Quality Of Mungbean Research Articles

Anoxia and hypercarbia packaging influence adult emergence and survival of the pretreated eggs of Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) and mung bean quality during storage

Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) is attacked by Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) during storage. This study investigated the post-effects of pretreating C. chinensis eggs with modified atmosphere (MA) conditions (100% CO2, 100% N2, and vacuum-packed) on the emergence and survival of eggs to adults and the effects of MA on mung bean seed quality stored at ambient conditions (28 ± 2 °C; 60 ± 5% Relative humidity) for 12 months. The seeds (500 g with 11.83% moisture content (MC); 98% germination; 22 germination index) were packed using a nylon/linear low-density polyethylene (nylon/LLDPE) (12.5 × 30 × 5 cm3; 120-μm-thick) sealed with those MA conditions for 24 h exposure to the insect eggs. In another set, seeds without insect infestation were studied to assess their quality. Seeds packed with normal air served as control. For the insect eggs, exposure to MA conditions significantly reduced adult emergence, decreased longevity, and shortened adult mortality duration. Percentage of adult emergence (%AE) and number of females were reduced in one egg/seed compared to two eggs/seed. In another set with no observed insects in the samples, the seeds’ MC and total oil content were maintained. However, MA conditions exhibited similar effectiveness in delaying free fatty acids (FFA) generation and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity loss as compared to the control. Consequently, germination percentage and germination index were maintained. Therefore, the use of MA conditions with the packaging material as nylon/LLDPE was able to suppress problems like that of C. chinensis and maintain the quality of mung bean seeds for 12 months.

Biochar as sustainable input for nodulation, yield and quality of mung bean

To reduce dependency on synthetic fertilizers in response to the escalating costs of fertilizers and environmental limitations, it is imperative to enhance crop productivity and soil fertility sustainably. This research was carried out at the Agricultural Research Farm of Abdul Wali Khan University in Mardan, Pakistan, with the objective of investigating the effects of biochar on the qualitative attributes of mung beans. The randomize complete block design (RCBD) was used for the experiment having four replication. The treatments comprised of four levels of biochar i.e. 0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha−1. Our results revealed that increasing biochar content caused an increase in yield components as well as attribute composition. The nodule density (17.8), pods plant−1 (27.3), grains pods−1 (11.4) and biological yield (6497 kg ha−1) produced best results under the application of 30 t ha−1 of biochar. Moreover, grain yield (1550 kg ha−1), grain nitrogen content (25.2 g kg−1) and straw nitrogen content (15.3 g kg−1) also resulted best under 30 t ha−1 biochar. While, 1000 grain weight (64 g) was recorded highest weight under 20 t ha−1. The quality attributes showed that the oil content (41.1%), as well as the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid contents (13.7%), were found to be the best under the application of 30 t ha−1. While, protein (23.37%) and linoleic acid (23.128%) content were the highest at 10 t ha−1of biochar. Moreover, the palmitic acid (6.1025%) and stearic acid (2.64%) content resulted higher under 20 t ha−1 of biochar. All the attributes showed positive response to either small level of biochar or a large level, but their response showed that biochar can be a factor that improves both yield and quality. The study therefore suggests that biochar should be applied to the soil to improve its fertility in regards of nutrient and increased organic matter.

Investigation of led exposure duration and dark phase on the growth rate, yield, and quality of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) microgreens

This study examines the effects of varying LED durations and the seedling’s dark phase on microgreen mung bean growth rate, yield, and quality. Conducted in December 2023 at the Laboratory of Microgreen Cultivation, Jl. Joyo Agung, Malang, at an elevation of approximately 625 meters, the study utilized a box experiment with a split-plot design. The primary variable was the length of the LED dark phase (0, 12, and 18 hours), while the subplot focused on the early seedling dark phase treatment (two 24-hour dark phases and no dark phase). Analysis of variance showed no significant interaction between LED exposure time and blackout treatment, except for plant texture. The best plant texture (6.10 mm/s) was achieved with 18 hours of exposure and an early-stage dark period. LED light exposure influenced the total fresh weight, total dry weight, and total soluble solids of the plants. The 12-hour exposure produced the highest total fresh weight (85.15 g), while the 18-hour exposure resulted in the highest total dry weight (6.28 g), crown dry weight (5.70 g), and total soluble solids at 4 and 6 days after sowing (8.80oBrix and 8.27oBrix, respectively).

