Qualitative Research Research Articles

The role of principal leadership in developing levels of resilience: a private senior secondary school ethnographic study

This research is motivated by the level of school resilience which is not yet good, so school principals must increase school resilience with their leadership. Therefore, this research aims to analyze and describe the leadership of school principals in setting direction, developing human resources, and redesigning organizations to increase school resilience. The method used in this research is qualitative research with an ethnographic approach, which helps provide an in-depth and detailed picture of the school's daily habits in implementing school resilience. This research uses data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and documentation by carrying out data analysis techniques using description, analysis and interpretation. The results of this research explain that in carrying out the three leadership roles of the school principal, namely setting direction, developing people, and redesigning the organization, through school habits (culture), private schools will be able to create a level of resilience in the school environment. Even in unfavorable conditions, school principals can survive by carrying out leadership roles using existing school habits.

Philosophical analysis of Mortimer J. Adler's Christian education and global education management

The present research shows the absurdity of education, especially education management, in the posthumanist schema. Posthumanists seem to want to form their own group, but researchers see that posthumanism is not new, especially in the world of education. Philosopher Mortimer J. Adler, in the framework of perennialism, shows the structure of education, especially in America, which, according to researchers, is relevant in Indonesia. Research findings are based on qualitative research with data retrieval methods from literature studies. Results showed that Mortimer J. Adler's philosophical thinking emphasizes the expansion of education management in both depth and fragility by and through learners, parents, teachers and related parties in the mecca of an independent curriculum.

Navigating qualitative field research on contraception in Algeria

Navigating qualitative field research on contraception in Algeria

Microlevel analysis of how itinerant immigrant entrepreneurs underwrite local economic development in an African city

ABSTRACT Itinerant merchants are actively involved in various economic activities within and around African cities, albeit on a small scale. However, there remains a gap in understanding their contribution to host cities’ local economic development (LED). This research aims to fill this gap by examining how itinerant immigrant retailers support LED in host cities, using Wa in Ghana. Recognising their role is essential for informing location-specific development plans to boost local economies. Employing a qualitative research approach, we interviewed 52 participants, including itinerant immigrants, city residents, and officials from relevant state agencies. Thematic analysis using NVivo version 11 was employed to analyse the responses. Itinerant merchants play a crucial role in local economies by creating employment opportunities, providing income sources for residents, ensuring convenient access to goods and services, and contributing to market diversification. We discuss how these insights could inform LED policies and planning in sub-Saharan Africa.

Teachers with a refugee background work as educators in Germany

This study's focus is to determine refugee teachers' views regarding their ability to work as teachers in Germany, their initiatives, and the challenges they face. In this context, the study was conducted based on qualitative research methodology. In order to collect data a total of 265 teachers residing in the 16 states of Germany were reached. Upon examining the results, it is observed that the majority of participants express a desire to work as teachers in Germany, while only a few have actually obtained the opportunity to work as teachers in Germany. More than half of the participants who are currently working as teachers reside in the North Rhine-Westphalia state. When analyzing the results, it becomes evident that a significant portion of the participants are strongly inclined to pursue a teaching career in Germany. However, the data reveals that the actual attainment of employment as teacher in Germany remains relatively low among the respondents. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that a majority of the teachers currently employed in the profession are concentrated in the North Rhine-Westphalia state.

Enhancing Emotional Intelligence of Adult Learners in Online EFL Teaching: Insights from Vietnamese Educators

This study investigates the strategies employed by Vietnamese EFL teachers to enhance emotional intelligence (EI) in adult learners within online learning environments. Utilizing a qualitative research design grounded in Mayer and Salovey’s model of emotional intelligence and Knowles’s theory of andragogy, the study involved semi-structured interviews with ten EFL teachers from two Vietnamese educational institutions. The thematic analysis of the interview data revealed several key strategies: reflective practices, interactive activities, technology integration, personalized feedback, collaborative learning, integration of real-life scenarios, self-awareness activities, development of emotional vocabulary, and creation of emotionally supportive environments. The findings illustrate a multifaceted approach to enhancing EI in online language education, highlighting the innovative adaptation of traditional classroom strategies to the digital realm. The study’s unique contribution lies in its focus on the Vietnamese context, providing insights into how cultural nuances shape online teaching strategies for EI enhancement. The implications of these findings are significant for the field of EFL education, suggesting the need for holistic teaching approaches that integrate emotional competencies alongside linguistic skills.

