Quality Of Grain Research Articles

Nitrogen and Nickel Foliar Application on Grain yield, Yield Components, and Quality of Soybean

ABSTRACT Foliar fertilization with nitrogen (N) and nickel (Ni) at the end of the vegetative stage can decrease the abortion of flowers and pods of the plants and increase the productivity and protein content of soybean. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of N and Ni foliar application on the yield components and oil and protein content in soybean. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with six treatments (control [only inoculation], urea, ammonium sulfate [AS], nickel chloride [NiCl2], NiCl2+ AS, and NiCl2+ urea) and five replicates. Foliar application with urea increased the soybean grain yield (GY) by 46%, whereas the NiCl2 foliar application or NiCl2+ urea and NiCl2+ AS applications decreased the GY, shoot dry weight (SDW), weight of pods per pot, root volume, and grain size. N (AS and urea) and NiCl2 foliar applications had no effect on the oil and protein content in the grains, and application of 60 g ha−1 of Ni (132.4 g of NiCl2) caused a toxic effect on the plants and negatively influenced the GY and quality of grains.

Developing a statistical model for the active ventilation of a grain layer with high moisture content

The most important stage in the technological operations for grain production is its post-harvest processing. At this stage, the quality of the grain masses is lost because the temperature condition inside bulk grain is almost never checked during temporary storage. In order to increase the technological efficiency of primary grain processing and storage, an installation has been designed that could preserve the quality of grain at low-capacity enterprises or during temporary storage. As the self-heating of grain during storage is a serious issue, the installation would also help solve the problem related to the temporary lack of storage facilities. Thus, using active grain ventilation makes it possible to improve the resistance of grain masses to storage. The available body of research into energy-saving drying processes, active ventilation, and purification of grain from light impurities mainly resolve highly specialized technological tasks. Of interest are those studies that aim to design and implement the rational equipment structure for the active ventilation and cleaning of grain from light impurities, which make it possible to practically execute non-stationary modes. This paper considers the efficiency of active ventilation and the reduction of energy costs depending on the installation's structural parameters; specifically, the height of the chamber and the speed of supply of warm air are selected. The height of the working chamber of 1 m and the air velocity of 1.1–1.4 m/s have been experimentally proven and theoretically substantiated.

Hermetic storage technologies preserve maize seed quality and minimize grain quality loss in smallholder farming systems in Mexico

Reducing maize postharvest storage losses is a challenge for millions of smallholder farmers in Mexico. A previous study documented the effects of storage technologies on stored grain losses. The current study follows up on those experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of diverse storage technologies — polypropylene bags with and/or without insecticide, hermetic metal silos, hermetic bags, recycled plastic containers, silage plastic bags, micronized lime, and standard lime — in maintaining grain and seed quality during 2017 and 2018 at six sites: three agroecologies below 500 m above sea level (masl) and three agroecologies above 2000 masl. Maize samples stored using each of the above technologies were collected before and after six months of storage. Pest-free samples were analyzed for grain composition (starch, protein, oil, ether extracts, polyphenols contents), selected physicochemical parameters (fat acidity, an indicator of biochemical changes during storage; hundred kernel weight; flotation index, an indirect parameter of grain density; color; and germination. Storage technologies did significantly affect macronutrient content, but the quality of grain stored under non-hermetic conditions was reduced, as reflected in significantly increased fat acidity and flotation index. Seed germination was less affected by the type of storage technology at sites above 2000 masl but a significant effect was observed at sites below 500 masl. On average, the germination capacity of seed stored using non-hermetic technologies (polypropylene bags with or without insecticide or lime) dropped 56% at lowland sites, as compared to 2.8% for seed stored using hermetic metal silos or hermetic bags. Airtight technologies also minimized quality losses by reducing metabolic activities. By limiting insect and fungi infestation and reducing quantity and quality degradation in stored maize, hermetic technologies can contribute to Mexican smallholder farmers' food security.