Performance of mungbean in Response to zinc and iron through agronomic mechanism of biofortification

A field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, Agriculture University, Jodhpur in kharif season during 2020 and 2021 to study the effect of agronomic biofortification of zinc and iron on growth, yield and quality of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) varieties. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design, comprised with two varieties namely GM-7 and MH-421 and three treatments of foliar spray of iron (Fe) and urea in main-plots and four treatments included seed inoculation by zinc solubilizing bacteria with soil application of zinc (Zn) in a combinations were assigned to sub-plots. In this way, the experiment had twenty four treatment combinations were replicated thrice. Mung bean variety ‘MH-421’ had performed prominently with respect to all growth and yield parameters, while taller height was recorded under variety ‘GM-7’ during both the years as well as pooled basis of experimentations. Biofortified treatment of iron with urea spray and zinc significantly higher growth and yield attributes were recorded under treatment foliar spray of 0.5% Fe + 2% urea at flower initiation and pod formation stages and seed inoculation with ZSB + soil application of higher dose of zinc sulphate i.e. ZSB (SI) + 25 kg ZnSO4/ha, which remained at par with foliar spray of 0.5% Fe + 2% urea at flower initiation stage and ZSB (SI) + 20 kg ZnSO4/ha at 25, 50 DAS and at harvest stage of mungbean, respectively.

Effect of Different Sources of Nutrients on Growth, Yield and Quality of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)

A pot experiment was conducted in the experimental research farm of Department of Soil Science, SAS, Nagaland University, and Medziphema campus, Nagaland in the period of June to September 2022 to make a study on “Effect of different sources of nutrients on growth, yield and quality of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 12 treatments and 3 replications. The study revealed that the incorporation of different sources of nutrients significantly influenced that the plant growth, yield attributes and quality parameters i.e., NPK and protein content, Nutrient uptake, and availability of nutrients in soil after harvest of green gram. The crop growth attributes such as plant height, number of leaves plant-1 and number of branches plant-1 were significantly influenced by its application. The highest seed yield of 11.67 g pot-1and stover yield of 37.88 g pot-1 recorded with the treatment of 100% RDF+PSB+FYM was significantly superior over all treatments. The quality of green gram was improved by 100% RDF+PSB+FYM in the presence of different sources of nutrients. The highest nutrient content and highest nutrient uptake by green gram was also recorded highest with the treatment 100% RDF+PSB+FYM. The available nutrients (NPK), cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, soil respiration, microbial biomass carbon in soil was also found to be more due to the treatment of 100% RDF+PSB+FYM.

Effect of Various Microbial Inoculums on the Growth, Quality and Nutrient Uptake of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)

A field experiment was conducted at Technology Park of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (UP) to study the Growth, Quality, and Nutrient Uptake of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) as Influenced by Different Microbial Inoculums during the kharif season of 2020. The experiment including ten treatments was conducted in RBD design and replicated thrice. The maximum values of growth attributes viz., Root length (15.7 cm), Root weight (1.4:1.06 fresh/dry g/plant), Effective nodules (41.5 no./plant), Nodules dry weight (96.3 mg/plant) and Grain yield (1106 kg/ha), Quality i.e., Protein content (25.4%), Protein yield (279.7 kg/ha) and nutrient content and uptake viz., nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were recorded under NPK Consortia +ZSB, each @ 20 ml/kg followed by NPK Consortia @ 20 ml/kg. This shows that NPK Consortia with ZSB have better adoptability in growth, yield and quality of mung bean.

