chontalpa, Tabasco, Mexico.Design/Methodology/Approach: A completely randomized experimental design in a factorial arrangement was used, with compost mixtures and the aeration times as study factors. Ten treatments were generated with six repetitions each. The study variables were pH, organic matter (%), and nitrate (NO 3 - ) and ammonium (NH 4 + ) content.Results: The compost mixture factor had significant effects on compost quality parameters. Aeration times did not affect the quality of the different compost mixtures. Chemical characteristics of pH and organic matter did not present differences between the treatments. Study Limitations/Implications: The use of industrial sugarcane residues generates quality organic fertilizers through the composting process; therefore, it is necessary to test more residues, such as molasses and vinasses.Findings/Conclusions: The 100% sugarcane filter-pressed mud and the 100% sugarcane filter-pressed mud + 0.5% N treatments presented the highest amount of NO 3 - and NH 4 + and were therefore considered the best treatments. All treatments were classified as mature composts, rich in organic matter, with alkaline pH, and made ofsteady materials.

How Organic Fertilizers can be used as a Plant Nutrient Source in Hydroponics: A Review

Sustainable crop production can be achieved by integrating the concept of modern agriculture with hydroponics for plant production and organic agriculture with the use of organic fertilizer as an alternative to the chemicalbased nutrient solution. Organic fertilizers contain a significant amount of essential nutrients needed by the plant for growth and development. Various approaches have been studied to test the viability of organic fertilizer as a nutrient source in hydroponics, such as replacing inorganic substrates with organic substrates, partial replacement, and full replacement of chemical-based nutrient solutions with organic fertilizers. Full replacement of nutrient solutions with organic fertilizers is deemed to be the most sustainable approach. However, unlike nutrient solution, which has an established optimum operation parameter, organic fertilizer as a nutrient solution in hydroponics faces several challenges, such as variability of the quality of organic fertilizers, nutrient management and optimization of the operating parameters. This review provides a general overview of the various approaches to utilize organic fertilizer as a plant nutrient source in hydroponics. In addition, this review provides a synthesis of hydroponics and its applicability to sustainable production, nutrient content of commonly used organic fertilizers and chemical-based nutrient solutions, a comparison of the plant growth and quality using organic fertilizer and chemical-based nutrient solutions and important operating parameters on utilizing organic fertilizers in hydroponics.

Trichoderma sp. Breeding from Bamboo Stems (Schizostachyum brachycladum) and Its Application as an Inoculant for Organic Fertilizer Fermenters According to SNI 7763:2018

This research is an applied study involving the Al Falah farmer group in West Sumatra, Indonesia and was intended to develop a quality organic fertilizer processing technology based on SNI-7763:2018. A Trichoderma sp. culture was bred using bamboo stems (Schizostachyum brachycladum) on a bran medium in an incubator at 39 °C and 75% RH. Cow feces was air-dried for reduced water content from 82% to 60%, mixed with poultry feces (at a ratio of 60:40), and added with 0.3% Trichoderma sp. culture. The mixture was then stacked at a thickness of 70 cm for 7 days. The fermentation results showed an average fermentation temperature of 58 °C and changes in the pH of cow feces and poultry feces from 8.8 to 7.2 and from 3.6 to 6.8, respectively. The following data were also obtained: macronutrient content N = 2.82%, P = 2.78%, and K = 3.21%; organic matter content = 82.89%; C-organic content = 21.20%; C/N ratio = 7.52; and by-products = 1.02%. Based on the results of this research, the organic fertilizer produced complies with SNI-7763:2018.

Co-composting of cattle manure with biochar and elemental sulphur and its effects on manure quality, plant biomass and microbiological characteristics of post-harvest soil.

