Message Quality Research Articles

Use of Twitter as a Tool for Political Parties’ Election Campaigns

Twitter is an excellent social medium for following election events and participating in public debate. Twitter allows individuals to express themselves on crucial national problems in various ways. All political parties used Twitter to interact with voters during the general election campaign in 2019. In such a case, it is critical to understand the impact of the election campaign on Twitter on shaping young people's votes. Qualitative content analysis has been conducted to evaluate the quality of national political parties' tweets during the 2019 general election. For this, tweets from the official Twitter handles of the BJP and the INC during the 2019 general elections were selected using a checklist. A serious attempt was made to understand all units of analysis in the tweets. The present study contributes to understanding the quality of the NPPs' messages. This study also evaluated Twitter's influence on the upcoming Lok Sabha elections.

Przegląd wybranych portali mapowych prezentujących szlaki rowerowe

This article evaluates map websites that present bicycle routes. Due to the large number of such websites and their highly dynamic development, the analysis was limited to the content presented for the area of Poland. An attempt was made to assess properties like the quality and form of the cartographic message, the legibility of the presented content, the quantity and quality of the accompanying data, and the usability properties. Data from global, national and local portals developed for the voivodship, and even for the city or county, were analysed. The analysis showed that Goole Maps currently offers the best usable properties.

Use of Facebook to Influence Youth Vote in the General Election

Political parties have embraced New Media as an election campaign tactic. The growing popularity of Facebook among young users is the primary cause. The parties employed the New Media election campaign approach to share their political messages to influence the youth. The youth, particularly first-time voters, are thought to be the key to winning elections. This research examines the campaign substance of Facebook posts made to youngsters by national political parties during the 2019 general elections. Various units of analysis, such as the issues raised in the posts, format, and dialogue with the youth, have been studied with the help of a checklist, for this qualitative method has been used. The posts made by the official Facebook accounts of the BJP and the INC in the run-up to the 2019 general elections were studied. Through this, a serious attempt has been made to analyses the quality of political messages shared with the youth. This study also evaluates political parties' election campaigning tendencies on Facebook in the coming general elections.

Designing an Email Attack by Analysing the Victim’s Profile. An Alternative Anti-Phishing Training Method

According to Thomson-Reuters the top cyber threat today is phishing in which people are tricked either to click a malicious link or give out personal information. It’s a fact that 96% of these phishing attacks comes from emails, which amount to more than 3.4 billion daily, as reported by Cisco. Austrian aerospace company FACC, Belgian bank Crelan, Acorn financial services and many other companies were recently fell victims of phishing emails losing millions of dollars. Even if experts provide lists of signs that users should seek in an email in order to understand if it is legitimate or scam, the attackers have elevated the quality of the email messages making them believable and very hard to discern them. In order to respond to this elevated threat, unconventional user training is required, focusing on recognizing a phishing email. Knowing how an attacker thinks and prepares the attack vector against a target, we claim that it will make users more suspicious when they receive one. In this regard, an innovative education intervention (consisted of two phases) was designed and developed. In the first phase, 98 participants were asked to visit an artificial social media profile and prepare a phishing email in order to persuade the victim to click a link. Then, the participants were presented with an innovative guided workflow to prepare a spear phishing email which was based on social media intelligence. In the second phase, they were asked to prepare one more email for the same person applying this time the guided workflow. Comparing the two different emails created, we found that the guided workflow led to the creation of more authentic emails which could potentially trick the victim easier. Based on the theory of active learning, we believe that by teaching users how attackers exploit their personal information in order to develop their attack vectors, it will increase their awareness not only for the typical phishing emails but also for more sophisticated spear phishing attacks.

Better with GPs as managers? – Variation in perceptions of feedback messages, goal-clarity and performance across manager´s in Swedish primary care