A Novel Approach: Stimulatory Effect of Bioenzyme supplementation on quality of Mung bean

Organic farming nowadays is a major area of interest for research. It is the best way to restore disturbed ecological balance due to excessive use of chemicals in agriculture like fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, etc. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential of eco- friendly product bioenzyme on biochemical and oxidative stress parameters of mung (Vigna radiata). A field experiment was conducted at Loharpipliya village, district Dewas (M.P.) during March-May 2022. Various dilutions of Bioenzyme were sprayed at the interval of 15 days after the two leaves stage of the plant. Four treatments were designed – Control (without any treatment), T1 (1ml bioenzyme/l water), T2 (2 ml bioenzyme/l water), and T3 (3 ml bioenzyme/l water). Photosynthetic pigments were significantly increased in all the treatments involving bioenzyme collated to control. A highly significant increment in carbohydrate and protein content in leaves of mung was reported with T2 treatment. Oxidative stress assessed in terms of MDA and proline was observed to decrease significantly with all treatments. Among all the three concentrations of bioenzyme used in the present study, the best results were obtained with the spraying of 2ml bioenzyme/l water (T2). Bioenzyme can be a good alternative for farmers to improve the quality of mung without the use of harmful chemicals to avoid adverse effects on soil and crop quality. Though further research is required for use of bioenzyme with other crops too.

Results of the analytical study of the growth, development, grain yield and quality of Mung Bean (Rhaseo1is Aireis Piper) varieties under the conditions of grassy swampy soils

In this article was described the effect of the studied factors on the height and productivity of mung bean stalks and grain quality. According to the results of the experiment, it was found that the growth of the varieties according to the planting period was 2.3-5.2 cm higher than the height of the stem when planted on June 20 and July 1 compared to the spring period. It was found that on June 20, the yield of the “Durdona” variety increased by 2.2-2.8 s/h compared to the spring planting period. In addition, planting dates and rates affect the protein content of mung bean grain, as the planting rate increases, the amount of protein decreases, and when repeated planting, the amount of protein in the variety “Navruz” is 1.7-1.0%, “ It was found that it increased by 0.3-0.5% in Durdona variety. Key words: mung bean, Asian bean, meadow-swampy soil, Navruz, Durdona, variety, podding, tuganak, stem, protein, productivity.

Comparative Effect of Inoculation of Phosphorus-Solubilizing Bacteria and Phosphorus as Sustainable Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.).

Globally, the availability of phosphorus (P) to crops remains limited in two-thirds of the soils, which makes it less accessible to plants and ultimately associated with low crop yields. The present study investigated the effect of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB; Pseudomonas spp.) for the improvement of phosphorus in mung bean (Vigna radiata) varieties and growth of net grain and biological yields. Results showed that inoculation of mung bean varieties with PSB at the rate of 100 g/kg seed significantly improved the root and shoot dry weight of about 1.13 and 12.66 g, root and shoot length of 14.49 and 50.63 cm, root and shoot phosphorus content of 2629.39 and 4138.91 mg/kg, a biological yield of 9844.41 kg/ha, number of pods of 17 per plant, number of grains of 9 per pod, grain yield of 882.23 kg/ha, and 1000-grain weight of 46.18 g after 60 days of observation. It was also observed that PSB-treated varieties of mung bean showed the maximum photosynthetic yield, photosynthetic active radiation, electron transport rate, and momentary fluorescent rate of 0.75, 364.32, 96.12, and 365.33 μmol/m2 s, respectively. The highest harvest index of 13.28% was recorded by P-treated mung beans. Results disclosed that inoculation of seeds of mung bean with PSB exhibited different effects in measured parameters. It is concluded that PSB possessed remarkable results in measured parameters compared to the control and highlighted that PSB could be an effective natural sustainable fertilizer for mung bean cultivation in sandy soil.