Pathogenic mycobiot of seeds of cereal crops under the influence of different growing technologies

One of the important factors in obtaining quality seeds of cereals is the technology of cultivation, which should ensure high yields and quality of grain and be safe for the environment. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the impact of different growing technologies on the pathogenic microflora of the seeds winter wheat and oats. It was established that on the seeds of winter wheat of the variety Oberig Myronivskyi according to the traditional growing technology 7 genera of phytopathogenic micromycetes parasitized such as Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Acremoniella spp., Bipolaris spp., Penicillium spp., Cladosporim spp., which were characterized by different frequency of occurrence from 10% to 60%. On the seeds of oat variety Timbre we identified such phytopathogenic micromycetes as Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Chaetomiums spp., Drechslera spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., where their frequency of occurrence was from 10 to 50%. The highest frequency of occurrence the seeds winter wheat and oats by traditional growing technologies was characterized by genera Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. This can create a significant problem when storing seeds and suppress its germination. Under organic growing technology on winter wheat seeds of the variety Oberig Myronivskyi micromycetes of the following genera: Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Chaetomiums spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., Bipolaris spp. were identified, where their frequency of occurrence was from 25 to 50%. On the seeds of oats of the variety Timbre there were micromycetes of genera: Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Chaetomiums spp., Drechslera spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp. with frequency of occurrence from 10 to 50%. The dominant genus was Trichoderma spp. Fungi of this genus have the ability to multiply rapidly, which will compete with other microorganisms. The growing technology of cereal affect not only the number and frequency of occurrence phytopathogenic micromycetes on seeds, but also sporulation and their reproductive structures. It was found that the seeds of winter wheat and oats, in the conditions of traditional growing technology, the similarity of micromycetes was 56%. At the same time, the coefficient similarity of species the phytopathogenic micromycetes on the seeds of the studied crops, in terms of organic technology, was slightly higher and amounted to 63%. The analyzed indicators, such as the frequency of occurrence and the similarity coefficient, make it possible to evaluate the seeds of growing plant varieties in order to avoid biological contamination of agrocenoses with infectious structures of the phytopathogenic micromycetes.

Features of the change in the technological quality of wheat grain during storage

The quality of the grain depends on many factors. The main factors affecting the technological quality of grain are the relative humidity, temperature and duration of storage. The article examines the grain quality of winter wheat varieties Odesskaya 267, Belgorodskaya 16, Moskovskaya 39 immediately after harvesting, as well as during storage for three months. The quality of the grain was determined by the main technological indicators: the mass fraction of gluten, its quality, the falling number. It was found that the quality of grain of all studied varieties improves during storage. The main changes in grain quality in terms of the mass fraction of gluten, its quality, and the falling number occur in the first 1.5 months of grain storage due to the completion of the synthesis processes.

The effect of treatment of various strains of Bacillus subtilis on the productivity of winter wheat

In the conditions of the Rostov region of the Russian Federation on ordinary micellar-carbonate chernozems, the effect of Bacillus subtilis strains during the processing of winter wheat seeds on the productivity and quality of grain of the zoned varieties Grom and Kalym was studied. The issues of influence of strains 10-VISR, IPM 215, VKM-V-2605D and 26D on field germination of seeds, winter hardiness and survival of plants for harvesting are considered. The analysis of the dependence of the structure of the yield and the yield of wheat varieties on the Bacillus subtilis strain is given. It was found that the treatment of seeds with the studied strains increases the germination rate for the Kalym variety by 0.9-3.4%, and for the Grom variety by 3.8-5.8% in comparison with the chemical dressing agent based on Tebuconazole. The increase in winter hardiness of the Kalym variety was 3.3-5.0%. Productive bushiness increased by 8-24% for the Grom variety and by 6-21% for the Kalym variety. It was revealed that the maximum weight of 1000 grains per spike was when the seeds were treated with the VKM-V-2605D strain. In general, the greatest influence on the productivity of winter wheat was exerted by seed dressing with the Bacillus subtilis VKM-V-2605D strain - the grain yield of the Grom variety increased by 1.27 t / ha, the Kalym variety - by 2.16 t / ha, the profitability of grain production reached 119- 187%.

Cultivation of leguminous crops of chickpeas and ways to increase the yield and quality of grain in the arid steppe of the Urals

The article discusses the data of field experiments on the cultivation of chickpea with the use of mineral fertilizers and biological products. Chickpea, for the dry steppe of the Ural region of Kazakhstan, is a good drought-resistant crop to ensure stable grain yields with a high protein content. Experiments in 2012-2014 showed that the yield of the crop was in the range from 0.78 t / ha in the control variant to 1.16 t / ha, where the strain H-27 was applied according to the background of the applied fertilizers N20P20. From the use of only one strains of the genus Rhizobium, the increase in yield, on average for the options, amounted to 0.17 t / ha (21.7%), according to the background of mineral fertilizers from 0.22 to 0.38 t / ha. In 2015-2017 the yield from the use of mineral fertilizers and microbial preparations increased by 0.74-1.12 t / ha, or by 22-51%. The increase from nitrogen fertilization is 8-12%, from microbial preparations - 6-12%. With the combined use of nitrogen fertilizer and Rhizoagrin or Flavobacterin preparations, the yield increased by almost 50%, as well as with the combined use of microbial preparations. An increase in the protein content of grain is associated with the use of nitrogen fertilization and the use of biological products for inoculating seeds, since these factors improve the nitrogen nutrition of plants.