BackgroundPrimary care in several countries is developing towards team-based and multi-professional care, requiring leadership and management capabilities at the primary care practice level. This article reports findings from a study of primary care managers in Sweden, focusing variation in performance and perceptions of feedback messages and goal-clarity, depending on managers’ professional background.MethodsThe study was designed as a cross-sectional analysis of primary care practice managers’ perceptions combined with registered data on patient-reported performance. Managers perceptions was collected through a survey to all 1 327 primary care practice managers in Sweden. Data about patient-reported performance was collected from the 2021 National Patient Survey in primary care. We used bivariate (Pearson correlation) and multivariate (ordinary least square regression analysis) statistical methods to describe and analyse the possible association between managers’ background, responses to survey statements and patient-reported performance.ResultsBoth GP and non-GP managers had positive perceptions of the quality and support of feedback messages from professional committees focusing medical quality indicators, although managers perceived that the feedback facilitated improvement work to a lower degree. Feedback from the regions as payers scored consistently lower in all dimensions, especially among GP-managers. Results from regression analysis indicate that GP-managers correlate with better patient-reported performance when controlling for selected primary care practice and managerial characteristics. A significant positive relationship with patient-reported performance was also found for female managers, a smaller size of the primary care practice and a good staffing situation of GPs.ConclusionsBoth GP and non-GP managers rated the quality and support of feedback messages from professional committees higher than feedback from regions as payers. Differences in perceptions were especially striking among GP-managers. Patient-reported performance was significantly better in primary care practices managed by GPs and female managers. Variables reflecting structural and organizational, rather than managerial, characteristics contributed with additional explanations behind the variation in patient-reported performance across primary care practices. As we cannot exclude reversed causality, the findings may reflect that GPs are more likely to accept being a manager of a primary care practice with favourable characteristics.

Artificial intelligence for health message generation: an empirical study using a large language model (LLM) and prompt engineering

IntroductionThis study introduces and examines the potential of an AI system to generate health awareness messages. The topic of folic acid, a vitamin that is critical during pregnancy, served as a test case.MethodWe used prompt engineering to generate awareness messages about folic acid and compared them to the most retweeted human-generated messages via human evaluation with an university sample and another sample comprising of young adult women. We also conducted computational text analysis to examine the similarities between the AI-generated messages and human generated tweets in terms of content and semantic structure.ResultsThe results showed that AI-generated messages ranked higher in message quality and clarity across both samples. The computational analyses revealed that the AI generated messages were on par with human-generated ones in terms of sentiment, reading ease, and semantic content.DiscussionOverall, these results demonstrate the potential of large language models for message generation. Theoretical, practical, and ethical implications are discussed.

Physicians' perception of health topics covered by traditional media in Morocco: opinion of physicians as consumers of the media.

In Morocco, the traditional media allows messages of non-scientific prescriptions for the treatment of diseases and statements criticizing doctors to pass, which are considered by doctors as defamation and attacks on the honor of the medical profession. The aim of this study was to analyze physicians' perception in Morocco regarding health topics in the traditional media (TM). This is a descriptive transversal study of physicians practicing in Morocco. The data were collected using a questionnaire that included questions on reliability, speed, up-to-dateness and influence of TM, also trust and interest in TM, quantity, and quality of health messages in TM. A total of 417 physicians responded, among them 234 (56.1%) had little or no interest in health topics in TM; 248 (59.5%) considered the quantity of transmitted messages to be low; 234 (56.1%) considered that health messages in TM are of low quality; 248 (59.5%) had little or no trust in health topics in TM. Also, three-quarters, 314 (75.3%), of the physicians recognized a moderate to strong influence of TM on health behaviors. Our results show that physicians have a perception that seems negative towards TM. This may partially explain the chronic tension situation between physicians and journalists/media in Morocco. To better understand this situation and improve this relationship in favor of health promotion, it is necessary to conduct a research addressing the opinion of journalists and the propositions of solutions of both parties.

Step-size influence on the time of processing for 4th order Runge-Kutta numerical integration to obtain GLONASS satellite coordinates

The modernization of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) with the inclusion of new constellations and improvements in the already available systems has been assessed with great interest over the last decade. The combination of different satellite constellations expands the possible applications, so the term multi-GNSS appeared to designate the use of these multiple navigation systems. On that topic, one important element is the quality of the broadcast messages made available by each system to determine the satellites’ coordinates that will be used to calculate the user’s position and how much this information can be trusted. When merging systems for multi-GNSS, the Russian constellation, GLONASS, is still an outsider when the combination of systems is discussed. After regaining its full constellation in 2012 some studies have been conducted on efforts to increase the knowledge about its functionality. This paper discusses the step size needed for the Runge-Kutta 4th order, indicated to be used on the ICD documentation, interpolation that gets the coordinates of the satellite, and impacts on computational processing time, which has not been previously addressed in the literature. Three days of broadcast ephemeris were processed and compared with IGS final products to determine the residual mean squared error for the local components. It was tested steps of 0.1, 1, 2, 10,30, 45, 60, and 120 seconds, and the step of 1 second was determined as the best one. With the analyzed ideal step-size, as a result of this paper, a Python 3.8 library was made available for users to include on their own projects.