Improvement of manure by co-composting with other materials is beneficial to the quality of the amended soil. Therefore, the manure was supplied with either biochar, elemental sulphur or both prior to fermentation in 50 L barrels for a period of eight weeks. The manure products were subsequently analyzed and used as fertilizers in a short-term pot experiment with barley fodder (Hordeum vulgare L.). The experiment was carried out under controlled conditions in a growth chamber for 12 weeks. The sulphur-enriched manure showed the lowest manure pH and highest ammonium content. The co-fermentation of biochar and sulphur led to the highest sulphur content and an abundance of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in manure. The biochar+sulphur-enriched manure led to the highest dry aboveground plant biomass in the amended soil, whose value was 98% higher compared to the unamended control, 38% higher compared to the variant with biochar-enriched manure and 23% higher compared to the manure-amended variant. Amendment of the sulphur-enriched manure types led to the highest enzyme activities and soil respirations (basal, substrate-induced). This innovative approach to improve the quality of organic fertilizers utilizes treated agricultural waste (biochar) and a biotechnological residual product (elementary sulphur from biogas desulphurization) and hence contributes to the circular economy.

Inoculating indoleacetic acid bacteria promotes the enrichment of halotolerant bacteria during secondary fermentation of composting

The secondary fermentation stage is critical for stabilizing composting products and producing various secondary metabolites. However, the low metabolic rate of mesophilic bacteria is regarded as the rate-limiting stage in composting process. In present study, two indoleacetic acid (IAA)-producing bacteria (Bacillus safensis 33C and Corynebacterium stationis subsp. safensis 29B) were inoculated to strengthen the secondary fermentation stage to improve the plant-growth promoting potential of composting products. The results showed that the addition of IAA-producing bacteria promoted the assimilation of soluble salt, the condensation and aromatization of humus, and the accumulation of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The bioaugmentation strategy also enabled faster microbial community succession during the medium-late phase of secondary fermentation. However, the colonization of Bacillus and Corynebacterium could not explain the disproportionate increase of IAA yield, which reached up to 5.6 times compared to the control group. Deeper analysis combined with physicochemical properties and microbial community structure suggested that IAA-producing bacteria might induce the increase of salinity, which enriched halotolerant bacteria capable of producing IAA, such as Halomonas, Brachybacterium and Flavobacterium. In addition, the results also proved that it was necessary to shorten secondary fermentation time to avoid IAA degradation without affecting composting maturity. In summary, enhancing secondary fermentation of composting via adding proper IAA-producing bacteria is an efficient strategy for upgrading the quality of organic fertilizer.

Succession of the Bacterial Communities and Functional Characteristics in Sheep Manure Composting.

Simple SummaryThe conversion of livestock manure into organic fertilizer through composting is an effective way to harmlessly and resourcefully utilize manure. The bacterial communities change rapidly during the composting process, and there is a synergistic effect of various bacteria, which realizes the dynamic fermentation of composting. However, the succession of bacterial communities and its relationship with the physicochemical properties of the material during sheep manure composting remain unclear. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the succession and to explore the metabolic functions of bacterial communities during sheep manure composting. The results will help to further improve the sheep manure composting process, improve the quality of compost products, and promote fertilizer utilization of sheep manure.Bacterial community is a key factor affecting aerobic composting, and understanding bacterial community succession is important to revealing the mechanism of organic matter degradation. In this study, the succession and metabolic characteristics of bacterial communities were explored in 45 days composting of sheep manure and wheat straw by using high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics tools, respectively. Results showed that the alpha diversity of bacterial community significantly decreased in the thermophilic (T2) phase and then recovered gradually in the bio-oxidative (T3) and the maturation (T4) phases. Bacterial communities varied at different stages, but there were 158 genera in common bacterial species. Unclassified_f_Bacillaceae, Oceanobacillus, Bacillus, Pseudogracilibacillus, and Nocardiopsis were identified as keystone bacterial genera. Eleven genera were significantly correlated (p < 0.05), or even extremely significantly correlated (p < 0.001), with the physicochemical factors. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that changes of bacterial community diversity correlated with physicochemical factors. The highest relative abundances were amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism among the metabolic groups in the compost. These results will provide theoretical support for further optimizing sheep manure composting conditions and improving the quality of organic fertilizers.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK ECO FARMING dan VERMIKOMPOS PADA PERTUMBUHAN CABAI MERAH (Capsicum annum L.)