Effect of different Agromeliorants on Yield and Quality of Spring Wheat

The task of this work wass to assess the impact of new organo-mineral complex based on peat Gumiton, enriched with trace elements (B, Mo, Mn), on the yield and quality of spring wheat, including under conditions of technogenic soil pollution. In a series of field experiments on various types of soils of the Kaluga Region and the Republic of Tatarstan of Russia in farms of various forms of ownership, it was shown that the treatment of spring wheat crops of various varieties with Gumiton in various phases of plant development contributed to an increase in yield by 15-25%. Under the conditions of the growing experiment on soddy-podzolic sandy loam soil, double Gumiton treatment of spring wheat crops of Rima variety increases the B content in the grain to 1.4; Mo-by 1.3 times relative to the variants without the use of the drug. Gumiton reduces the accumulation of Cd in grain up to 1.2 times and improves zootechnical indicators of grain-increases the protein content by 0.9%, fat - up to 0.6%. Gumiton is a highly effective complex for use in spring wheat cultivation technologies, which increases the yield and quality of grain and reduces the accumulation of pollutants (heavy metals).

Is it Sustainable to Cultivate a Monoculture of Durum Wheat with Prolonged No-Tillage Management?

The prolonged effect of no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) treatment on durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), continuously grown in Southern Italy, has been evaluated in experimental fields for sixteen years (1994/95-2009/10) to ascertain whether the yields and quality of the grain as well as some soil characteristics had changed. The average grain yield in CT (2.70 ± 0.96 t ha-1) and NT (2.63 ± 0.74 t ha-1) treatment was not significant. CT treatment showed higher values of plant height and grain weight (74.2 cm and 43.2 g) than NT (71.0 cm and 41.8 g). Regarding to the semolina quality, the values of the gluten index and the dough strength (W parameter) as well as the protein content and the yellow index were not significantly different for the NT and CT treatments. As for soil moisture, the NT treatment stored in the soil profile, and over time, about 13% more water than the CT one. In the upper soil layer of the NT treatment the SOC value (16.0 ± 2.2 g kg-1) was 13.2% higher than CT one (14.2 ± 1.2 g kg-1) while the CT treatment (13.7 ± 0.5 g kg-1) showed in the lower soil layer a SOC value of 30.2% higher than the NT one (9.6 ± 1.9 g kg-1). Hence the prolonged no-tillage adoption in conditions of continuous durum wheat cultivation, even with slight losses in yield but not in the quality of grain or semolina, would seem sustainable.

PRE-SOWING STIMULATION OF WHEAT SEED GROWTH BY INFRARED RADIATION

Wheat production is the most common edible crop in the world, accounting for one third of the world’s diet. Therefore, the main thesis of the development of modern crop production in Ukraine is to reduce costs and introduce innovative technologies for the production of quality wheat. The quality of grain and seed depends on many factors, namely: agro-climatic conditions, sowing condition of the seed material, quality characteristics of the soil, yielding properties of seeds, pre-sowing seed treatment. etc. For this purpose, the photosynthesis and intensity of photosynthesis need to be limited to the width of the leaf and the height of the leaves by a smaller cut of the stem. It is extremely important to ensure that the head and side pagons of wheat are in good condition. All parameters are often secured by the technology of grain preparation before delivery. Prior to this technology, it is possible to introduce processing of the material in the form for the development of the material. This article presents the effectiveness of the use of infrared irradiation for the pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds in Sekobra Research, Germany.

Lodging Rice Resistant : Identification on MorphoPhysiological Paddy Stems Falling Factor in Different Planting Methods