Working With AI to Persuade: Examining a Large Language Model's Ability to Generate Pro-Vaccination Messages

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a transformative force in communication and messaging strategy, with potential to disrupt traditional approaches. Large language models (LLMs), a form of AI, are capable of generating high-quality, humanlike text. We investigate the persuasive quality of AI-generated messages to understand how AI could impact public health messaging. Specifically, through a series of studies designed to characterize and evaluate generative AI in developing public health messages, we analyze COVID-19 pro-vaccination messages generated by GPT-3, a state-of-the-art instantiation of a large language model. Study 1 is a systematic evaluation of GPT-3's ability to generate pro-vaccination messages. Study 2 then observed peoples' perceptions of curated GPT-3-generated messages compared to human-authored messages released by the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), finding that GPT-3 messages were perceived as more effective, stronger arguments, and evoked more positive attitudes than CDC messages. Finally, Study 3 assessed the role of source labels on perceived quality, finding that while participants preferred AI-generated messages, they expressed dispreference for messages that were labeled as AI-generated. The results suggest that, with human supervision, AI can be used to create effective public health messages, but that individuals prefer their public health messages to come from human institutions rather than AI sources. We propose best practices for assessing generative outputs of large language models in future social science research and ways health professionals can use AI systems to augment public health messaging.

The Role of Social Support in Disarming the Effects of Racial Microaggressions

Racial microaggressions are a significant source of stress for people of color. This study identified two support message features for disarming the effects of racial microaggressions and tested reasons for their effectiveness. In a between-groups design, Black/African Americans ( n = 387), and Asian Americans ( n = 374) evaluated a support message crafted by a friend in response to one of six racial microaggressions. Participants perceived high person-centered, racial identity-affirming, and combination support messages as more effective and collective self-esteem enhancing than low quality message versions. Person-centered emotional support and combination messages were partly related to enhanced collective self-esteem through cognitive reappraisal and reattribution, while racial identity affirmation message quality was partly related to enhanced collective self-esteem through reattribution. Conditional process analyses determined that indirect effects were not contingent on participants’ race. Practical and theoretical implications of studying support messages to address racial microaggressions are discussed.

Persuading managers to enact ideas in organizations: The role of voice message quality, peer endorsement, and peer opposition

SummaryWe extend research on employee voice by examining what persuades managers to enact voice messages communicated on organizations' idea management platforms (i.e., software systems designed to gather, vet, and enact employee voice). Applying the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion, we propose that voice message quality affects managerial voice enactment via peer endorsement and that peer opposition qualifies the latter effect. Specifically, we argue that peers are more likely to endorse higher‐ versus lower‐quality voice messages because they are attentive recipients who are motivated to support higher‐quality voice. In turn, we argue that managers are influenced by image concerns and legitimacy inferred by social proof, and thus, they will enact voice messages with higher levels of peer endorsement, especially when combined with lower opposition. Results of our archival analysis of over 5000 voice messages communicated on five organizations' idea management platforms support our predictions, such that peer endorsement mediates the relationship between voice message quality and managerial voice enactment, and that this relationship is stronger under conditions of lower versus higher peer opposition. Altogether, our research illuminates how voice messages on idea management platforms are endorsed and ultimately enacted by organizational leaders.

Social media influencers talk about politics: Investigating the role of source factors and PSR in Gen-Z followers’ perceived information quality, receptivity and sharing intention

ABSTRACT Afforded by the unprecedented interactivity of social media, social media influencers (SMI) can build strong and trusting relationships with their followers. Such connections carry great potential and may be a powerful asset for political campaigns. Drawing on the existing literature on parasocial relationships (PSR) and political persuasion, we examined the effect of source factors and PSR on followers’ perceived message quality, receptivity, and sharing intention in a political advocacy context. An online survey of 390 U.S. university students showed that, in general, SMIs who engage in sharing political messages would influence a young audience’s opinion formation. Our findings offered a unique and significant perspective: source characteristics of expertise, similarity, trustworthiness, attractiveness, and interactivity will foster parasocial relationships, which leads to a higher level of perceived information quality, and then further predicts higher receptivity toward the SMI’s political advocacy and elicits the followers’ sharing intention.