&lt;p&gt;Eco farming fertilizers and vermicompost are very important in plant cultivation because they can affect plant growth and reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers. Various ways continue to be developed in order to create quality organic fertilizers so that red chili (Capsicum annum L.) plants can grow well. This study aims to determine the effect of giving eco farming fertilizers and vermicompost on red chili plant growth, knowing the right dose of eco farming fertilizer on red chili plants, and knowing the interaction between eco farming fertilizers and vermicompost on red chili plant growth. The experimental design used was factorial RAK with two factors, namely the provision of vermicompost (V) consisting of 3 levels, namely V0 (0g/polybag), V1 (25g/polybag), and V2 (50g/polybag). Eco farming fertilizer consists of 3 levels, namely E0 (0ml mixed fertilizer/polybag), E1 (25ml mixed starter/polybag), and E2 (50ml mixed starter/polybag). Parameters observed were plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm) and root volume (ml). The results showed that the application of eco farming fertilizer on the growth of red chili (Capsicum annum L.) gave no significant effect on plant parameters (cm), stem diameter (mm) and root volume (ml). Meanwhile, the application of vermicompost on the growth of red chili (Capsicum annum L.) had no significant effect on the parameters of plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm) and root volume (ml). The best treatment was giving a dose of 50% vermicompost and 50 ml eco farming fertilizer. The interaction of the application of eco farming fertilizer and vermicompost showed no significant effect on all observed parameters.&lt;/p&gt;

Adaptive microalgae disinfection system as the basis of a new technological approach to closed water supply installations

Modern conditions of industrial fish farming are accompanied by the uncontrolled influence of natural or man-made factors that affect water quality, which in turn affects the quality of products. One of the specific factors is the negative effect of microalgae and their toxins on water quality indicators. There is a need to create mechanisms to eliminate the factors of microalgae development and the manifestation of their toxins, if possible - the destruction of the toxins themselves. Industrial farms must have a system that can eliminate in a preventive automatic mode the negative effect of microalgae on the aquatic environment, while such a system must be safe for the environment and humans. Substantiation of technological and constructive solutions for the microalgae disinfection system operation using an adaptive approach to the structure in general, as well as individual blocks and units based on pulsed electrochemical methods as the main factors influencing water condition. The use of electrolytic methods of microalgae neutralization enables us to simultaneously realize the mechanism of change of toxic effect of aquatic organisms' urine when it is accumulating into nontoxic. This is done through the transformation, oxidation, and reduction of its aqueous solutions, which provides a change in the solution properties to optimal for plant nutrition. The use of electrolytic transformation methods is a new approach to the innovative technology of closed water supply systems (CWSS) for fisheries or greenhouse complexes, which can perform one, two, or more important tasks in a single technological cycle. The first one is the disinfection of hazardous bioagents as well as the destruction and removal of microalgae. The second one is the controlled transformation of the urine of aquatic organisms into a nutrient solution with the necessary ionic form for use by the plant root system. The third one is the synthesis and production of important components such as oxygen and hydrogen. The fourth one is the collection and subsequent use of the condensed fraction of microalgae. The main control parameter of water is light transmission - as a simplified, generalized indicator of the presence of microalgae in the aquatic environment. The system uses an effective process of destructive action on microalgae and their toxins - pulsed load current of electrodes with changes in its parameters and shape to prepare the water structure for better current effect due to cavitation blocks, which also destructively affect microalgae and toxins. When changing light transmission and pH of the working solution, the parameters of the pulsed load current are also changed by the adaptive power supply source to the most efficient. The proposed solution can be improved by using known developments used for better water purification in adaptive water purification systems. One of the promising areas is the selection and direction of microalgae and the condensed fraction of aquatic organisms at the same time to the adaptive biogas system (ABS) to obtain quality organic fertilizers and biogas. Another area is creating adaptive control systems for water parameters for hydroponics and aquaponics systems. An important extra factor of the new technological approach is the use of an electrolyzer with an insoluble anode and oxygen membrane that can be injected into the aquatic environment with aquatic organisms, as well as hydrogen for use as a source of power or heat.