Influence of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on growth, yield and quality of mungbean (Vigna radiata)

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Seasonal Incidence of Insect Pests on Mungbean (Vigna radiata) in Correlation with Meteorological data

Background: Mung bean is important pulse crop in India due to its nutritional value. Its grain contains protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin and minerals therefore human uses it in various ways in food. Mung bean crop cultivated in kharif, rabi and summer season in India. Various species of insect pests are infested to mung bean crop and cause very harmful effect to crop and farmer. These pests decrease productivity and quality of mung bean. Methods: Field experiment was carried out for the study of seasonal incidence of insect pests on RMG-62 variety of green gram during kharif season 2019. Mung bean was grown on a plot size of 25 m × 25m with 50 cm row to row and 20 cm plant to plant spacing. Randomly selected 20 plants from weekly interval to record population of insect pests. The population of jassid and whitefly was recorded by counting number of pests on 2 upper, 2 middle and 2 lower leaves of a plant whereas population of aphid was recorded by counting number of aphid on 10 cm twig/plant. Result: The mean population of aphid, jassid and whitefly were recorded. Incidence of aphid started during 33th standard week with 0.9 aphid/10cm twig/plant, jassid and whitefly started during 32th standard week with 0.3 jassid/6 leaves/plant and 2.1 whitefly/6 leaves/plant, respectively. Peak mean population of aphid, jassid and whitefly reached during 36th standard week with 10.2 aphid/10cm twig/plant, 10.1 jassid/6 leaves/plant and 14.1 whitefly/6 leaves/plant, respectively. Simultaneously six species of insect pests also infested green gram, these were Mylabris pustulata, Helicoverpa armigera, Trichoplusia ni., Lampides boeticus, Spoladea recurvalis and Diaphania indica. The population of aphid, jassid and whitefly positively correlated with temperature. Population of aphid and whitefly had positive correlation with humidity, whereas jassid population had positive correlation with minimum humidity and negative correlation with maximum and average humidity. All three pests expressed negative correlation with rainfall.

Impact of industrial effluents and simulated acid rain on growth, productivity and metal contamination in mungbean (Vigna radiate L.)

Environmental pollution poses a great health hazard to human beings, animals and plants. Industrial effluents and acid rain are the major pollutants that have a strong influence on the growth of crop plants. A pot trial was conducted to investigate the influence of industrial effluents and simulated acid rain (SAR) on the growth, productivity, biochemical and quality attributes of mungbean crop. The experiment was comprised of various treatments i.e. T0 = Control; T1 = industrial effluents (25%) + distilled water (DW) (75%); T2 = industrial effluents (50%) + DW (50%); T3 = industrial effluents (75%) + DW (25%); T4 = pure industrial effluents (100%) and T5 = acid rain (HCl at pH 3.5). Results revealed that maximum increase in chlorophyll contents (12.88%), pods per plant (27.90%), nodules per plant (34.78%), number of grains per pods (33.33%), 1000-seeds weight (8.53%) and seed yield (47.65%) was observed in T2 as compared to control. Significant increase in the grain metals contents was observed in the T4. However, application of SAR significantly decreases chlorophyll contents (14.11%), pods per plant (30.23%), nodules per plant (47.82%), number of grains per pods (33.33%), 1000-seeds weight (7.01%) and seed yield (51.40%) as compared to control. In crux, simulated acid rain and pure form of industrial effluents have toxic effect on the growth, yield and quality of mungbean. The adequate dilution of effluents treatment is therefore needed before the disposal and reuse of wastewaters for irrigation purposes. Keywords: Acid rain; Growth; Industrial effluents; Mungbean http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2019.80132

Influence of Potassium Addition on Productivity, Quality and Nutrient Uptake of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)