“Let’s Talk about Sex”: Expanding Advice Response Theory to Sexual Advice-Seeking

ABSTRACT Communicating about sex with close friends (i.e., support providers) can shape perceptions about sex and sexuality. Drawing from Advice Response Theory (ART) we considered support recipients’ dispositional traits (i.e., sexual sensation seeking) as an intervening variable on advice outcomes. Support recipients (N= 270) reported on support providers persuasive efforts, their trait sensation seeking, advice message content, and advice outcomes. Results indicated that support recipients evaluated advice message content based on their perceptions of altering and novel perspectives, and the quality of advice messages. Although recipients perceived that altering their perspectives influenced greater sensation seeking, novel sexual messages were perceived to be more efficacious, feasible, and with few limitations. Support providers who aimed to change recipients’ perspectives about sex were perceived to be less efficacious, and feasible to do. Theoretical and practical implications are provided.

Quality of Messages on Employee Engagement in Technical Training Institutions in Kenya

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to establish the effect of quality of messages on employee engagement in technical training institutions in Kenya. 
 Methodology: The study was conducted using survey research design. Study population was all the 3780 trainers in the 102 technical institutions in Kenya out of which a sample of 360 respondents was used. Stratified random sampling, random sampling and stratified proportionate random sampling technique design were employed. Data was collected using a questionnaire which had both closed-ended (Likert type scale 1-5) questions and open ended questions. Questionnaires were distributed to 360 respondents out of which 322 completed the questionnaires giving a response rate of 89.4%. Cronbach’s alpha was used to test for internal reliability of each variable used in the study. Data analysis was done by use of descriptive and inferential statistics.
 Findings: The findings of the study supported that quality of messages has a significant effect on employee engagement and hence, it is a predictor of employee engagement among the trainers of technical institutions in Kenya.
 Recommendation: This study recommends that there is need to improve the quality of messages as it significantly affects employee engagement in technical training institutions in Kenya. This can be done by ensuring that the messages are timely, accurate, adequate and complete.

Effective frequency of displaying the communication message to consumers of beer brand in digital media

Introduction. The research is devoted to the determination of effective display frequency of advertised communication messages to consumers in representative samples of the brewing industry to optimize the media budget. Materials and methods. The study is based on the scientific research of scientists on the development of beer market and digital economy, theories of advertisement message frequency, marketing research of brewing enterprises and their brands to determine the minimum range of effectiveness of advertised messages to beer consumers. Results and discussions. The frequency of displaying the communication message determines not only the effectiveness of appeals to the consumer, but also spending on media budget, however, currently there is no single point of view to this problem in scientific research. Both an insufficient amount of appeals and an excessive frequency lead to insufficient budget using. Effective frequency of the message influences not only on consumer’s purchasing behaviour and indicators of brand’s health but also allows to optimize media budget. Certainly, most media planners use the effective frequency strategy «three plus». In order to determine the frequency of communication with consumers for instruments of online-advancement of beer the modified Matrix of Ostrow is given. The blocks of factors of influence on beer promotion on the consumer market are improved, they are «Market factors», «Factors of quality of advertisement message», «General media factors». «Online media factors» block is added, where such indexes as description of placement the resources, use of social media, use of video formats, use of non-standard displays and formats, coverage of media channel, type of placement, accordance to general content of campaign are considered. Adaptation of the improved matrix took place on the example of the most beer brands of the market, for this reason the effective frequency of repetition of communication message and comparing to actual is carried out, that allowed to group brands into 4 groups from position of strategy of further charges to placement of advertised messages in the Internet. Conclusions. For planning the frequency of communication messages it is suggested to use the adapted matrix for determination the effective frequency communication with consumers of beer brands in order to optimize the media market.

Information Exposure and Information Overload as Antecedents of Crisis Communicative Responses and Coping: A Cross-Country Comparison

This study examines information exposure as the antecedent of different types of crisis response outcomes as well as the moderating influence of message quality and information overload in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that the pandemic has impacted the countries worldwide, we conducted a cross-country, two-wave survey in the United States and Taiwan. The results identified three types of media users based on their differential patterns of crisis information exposure—selective users, inclusive users, and cravers. Compared to selective users, inclusive users and cravers were more likely to engage in different types of communicative responses (i.e., information seeking and sharing, and information sharing without verification [ISWV]), which then helped them with support-seeking coping. In addition, information overload was the condition that influenced the extent to which inclusive users engaged in information seeking and sharing, and the subsequent coping. Cross-country differences were found such that information overload and ISWV played important roles in influencing crisis outcomes in the United States and Taiwan, respectively.

Integrating patient-centeredness into online patient-clinician communication: a qualitative analysis of clinicians' secure messaging usage.