Analisis Kualitas Produksi Pupuk Organik Berbahan Dasar Limbah Media Budidaya Lalat Tentara Hitam (Hermetia illucensi)

Utilization of organic waste from the rest of the black soldier fly (BSF),cultivation media into organic fertilizer that meets quality standards and is efficient in its manufacture. Theidentification of the effect of various types of organic waste making up the cultivation media on the growth of BSFlarvae, the quality of organic fertilizers, the level of efficiency in the production of organic fertilizers based on therest of the cultivation media. The research implementation method is an experimental field experiment to identifythe effect of various types of waste/organic materials that make up the cultivation media on the growth of BSFlarvae to produce organic fertilizer. The results of the analysis showed that the temperature of the larval growthmedia as a result of the study ranged from 26.2 - 30.5˚C which is still included in the category that is quite idealbecause the larvae can grow and develop. The average value of the optimum pH ranged from 6.5 to 7.5, indicatingthewiderangeoftoleranceforalltypesoforganicwasteintheformer larvalmedia.Thegrowthoflarvaeonday5inthetreatmentoflayinghenswassignificantlydifferentcomparedtoothermedia,havingthelowestvalueof 0.60 g, while the final weight of larvae in treatment C and D had an average value of 0.10. Based on this,treatments C and D have the highest average value. Organic fertilizer test results from the former laying henswaste media produced a quality close to the Ministry of Agriculture's organic fertilizer quality standard, withparameters pH:H2O, C-Organic,P2O5HCL25%andK2OHCL 25%.

Uji Kualitas Produk Pupuk Organik Beragensia Hayati

&lt;em&gt;Processing cow dung into organic fertilizer with additional biological agents is an effort to prevent environmental pollution due to agricultural waste. Sources of organic fertilizer materials have different nutrient content. Good quality organic fertilizer means that it has match the Organic Fertilizer Standards based on the Decree of Agriculture Minister Republic Indonesia Number 261/KPTS/SR.310/M/4/2019. This activity aims to determine the quality of the bio-agent organic fertilizer product produced by Perkumpulan Pertanian Organik Wonoagung Wonogiri (PPOWW) by analyzing its nutrient content. The activities carried out include an initial survey of partner conditions, preparation of materials, and analysis of fertilizers. The results show that the PPOWW management understands the mechanism of standard and how to carry out quality control on the organic fertilizers produced. The results of the analysis of the nutrient content of PPOWW organic fertilizer products are N-total 1.32%, P2O5 1.50%, K2O 2.24%, C-organic 23.09%, C/N ratio 17.55 and pH 8.27 which have met the quality standards of organic fertilizers and biological fertilizers. The addition of biological agents in the process of making organic fertilizers is proven to improve the quality of fertilizers.&lt;/em&gt;

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ZEOLIT DAN TRICHODERMA SP. TERHADAP KUALITAS PUPUK ORGANIK DARI KOTORAN AYAM

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of zeolite and Trichoderma S.p on the quality of organic fertilizer from chicken manure. This study used an experimental method with 4 treatments: P0, control treatment; P1, Fecal Fermentation (FF) with 5% zeolite; P2, FF with zeoilt 7.5%; P3, FF with 10% zeolite. Observational analysis was carried out at the Fertilizer Testing Laboratory of the Blitar Regency Agriculture Service which included parameters of C-organic levels, NPK levels. The results showed that the value of C-Organic and N,P,K levels of fermented fertilizer added with Zeolite still met the SNI threshold on the manufacture of organic fertilizer from poultry manure. The highest results were obtained in the P3 treatment with a higher organic C-value than the control P0 treatment. Meanwhile, the highest total N, P, K levels were the control treatment P0. Based on the results of observational data, research has shown that the addition of zeolite in the manufacture of organic fertilizer from chicken manure can increase the value of macro-nutrient content which can increase soil fertility and prevent soil degradation.