“Us versus Them”: is the voice of the community heard when planning communication screening programmes for preschoolers?

ObjectivesCommunity consultation is necessary to ensure the uptake and use of community-based screening intervention to detect early childhood disabilities, as its absence can result in poor service acceptance and usage. To document stakeholders' perspectives regarding planning a community-based communication disorder (an impairment in the ability to receive, send, process and comprehend concepts or verbal, non-verbal and graphic symbol systems) screening programmes for pre-schoolers. Study designThis qualitative research design used purposive and random sampling to recruit 46 participants from eThekwini Municipality, South Africa. These stakeholders consisted of caregivers/parents of children who underwent screening for communication disorders, People who are Deaf, their parents, early childhood development practitioners, health professionals and government officials involved with children with disabilities. All participants were adults aged between 19 and 79 years, with an average age of 39.7 years. MethodsData was collected through focus group discussions and individual interviews, which were thematically analysed. ResultsThe four emergent themes were screening approaches, methods, location and personnel. Service users expected greater access to screening and reliable tests to identify problems by trained personnel at sites within the community. Service providers preferred a targeted approach to screening with parental input. Task shifting and sharing were seen as a solution to address staff shortages and provide services at health facilities, as resource constraints made it challenging to provide outreach services. ConclusionStakeholder engagement revealed diverging views between service users and providers, with implications for programme provision and uptake. There is a need for ongoing, inclusive discussion to ensure consensus during the planning stage, in order to render services that address issues of equity and accessibility for people with disabilities in marginalised communities.

Managerial ethical principles and behaviours for nurse managers: A Delphi method.

Managerial ethical principles and behaviours guide the roles, duties, responsibilities, behaviours, and relationships of nurse managers in healthcare institutions. The aim of this study was to establish the managerial ethical principles and behaviours for nurse managers. What are the managerial ethical principles and behaviours for nurse managers? The Delphi method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in this study. The Delphi process consisted of two rounds. Data were collected by e-Delphi technique. 42 experts were included in the first Delphi round and 39 in the second Delphi round. These experts consisted of nurse managers, academicians studying in the field of ethics and nursing management. Participation in the study was voluntary and informed consent of the experts was obtained before the study. Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the university at which the researcher worked (Approval date: 24.07.2020, Decision No: 2020/12-16). At the end of the Delphi rounds, eight managerial ethical principles and 29 ethical behaviours of these principles were identified. The distribution of these behaviours and principles were: justice (six behaviours), equality (two behaviours), honesty (two behaviours), fairness (two behaviours), responsibility (eight behaviours), confidentiality (two behaviours), clarity (two behaviours), and humanity (five behaviours). These managerial ethical principles and behaviours are intended to guide nurse managers when providing nursing services but should be updated accordingly in line with changing conditions and developments.

Sustainable Business Strategies: Exploring the Role of Corporate Social Responsibility and Virtual Reality in Enhancing Brand Value

This study explores the intersection of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in developing sustainable business strategies that enhance brand value. Employing a qualitative research methodology through a comprehensive literature review and library research, the paper investigates how CSR initiatives, when integrated with immersive VR technologies, contribute to long-term brand equity and consumer engagement. The research highlights CSR's evolving role in aligning corporate activities with social and environmental goals, which not only strengthens stakeholder relationships but also increases brand loyalty. In parallel, VR technologies are gaining traction in marketing and brand communication, offering immersive experiences that create deeper emotional connections with consumers. The study analyzes recent case studies and academic discussions, illustrating how VR can enhance CSR's impact by making initiatives more accessible and engaging to a broader audience. This synergy between CSR and VR not only fosters a stronger brand identity but also provides a competitive advantage by differentiating brands in an increasingly socially conscious marketplace. The findings suggest that businesses leveraging CSR strategies alongside VR can cultivate a sustainable brand narrative that resonates with both customers and stakeholders, thereby improving overall brand value and driving sustainable growth. Future research is encouraged to further examine specific industries where these strategies can be most effectively implemented.