PurposePatient-centered communication (PCC) in cancer care is helpful to nurture the patient-clinician relationship and respond to patients’ emotions. However, it is unknown how PCC is incorporated into electronic patient-clinician communication.MethodsIn-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews with clinicians were conducted to understand how PCC was integrated into asynchronous communication between patients and clinicians; otherwise, known as secure messaging. The constant comparative method was used to develop a codebook and formulate themes.ResultsTwenty clinicians in medical and radiation oncology participated in audio-recorded interviews. Three main themes addressed how clinicians incorporate PCC within messages: (1) being mindful of the patient-clinician relationship, (2) encouraging participation and partnership, and (3) responding promptly suggests accessibility and approachability. Clinicians recommended that patients could craft more effective messages by being specific, expressing concern, needs, and directness, summarized by the acronym S.E.N.D.ConclusionsClinicians value secure messaging to connect with patients and demonstrate their accessibility. They acknowledge that secure messaging can influence the patient-clinician relationship and make efforts to include considerate and supportive language. As secure messaging is increasingly relied upon for patient-clinician communication, patients’ message quality must improve to assist clinicians in being able to provide prompt responses inclusive of PCC.

The Impact of Green Advertising Information Quality Perception on Consumers’ Response: An Empirical Analysis

Green advertising is one of the important tools for companies to carry out marketing activities, and it is especially important for green brand owners to improve the persuasive effect of green advertising. Existing studies focus on the effectiveness of green advertising from the level of message content and message expression, but there is little research to assess the advertising effectiveness of green advertising being “well said” from the perspective of message quality. This article constructs a theoretical framework based on the theory of communication persuasion to assess the effect of perceived message quality on the consumer’s green response to green advertising. Study 1 constructs an econometric regression model by crawling unstructured data, such as green ad review texts through Python, and verifies that consumers’ green responses (green purchase intention and green sharing intention) are mainly influenced by green ad information usefulness, information attractiveness and information truthfulness. Study 2 further tested the direct role of perceived green advertising information quality on the consumer’s green response by constructing structural equation models with situational experimental data, and verified the mediating role of green competence trust and green value trust in the process of perceived green advertising information quality influence on the consumer’s green response. These findings provide a new theoretical perspective on the effectiveness of green advertising, while providing practical guidance for green brand owners to develop green advertising strategies and assess green advertising quality.

Targeted communication and race: explicating perceived message relevance

Objectives: Targeting is a communication strategy in which a message is designed to address a particular group. It has been postulated that targeting increases message relevance; however, researchers are still explicating relevance and its impact on downline cognitive processes (e.g. message quality, cognitive cost). The current study addresses both gaps by evaluating the impact of targeted materials for White and African American audiences. Design: Adult women (N = 266) aged 18-74 (Mage = 47.12, SD = 1.40) were recruited to participate in a 2 (targeting: multiracial, African American) × 2 (race: White participants, African American participants) × 2 (topic: Hypertension, Environmental Breast Cancer) message experiment. Results: Across both topics, African American participants in the African American condition had reduced cognitive costs, increased message clarity, and increased message relevance. An indirect serial mediation model was supported wherein the relationship between targeting and behavioral intention was mediated by perceived relevance and perceived message quality. Conclusion: Targeting enhances perceived message relevance which, in turn, impacts behavioral intentions via perceived message quality. This model is consistent with the postulates of relevance theory and informs both intervention design and evaluation.

Analisis Penerapan Strategi Attention, Interest, Desire dan Action pada Aplikasi Layanan Pospay

The implementation of the attention, interest, desire and action strategy or known as AIDA is a model that can convey the quality of a good message on a product, one of which is the Pospay financial application which is a new breakthrough from PT Pos Indonesia's digital transformation. Pospay implements an integrated direct payment system, known as SOPP (System Online Payment Point), where people can process financial transactions quickly. Starting from sending money, payment services and virtual accounts, bill payments. Up to digital transactions using the Quick Response Code Indonesia Standards (QRIS). The presence of Pospay aims to provide easy financial services to the public. The purpose of this study was to analyze the application of the AIDA strategy to the Pospay application at PT Pos Indonesia KCU Malang. The research method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that the application of the AIDA strategy to the Pospay financial application at PT Pos Indonesia KCU Malang was the right strategy, especially Pospay was one of the new innovations that made it easier for the public to make financial transactions and PT Pos Indonesia KCU Malang continued to make efforts to introduce the Pospay application with the AIDA study.