Due to the extreme weather that hit throughout the year resulted in the threat of rice plants falling down. It was known that the fall of rice plants was a limiting factor for obtaining high yields and quality of grain. Therefore, it was considered important to evaluate the resistance to fall in the general methods of planting rice in the area. Those were transplanting planting (TP) and direct seed planting (TBL). Based on this objective, we identified the morphophysiology of rice stems in the laying factor of 2 planting methods commonly used by farming communities, namely transplanting planting and direct seed planting. Identification was carried out by observing the morphology and physiology of the rice stalks, the laying index and the level of fall of rice plants in each planting method (TP and TBL). The result of the research was that the direct seed planting method (TBL) tends to show morphophysiological identification results that were not resistant to falling compared to the transplanting method (TP). The laying rate shown by TBL was accounting for 75.5% while transplanting (TP) was only 5.7% of the experimental unit area. Significant differences were observed in plant height, stem length, center of gravity height, laying index, laying level, stem internode length, stem internode width, bending moment and bending stress of the stem. In the experiment, it was also found that the grain was damaged due to the fall of the rice plant when the rice fields were flooded. Therefore, it is important to carry out agronomic management as part of sustainable mitigation of the risk of falling rice plants to support national food security

Plant protection of a new variety of spring weat Marsianka

The results of the study of the effect of seed dressers and herbicides on the yield and economic efficiency of the new variety of spring wheat Marsianka are presented. The experimentation, observations and registrations were carried out according to generally accepted methods. In the tillering phase of wheat, the incidence of root rot was 22% lower in crops with dressed seed. In the experiment a higher retention of yield from the disease 77.5% and an increase of 0.38 t/ha were obtained in the variant with the preparation Maxim Plus, VSK with the rate of 1.5 l/t. Using the preparations Maxim Plus, VSK and Vial TrasT, VSK (0.4 l/t), grain unit increased to 799 g/l, vitreousness - to 65.4%, 1000 seed weight - to 38.6 g, protein content - to 16.2%, gluten content in grain - to 36.0%. Vial TrasT, VSK provided better economic performance: net income increased by 23.3%, the cost per tonne of grain decreased by 9.1% and profitability increased by 20.2%. Crop treatment in tillering phase with a tank mixture of herbicides Lastik TOP, MKE (dose 0.4 l/ ha) and Magnum, VDG (0.008 kg/ha) resulted in the highest yield in the experiment 3.63 t/ha with improved quality of grain (natural weight 798 g/l, vitreousness 67.9%, grain protein content 17.3%). The herbicide Lancelot 450, VDG and the tank mixture Puma Super 100, KE + Pruner Turbo, MD ensured a weight of 38.1 g and a gluten content of 34.7%. Crops treated with the herbicide Lancelot 450, VDG, the tank mixtures Lastik TOP, ME + Magnum, VDG and Balerina, SE + Mortira, VDG provided the highest net income of 15,200-15,300 p/ha. A maximum profitability of 116.9% and a minimum cost of 3,688.66 p/t were obtained from the use of Greneri, VDG.

Methodological fundamentals for obtaining high quality food grain and increasing the yield of winter wheat in crop rotations of Central Chernozem Region

The increase in the production and application of organic and mineral fertilizers, the cultivation of crops using intensive technology require the balance of the elements of productivity at the highest level. One of the leading places among them is occupied by plant nutrition. The intensive technology is characterized not only by a high level of fertilization, but also by the exact adherence to the rates, timing and methods of application. The ultimate goal of the intensive technology is not only to increase yields and improve the quality of winter wheat grain, but also to maintain or increase soil fertility. It was found that fertilizers improved the quality of wheat grain in all years of the study. Fractional application of nitrogen led to an increase in the content of protein and gluten in the grain in all the studied links of crop rotations. In increasing the yield of agricultural crops and the quality of grain, the development of scientifically substantiated crop rotations with correct alternation of crops in them in relation to specific soil and climatic conditions is by no means unimportant. Crop rotations also influence the elements of soil fertility. Changes in the structure of sown areas should be carried out taking into account the need to increase the area under high-yielding crops, both grain and row crops.

Продуктивность озимой пшеницы в зависимости от сроков применения биопрепаратов

This work is one of the stages of solving the problem associated with the need to radically change the existing fertilizer system, which for many years has not justified itself due to the loss of soil fertility and deterioration of its structure. In recent years, biological preparations have been used to solve this problem, which, due to the activity of microorganisms, can improve the mechanism of assimilation by the root system of hard-to-reach nutrients from the soil. As a result, the choice of a biological product and the parameters of its effective use seem relevant. The purpose of the work is to develop resource-saving agricultural techniques based on the use of fertilizers and new generation biological products to increase productivity and quality indicators of products. The objects of research were: sowing of winter wheat "Bezostaya 100", biological products: MERS – 0.5 l/ ha; Humate 7, Bioplant flora and PILES of 1.0 l/ ha. The research was carried out in the fields of the Chechen Research Institute according to generally accepted recommendations. The soil of the experimental site is leached chernozem with underlying pebbles, with a humus content of 4.2%. The reaction of the soil solution is close to neutral (pH 6.9). The content of gross nitrogen and mobile phosphorus is average, the content of exchangeable potassium is increased. Studies have revealed that almost all the biologics used in the experiment had a positive effect on the productivity and quality of grain. Pre-sowing seed treatment increased the yield by an average of 13%. Spraying of crops with bioplant Flora and MERS in the tillering phase increased grain yield by 26.1 and 28.3%, and the maximum grain yield of 6.1 t /ha, exceeding the control by 32.6%, was obtained using the preparation NAGRO. A noticeable improvement in the baking qualities of grain, including gluten, was observed with the use of biopreparations in the earing phase.