Beyond Verification: The Evolving Role of Fact-Checking Organisations in Media Beyond Verification: The Evolving Role of Fact-Checking Organisations in Media Literacy Education for YouthEducation for Youth

This research investigates the crucial role of fact-checking organisations in promoting media and information literacy (MIL) amid the challenges of widespread misinformation. By educating and empowering individuals, these organisations and their educational branches are identified as emerging components within MIL ecosystems, particularly focusing on engaging youth. Using qualitative research methods, our study analyses the activities of seven prominent fact-checking organisations and two university-affiliated projects across Spain, Catalonia, Poland, Hong Kong, the Philippines, Argentina, and Brazil. Thus, our study aims to understand why fact-checking organisations have become involved in MIL education and training for youth and what types of MIL, approaches, and subjects fact-checking organisations employ in their MIL education and training initiatives for this audience. Our findings reveal a shift in these organisations toward actively promoting MIL education through dedicated divisions and teams driven by mission-oriented action and peer collaboration. Various institutions and political and educational policies support or hinder this transformation. A significant issue observed is the limited availability of open-access materials and general opacity regarding their pedagogical approaches. Although these organisations have integrated educational components into their models, achieving financial sustainability remains challenging.

Evaluating the Role of Community Resource Person in the Establishment of the Startup Village Entrepreneurship Programme (SVEP) Ecosystem in West Bengal

The role of CRP-EPs (Community Recourse Persons for Enterprise Promotion) in Bolpur-Sriniketan and Simlapal blocks of West Bengal was analysed based on mixed quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. The selection process for CRP-EPs is an essential part of the success of the Startup Village Entrepreneurship Programme (SVEP). The performance of CRP-EPs is measured by their maximum support to entrepreneurs in receiving the CEF Loan, its repayment, and the and the business facilitation for market linkage and bank linkage under the SVEP-Programme. The support is not limited to promotion but focuses on identifying potential entrepreneurs from the beginning with training, market, financial linkages, etc. In both blocks, entrepreneurs are using the retailer market as a mode of marketing, followed by wholesalers and other modes of marketing for business. Facebook, followed by WhatsApp and Instagram, is the online mode of marketing for entrepreneurs, guided by both CRP-EPs and the BRC (Block Resource Centre) Committee.

Future workforce skills for hospitality and tourism business in Thailand

Currently, the hospitality and tourism industry in Thailand is at a state of great flux. This, therefore, calls for a highly competent and versatile workforce to deal with this situation. For this paper, we shall attempt at providing an overview of the current skill set from the current workforce involved in the hospitality and tourism industry in Thailand. We also attempt to identify the prevailing opinions of the managerial personnel on different work aspects, which include the perception of the skills that Thai workers possess. Moreover, the paper looks at what the managers would want and hope for in the future workforce, and the strategies applied to develop such skills in workers soon. This qualitative research approach is employed to dig deep into the minds of key decision makers in Thailand by way of in-depth, one-on-one, or small group interviews to document and consolidate the insights and viewpoints of distinguished executives and top-level decision makers belonging to prestigious hotel and tourism conglomerates in Thailand. The findings of our research unmistakably indicate that the hospitality industry in the country is doubtless in a growth and prosperous period, where it successfully meets various and constantly changing preferences among tourists coming for different purposes. With the tourism industry in Thailand mushrooming, it is vital to establish what has contributed to such success. With more and more people globe-trotting and with tourists pouring in droves into Thailand, the need for a skilled workforce within the hospitality industries is at an all-time high. It therefore becomes relevant during these times of change to identify the skillset of the personnel at work within this vibrant industry. Deep inside the minds of managerial professionals, we can gain a clear insight into how they perceive the current workforce. By conducting comprehensive interviews on an individual and small group basis, we hope to capture the capability and strengths of the Thai workforce with a great degree of subtlety. Second, we also attempt to find out what aspirations and expectations the managers have from the future workforce. The resulting skills and competencies will have to be identified as the industry continues to evolve, but by exploring strategies utilized to develop such skilled labor, we expose the preparations being made for the workforce of tomorrow. Our qualitative research methodology enables us to interact directly with key decision-makers in the industry. We have thus gathered much information and opinion by involving those senior executives and senior-level decision makers of reputed hotel and tourism conglomerates. Their valuable insights helped us to closely look into the current scenario and aspects which still needed to be improved. Our findings clearly revealed that the hospitality industry in Thailand is one of the fastest growing and most successful sectors. It has satisfactorily adapted to the increasing and changing tastes and preferences of the tourists coming from different parts of the world. On the other hand, innovation and high-quality service have allowed this industry to satisfactorily address the needs and desires of its guests. Conclusion Our study puts light on the change which the hospitality and tourism industry of Thailand is experiencing at present. The following sections provide a broad outline of the skillset of the workforce, based on in-depth interviews with managerial professionals. We have taken a closer look at what industry leaders expect and/or hope for in the future workforce, and how they are developing the skills necessary to meet those expectations. This research supports the notion that the hospitality industry is increasing its growth to meet the demands of a multifaceted global customer base.