NEW INDICATORS OF SOIL FERTILITY

Soil fertility is the main issue in agriculture. The well-being of the people receiving food and technical raw materials for the processing industry depends on it. Knowledge of soil fertility allows us to develop forecasts of crop yields for the future, as well as plan targeted measures to increase fertility and ensure its sustainability. (Research purpose) The research purpose is increasing the efficiency of the production and application of organic fertilizers, reducing the environmental burden and saving the components. (Materials and methods) Microbiological, agrochemical, lysimetric and field studies were used to determine the effectiveness of organic fertilizers. (Results and discussion) The article presents the new organic fertilizer - a soil-biological complex that simultaneously possesses the properties of organic fertilizer, herbicide and fungicide. (Conclusions) The doses of the introduction of a soil-biological complex for the full nutrition of various agricultural crops were described taking into account the regularities of the influence of the microbiological community on the soil, cultivated crops and the conditions of their growth. The article described the influence of the soil-biological complex on agronomic indicators (lumpiness, moisture capacity, air permeability, stickiness, resistance to waterlogging and drought); agrochemical indicators (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other trace elements, organic matter, C:N ratio); resistance of plants to diseases; reduction of soil contamination; improvement of product quality; reduction of vegetation periods; interaction of various types of microorganisms, especially in the rhizosphere zone - the root zone of the soil. It is necessary to introduce an assessment of the quality of organic fertilizers as a mandatory indicator of the composition of the microbiological community, which will allow predicting the system of fertilization and care of crops. Specialists need to be trained in a new approach to the production and use of organic fertilizers.

The Growth of Shallot (Allium Ascalonicum L) on Manure Fertilizer and Trichoderma Inoculation

To produce optimally good quality shallots, proper cultivation techniques are required. Efforts that can be made include modifying the environment in which plants grow. Alternative efforts to increase the quantity and quality of agricultural products, especially shallots can be done by using organic fertilizers and the use of Trichoderma sp. as a plant growth promoting agent, as well as improving the quality of organic fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of Trichoderma in increasing the ability of plants to absorb nutrients from the growing media and to determine the best type of organic fertilizer to increase the growth and yield of shallots. The research was conducted at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta, Wedomartani, Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region, at an altitude of approximately 104 meters above sea level. The time of the research is from May to July 2021. This study was arranged in a factorial Completely Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. The first factor is the type of manure (P1: without manure, P2: cow manure and P3: goat manure). The second factor was inoculation of Trichoderma sp isolates (I0: without inoculation of Trichoderma sp. isolates. and I1: by inoculation of Trichoderma sp. isolates). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the addition of cow and goat manure was able to produce more leaves and plant height than without the addition of manure, although it did not show a significant effect on the yield of shallot bulbs. There is no significant difference between cow manure and goat manure. Trichoderma inoculation has not had a significant effect on the growth and yield of shallots

The effect of various decomposers on quality of organic fertilizer originated from solid waste of super intensive shrimp pond

This study aims to evaluate and compare the nutrient content of organic fertilizer originated from shrimp pond waste, which use commercial decomposers and indigenous decomposers. The research was carried out at Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension (RICAFE), Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and 3 replications. Solid waste of shrimp pond with several types of bio activators was used in this study. The treatments were types of bio activators, namely: BIO (A), TR-04 (B), EM4 (C) and decomposer bacteria isolated from pond waste ISO (D). The composting time lasted for 30 days. Observed variables were macronutrient content (C-Organic, N-Total, C/N ratio, P2O5 and K2O) and microelements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) as well as temperature and pH of the composting media. The results showed that different bio activators significantly affected the quality of pond waste organic fertilizer (p <0.01). Nutrient contents (C-Organic, C/N ratio, P2O5, and K2O, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) were not significantly different (p> 0.05), while N-total value was significantly different (p <0.05). The quality of produced compost in all bio activator treatments (BIO, TR, EM, and ISO) met Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 2004 and standard of regulation of the ministry of agriculture republic of Indonesia (PERMENTAN) 2019. This study can be an alternative for treating waste of shrimp culture industry.