ОЦЕНКА КАЧЕСТВА ЗЕРНА СОРТОВ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ С ФИОЛЕТОВОЙ ОКРАСКОЙ ЗЕРНА В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦРНЗ

The article presents the results of the study of the baking qualities of grain of three varieties of soft spring wheat characterized by by purple grain colouring, and the red grain standard of Zlata in the conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone. The years of the study were characterized by contrasting meteorological conditions – excessively humid year 2020 and arid year 2021. Protein content was determined using a spectrophotometer. Gluten was washed manually. Bread baking was carried out according to the modified methodology of the State Commission for Testing and Protection of Breeding Achievements. The allelic composition of high molecular weight glutenins was carried out by electrophoresis according to Singh et al., (1991) in the modification of Branlard et al. (2001). It has been found that all varieties of spring wheat with purple grain colouring are not inferior in quality to the standard, differing from it by two alleles of high-molecular glutenins, affecting the stability of manifestation of baking qualities by year. The quality of the grain is highly dependent on the meteorological conditions of the growing season. All the studied varieties of spring wheat with a purple grain colouring are able to form a grain suitable for baking in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone. The quantitative protein and crude gluten content in grain varies by year, but is not inferior to the standard. The quality of gluten varied within groups I and II. At the same time, the gluten was stronger under drought conditions. All varieties showed a high potential of bread volume yield – at or above the standard. The low score of the general bakery evaluation is explained by inclusions of purple bran particles, which caused a darker colouring of the crumb. The positive correlation between the volume yield of bread and the protein content was stronger in the year with reduced protein content in grain.

НОВЫЙ СОРТ ОЗИМОЙ РЖИ БЕЗЕНЧУКСКАЯ 110 С РЕЦЕССИВНО-ПОЛИГЕННЫМ ТИПОМ КОРОТКОСТЕБЕЛЬНОСТИ ДЛЯ ЗОНЫ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

The results of breeding for winter rye in recent years in experiments located on the chernozem of the ordinary steppe Volga region are presented. The characteristic of the new variety Bezenchukskaya 110 is given. In the nursery of competitive variety testing, the average yield (2015-2019) of grain of this variety was 4.36 t/ ha, which is 0.35 t/ha more than that of Bezenchuk 87. The high quality of grain makes it possible to use the Bezenchukskaya 110 variety both in the bakery and in the feed industry. Based on research, it has been established that the most rational way in the breeding process is the formation of a complex hybrid population based on its adaptive properties by means of strict selection of the starting material with directional polytopcross, using individual-family and family-group selections by the method of halves. According to the results of the correlation analysis, it was revealed that precipitation at the end of the spring and beginning of the summer vegetation period is one of the leading external factors of plant growth and development and largely determines the productivity of winter rye. The yield also depends on the amount of precipitation per year, on the temperature regime and the duration of the dry period in May and June. Grain quality is largely determined by the temperature regime and the intensity of precipitation during the grain filling period. Varieties with a polygenic recessive type of plant height control are most adapted to the arid conditions of the Middle Volga region.

Trait collection of spring durum wheat by pasta properties as a source of valuable starting material for breeding