Potassium is the key element for mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) productivity. The study was carried out to understand the effects of potassium (K) on mungbean productivity, quality, nutrient content and nutrient uptake and how this element can help to manage soil fertility.Therefore, an experiment was conducted during two consecutive years 2016 and 2017. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design considering six treatments with thrice replicates. The treatments were T1 = Control, T2 = 30 kg K ha-1, T3= 40 kg K ha-1, T4= 50 kg K ha-1, T5= 60 kg K ha-1 and T6= 70 kg K ha-1 along with the blanket dose of N15P20S10Zn2B1.5 kg ha-1. Results revealed that application of different levels of potassium showed significant effects on the plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and thousand seed weight which were influenced to obtain higher yield of mungbean. The highest average seed yield (1476 kg ha-1) and highest yield increment (39.5%) of mungbean were produced from the treatment T5. Most of the cases the highest nutrient (N, P, K, S, Zn and B) content was obtained in T5 treatment.The highest K uptake by mungbean, maximum nodulation, the highest protein content in seed and maximum apparent K recovery efficiency (54.8%) were, however, recorded from the treatment receiving of 60kg K ha-1. It was concluded that proper use of K with other nutrients facilitated to improve the productivity and quality of mungbean and also K played a significant role in maintaining soil fertility.

Storage of mungbean in hermetic PVC tank: Presentation

This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of hermetic storage on quality of mungbean. About 260 kg of mungbean samples were stored in an especially design 350 L capacity hermetic PVC tanks (hermetic tank) and non-hermetic PVC tanks (control tank). Hermetic PVC tanks were closed air-tightly. All tanks were randomly placed in a warehouse. Each hermetic and control PVC tanks were artificially infested by 50 unsexed Callosobruchus chinensis kept in 4 glass jars containing 100 g of mungbean and jars were dipped in four different depths. The gas concentrations in the tanks were monitored up to 6 months intervals. Percentages of germination, moisture content, and grain damage were evaluated at the end of the storage. The oxygen content of hermetic samples was dropped to 11±1.2% and carbon dioxide content was increased up to 7±0.7% within 6 months of storage. Live insects of C. chinensis were not found in hermetic samples after 6 months but abundant population of C. chinensis was found in the control PVC tank just after one month. After 6 months, germination percentage of the mungbean samples stored in hermetic tanks had decreased from 95±3% to 82±4%, whereas it was decreased from 95±3% to 47±7% in control tanks due to grain damage. Percent grain damage of the hermetic sample was only 4.5±1% compared to the heavy insect damage of the control samples. Moisture content of hermetic samples remained unchanged compare to the control.

Combining ability analysis for seed protein and methionine content in green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) wilczek

For combining ability analysis, a diallel method was employed in which eight genotypically diverse lines of green gram were crossed among themselves in all possible combinations excluding reciprocals. The analysis for combining ability revealed significant mean sum of squares of both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for most of the characters which indicated the presence of both additive and non-additive gene actions. Higher magnitude of GCA effects than SCA effects were observed for days to secondary branches per plant, 100 seeds weight and seed yield per plant indicating predominance of these traits by additive gene effects. Higher magnitude of SCA effects than GCA effects were observed for characters pod length, seed protein content and seed methionine content pointed out to be the preponderance of non-additive gene effects in the expression of these characters. The good general combiner for seed yield was BM-4, whereas, IPM 99-125 was most promising for seed protein content and RMG-1045 for seed methionine content. The best specific cross combinations for seed yield and seed methionine content was BM-4 x PDM-139 and for seed protein content cross RMG-1035 x RMG-1045. These parents and cross combinations could be utilized for further breeding programme for improvement in yield and quality of mungbean.

Effects of Tropospheric Ozone (O3) on Yield and Nutritional Quality of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata Cv. MN 98): Evidence from Pakistan

The effects of ambient ozone concentrations on the yield and nutritional quality of Mung bean (MN-98) grown in Northern Pakistan was assessed using EDU. Passive samplers results revealed that ozone was significantly lower (24.2 ppb) in April compared to May, June (49 ppb). The mean pods number/plants, length/plant, and biomass of both fresh and dry weight of EDU and NEDU treated plants were all significantly not different. The mean biomass for EDU leaves was (4.0 g) and significantly reduced compared to NEDU (2.8 g). The mean root length and shoot biomass of EDU plants compared to NEDU treated plants remained unchanged. However, the total biomass of EDU plants were significantly higher (10.0 g) compared to NEDU (7.3 g). The overall plant biomass was 30% significantly higher than N-EDU plants. The nutritional quality parameters (Ash, Moisture, Fats, Fiber and Protein) reduced significantly in NEDU seeds compared to EDU. The %moisture contents of seeds was (F=0.017; p<0.05), %Ash (F=3.987; p<0.05), %Protein (F=3.467; p<0.05) %Fats (F=2.574; p<0.05), %Fiber content was positively affected by EDU treatment. It was concluded that ozone is directly affecting the growth and quality of summer crops grown in Pakistan that can affect the future food security of the region.