Analysis of laboratory results in anaerobic processing in poultry dung reduction regime

At present, a lot of attention is paid to the increase in the economic performance of energy devices based on types of energy to obtain renewable energy as a result of processing of organic waste in an oxygen-free environment, in a relatively short time. The article provides extensive reviews on the study of the physical, chemical and other properties of poultry manure to solve many technological problems of its processing, introduction and storage. Studied the anaerobic processing of poultry droppings by the thinning mode, the analysis of the results obtained on the experimental setup. The results obtained at the experimental plant are compared with the values obtained as a result of theoretical calculations, and an analysis of the experimental and calculated values of the amount of biogas obtained from the bioreactors is given. In general, the amount of biogas from bioreactors and the quality of organic fertilizers determine the cost-effectiveness of the anaerobic process. When the results obtained in the experimental laboratory device are compared with the values obtained by theoretical calculations, it can be seen that the difference between the experimental and calculated values of biogas from bioreactors did not increase by 4%.

Increased quality of small-scale organic compost with the addition of efficient microorganisms

Substantial quantities solid waste from livestock are potential sources of nutrients for agroecological production on small-scale farms. The processes used to extract these wastes, however, must be capable of eliminating pathogenic microorganisms. We aimed to evaluate composting and vermicomposting processes by inoculating efficient microorganisms at the field scale. We used cattle and sheep manure with the inoculation of efficient microorganisms (EMs) at concentrations of 0, 2, and 4 mL L-1. In vermicomposting experiments, we added Lumbricus rubellus. After the maturation and stabilization phases of the compounds, concentrations of macronutrients, micronutrients, heavy metals, thermotolerant coliforms and Salmonella spp. were measured. We found that composting processes allowed high availability of macronutrients. Vermicomposting, associated with inoculation with 2 mL L-1 EMs, promoted the lowest concentration of thermotolerant coliforms, ensuring greater elimination of pathogens. The compost produced allowed the valuation of waste and use it as a quality organic fertilizer for agroecological production.

Increase In Macro Nutrients By Adding Banana Waste To Liquid Organic Fertilizer

Liquid organic fertilizer is a solution from the fermentation of organic materials by involving microorganisms as a destructor of macromolecular compounds into minerals that are easily absorbed by plants. The quality of organic fertilizers is the main ingredient to get productive plants. The quality of organic fertilizer is determined by the concentration of macro nutrients such as nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus. Getting high amounts of macronutrients fertilized organically is not easy. Macro-nutrients in organic waste with high concentrations are very difficult to obtain because each organic waste does not have all three macro-nutrients simultaneously. It takes a combination of organic waste to increase the concentration of macro nutrients in organic fertilizers. The combination of tofu whey with banana waste is one technique to obtain organic fertilizers that are high in phosphorus content. This study aims to obtain the effect and conditions of fermentation on the addition of mass of banana waste to produce optimum levels of phosphorus (P) in liquid fertilizer of tofu waste. The type of research used is pre-experimental research. The design of this study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely the first factor was the mass of banana waste (X) (X1 = 250 grams, X2 = 500 grams, X3 = 750 grams) and the second factor was the fermentation time (Y) (Y1 = 14 days, Y2 = 28 days, Y3 = 42 days). Determination of phosphorus content using UV-Vis spectroscopy instrument. Parameters measured were phosphorus (P) levels in liquid organic fertilizer. The independent variables in this study were the mass of banana waste and fermentation time, while the dependent variable in this study was the phosphorus content of the liquid fertilizer produced. The results of the analysis show that the phosphorus content (P) produced is X1Y1 = 0.1%, X2Y1 = 0.5%, X3Y1 = 0.09%, X1Y2 = 0.5%, X2Y2 = 2%, X3Y2 = 1.9 %, X1Y3 = 0.2%, X2Y3 = 0.5% and X3Y3 = 0.5%. There is an effect with the addition of a mass of banana waste as much as 250 grams at a 12-day fermentation time. It can be concluded that the liquid fertilizer produced has exceeded the SNI quality standard.