Aim. To evaluate the genetic diversity of spring durum wheat accessions, to systematize them, to select reference accessions for pasta qualities and valuable economic traits, and to form a trait collection. Results and Discussion. 2016-2019 studies resulted in the trait collection by pasta qualities based on the genetic diversity of spring durum wheat accessions from the NCPGRU collection. The trait collection comprises 64 accessions from 11 countries (including 17 Ukrainian accessions; the foreign ones were received from the following countries: 22 accessions from Kazakhstan; nine – from Russia; three – from Italy; three – from France; three – from Azerbaijan; two – from Canada; Belarus, USA, Syria, and Albania provided one accessions each). The collection accessions represent one botanical species (Triticum durum Desf.) and seven varieties (var. falcatimelanopus, var. hordeiforme, var. leucomelan, var. leucurum, var. melanopus, var. muticohordeiforme, var. rubriprovinciale). The collection was formed by 20 traits, including; in addition to the main indicators of pasta qualities of grain (vitreousness, flour and pasta color, weight increase, volume increase, cooking loss, total pasta score), valuable economic traits were also studied: growing period, performance, plant height, resistance to diseases and lodging, thousand kernel weight, protein content in grain and flour. Eleven spring durum wheat accessions with high pasta qualities (the total score of 7.0-9.0 points) were identified: Meisa, Nadiusha, МІП Kseniia (UKR), Omskaia Biriuza, Dar Chernozemia 2 (RUS), Rozaliia (BLR), Boshak, Kustanayskaia 1, Asangaly 20 (KAZ), Valdyur (FRA), and Capeiti 8 (ITA). The collection comprises 12 valuable accessions registered with the NCPGRU: Kharkivska 27, Kharkivska 39, Terra, MIP Raiduzhna, Damsinskaia 40, Valnova, Capeiti 8, Senatore Cappelli, etc. Conclusions. Decline in the spring durum wheat area in Ukraine leads to the production of pasta mainly from bread wheat flour or from imported raw materials. Our research is focused on solving this problem. The trait collection by pasta qualities is of significant value for science and production. It is starting material to breed new productive cultivars with high grain quality and a set of important economic characteristics.

Elválasztástechnikai módszerek fejlesztése növényi fehérjék és szénhidrátok komplex jellemzésére

In the Research Group of Cereal Science and Food Quality at the Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science of BME, separation technique has been part of the methods used for the complex quality assessment of food and food ingredients for a long time. Our colleagues working in our current and predecessor department achieved serious results with the help of their separation technique methods, for example in the analysis of protein and carbohydrate composition, analysis of lipids (fatty acids), quantitative and qualitative evaluation of biogenic amines and amino acids, etc. In addition to determining the composition of the raw material, the impact of different molecules on quality and technological properties was always an important question. It was always possible to investigate this using the modern tools and methods of the time, so the application of gel chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and electrophoretic techniques determined the quality of both research and education. In recent years, the research group has mainly dealt with the quality of grains, their composition, their technological potential and their evaluation from a food safety aspect. For the research of these areas, molecular level (mainly protein and fibre composition) examinations have become essential, for which modern electrophoretic and chromatographic methods are excellent tools. However, their proper application is a great challenge, because in most cases, serious method development and/or method adaptation and partial validation tasks are required for their routine use. In the following, we provide a brief overview of the projects and results achieved in our research group in the field of separation techniques through a few application examples.

Evaluation of spring soft wheat varieties of various ecological and geographical origin in terms of yield and the formation of physical qualities of grain in the conditions of CRNZ

Evaluation of spring soft wheat varieties of various ecological and geographical origin in terms of yield and the formation of physical qualities of grain in the conditions of CRNZ

Influence of Management Automation on Managerial Decision-making in the Agro-Industrial Complex

The preservation and rational use of the grown harvest, obtaining the maximum product output from raw materials today is one of the most important state tasks. Automation of production processes is the main area in which production is currently advancing around the world. Everything that was previously performed by the person himself, his functions, not only physical but also intellectual, are gradually transferred to automation systems that perform technological cycles and exercise control over them. The purpose of the article is to analyze the effect of automation on the ability to store grain in elevators. The main research question is what factors should be considered when introducing an automation system into the grain storage process at elevators to improve the efficiency of process control at enterprises. To solve the question posed, a qualitative study was conducted using the method of an expert survey. The article reveals the factors that affect the quality of grain; the tasks implemented in the computerized process control system (CPCS) and management information and control system (MICS); the factors that hinder the grain elevator automation; the tasks solved by the automation of grain elevators in the framework of autonomous subsystems and integrated automatic control systems (ACS). It is concluded that the implementation of automation in the process of grain storage in elevators leads to an increase in grain quality, increased productivity, reduction or elimination of losses caused by theft and the peculiarities of grain storage, saving energy resources, minimizing the impact of the human factor, as well as the risks of accidents. At that, the inclusion of non-standard tools in the MICS and CPCS makes it easier to solve several current automation problems. Creating standard problem-oriented complexes of responsible decision-makers based on an integrated ACS, with the inclusion of certified object-oriented non-standard tools in their composition, is the most rational way to further improve the efficiency of the automated control system of the industry.