不同生物炭菌肥对绿豆农艺性状及土壤成分的研究

不同生物炭菌肥对绿豆农艺性状及土壤成分的研究

Yield and Quality of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata (l.) R. Wilczek) Seeds Produced in Poland

The aim of the experiment was to do field and laboratory assessments of yield and quality of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) seeds cultivated in Western Poland. Mean yield of seeds per plant was higher for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) than for mung one: 13.1 g and 2.58 g, respectively. The mean 1000 mung seeds weight was 50.9 g and their germination – 78 %. Germination capacities of seeds of both beans in the field were similar. Mung beans, compared to common bean, had much smaller seeds, started to bloom later and produced mature seeds later than the latter. Mung bean seeds had more total proteins and Magnesium and Copper than common bean seeds. In Western Poland, production of high quality mung bean seeds was possible.

Assessment of Mung Bean Quality Through Single Kernel Characterization

With significant interest in incorporating beans, lentils, and pulses as nutrient-rich healthy food sources into our diets, a reliable technique for their rapid and accurate quality evaluation is needed. The method of single kernel characterization to determine the physical properties (i.e., diameter, weight, moisture content, and hardness) of mung beans was assessed in this study. Two mung bean varieties were characterized using the single kernel characterization technique and the results were compared to traditional methods. It was observed that predicted bean weights were accurate to known laboratory measurements (R = 0.98, n = 200). Individual bean characterization was moderately (R = 0.58–0.7, n = 100) correlated in regard to the true diameter of mung beans. An evaluation on moisture content was performed after tempering the two bean varieties to four moisture levels and a good correlation was obtained with the oven drying method (R = 0.92, n = 24). Hardness values obtained by single kernel characterization were moderately correlated to maximum forces measured using an Instron universal testing system. However, a common relationship was observed between mung bean hardness and moisture content when using both methods. Compared to visual inspection, automated characterization of single beans is a superior technique to measure the geometrical and mechanical properties of mung beans in an industrial setup where high throughput is paramount.

EFFECT OF POTASSIUM ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF MUNGBEAN UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES

Effect of potassium on growth, yield and quality of mungbean ((Vigna radiata L.) under different irrigation regimes was studied at the Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. The field experiment was carried out in May-August 2015 using randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having three replications with net plot size of 5 m × 1.8 m. Crop variety NIAB-MUNG 2011 was used as test crop. The treatments were comprised of different irrigation regimes at different growth stages; no stress (control), skipping one irrigation at vegetative growth stage, skipping one irrigation at flowering stage, skipping one irrigation at pod formation stage and different doses of potassium viz, 0, 15, 30 and 45 kg ha-1 respectively. To study the economic feasibility of the treatments economic analysis was done. Results showed that number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod (6.33), 1000-grain weight, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index (31.03), plant height at maturity, number of pod bearing branches (9.00) were statistically significant in treatment I0K3 [(irrigation at vegetative, flowering and pod formation stage) × (one and half recommended dose of potassium (45 kg ha-1)]. Protein contents, leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and benefit cost ratio (1.80) were statistically significant in the same treatment I0K3 [(irrigation at vegetative, flowering and pod formation stage) x (one and half recommended dose of potassium (45 kg ha-1)]. It was concluded from experiment that better mungbean yield was harvested with more net return when potassium was applied in soil @ 45 kg ha-1 and when there was no water stress.