NEW INDICATORS OF SOIL FERTILITY

Abstract

Soil fertility is the main issue in agriculture. The well-being of the people receiving food and technical raw materials for the processing industry depends on it. Knowledge of soil fertility allows us to develop forecasts of crop yields for the future, as well as plan targeted measures to increase fertility and ensure its sustainability. (Research purpose) The research purpose is increasing the efficiency of the production and application of organic fertilizers, reducing the environmental burden and saving the components. (Materials and methods) Microbiological, agrochemical, lysimetric and field studies were used to determine the effectiveness of organic fertilizers. (Results and discussion) The article presents the new organic fertilizer - a soil-biological complex that simultaneously possesses the properties of organic fertilizer, herbicide and fungicide. (Conclusions) The doses of the introduction of a soil-biological complex for the full nutrition of various agricultural crops were described taking into account the regularities of the influence of the microbiological community on the soil, cultivated crops and the conditions of their growth. The article described the influence of the soil-biological complex on agronomic indicators (lumpiness, moisture capacity, air permeability, stickiness, resistance to waterlogging and drought); agrochemical indicators (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other trace elements, organic matter, C:N ratio); resistance of plants to diseases; reduction of soil contamination; improvement of product quality; reduction of vegetation periods; interaction of various types of microorganisms, especially in the rhizosphere zone - the root zone of the soil. It is necessary to introduce an assessment of the quality of organic fertilizers as a mandatory indicator of the composition of the microbiological community, which will allow predicting the system of fertilization and care of crops. Specialists need to be trained in a new approach to the production and use of organic fertilizers.