Barriers and enablers to implementation of evidence-based practice in nursing: A systematic review of literature

Background; Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is an essential aspect of today’s healthcare landscape through which high-quality scientific research evidence can be obtained and translated into the best practical decisions to improve health outcomes. Nurses and midwives deliver the highest proportion of direct patient/client care, and therefore need to utilize evidence based practice to ensure quality patient care. Despite the great importance of evidence-based care, majority practices shown to be effective by research remain unused in the nursing field. Nurses and other health care providers often cite barriers that prevent its delivery. Objective: To describe barriers and enablers to, successful implementation of evidence based Practice in nursing Methods: A Systematic mixed-studies review of literature, synthesizing quantitative and qualitative research was done. The review involved a search on multiple data base engines which included COCHRANE, google scholar and PubMed. A search of the database using keywords (implementation, adoption, compliance, Evidence based practice (EBP), nurses, barrier, challenges and facilitators was conducted. Results: A total of 43 articles were reviewed. Two common themes were identified as barriers to EBP. Individual barriers and organizational barriers. Individual barriers identified include inadequate knowledge on EBP, time constraints and nurse’s attitude towards EBP. Organizational barriers were lack of administrative support and lack of autonomy in nursing. Enablers of EBP identified were administrative support, engagement of stakeholders and nurses autonomy Conclusion: The key barriers to EBP implementation in nursing are deficient knowledge on EBP, time constraints and lack of autonomy in nursing. The barriers can however be overcome by supporting an environment that prioritizes EBP. Recommendations: Addressing barriers to EBP implementation will enhance quality of nursing care leading to better patient’ outcomes. To mitigate the barriers, targeted enablers such as trainings and workshops on EBP, supportive leadership and increasing nurses autonomy ought to be put in place.

An Empirical Approach to Archaeological Heritage Conservation Through Tourism Planning: A Proposal in the Case of Tyana, Türkiye

ABSTRACT Archaeological heritage is too important and valuable a resource to be left to tourism professionals and/or archaeologists alone. Protecting archaeological heritage sites and transferring them to future generations is not possible only through legal regulations and archaeological studies. They need to be brought into tourism by involving local people in the scope of archaeotourism planning. To address the issue, the ancient city of Tyana was chosen as a model to theorise and design a micro-level archaeotourism plan. The study aims to reveal the significance and characteristics of the city’s archaeological heritage and to understand local people’s attitudes towards archaeotourism through qualitative research. The study revealed that local people are keen to be a part of tourism activities for better service and that the heritage site is an important chance for development. The study then proposes on how local people can contribute to tourism development in the site in line with these results.

Chinese Ethnic Coffee Shop Adaptation in Riau through Inclusivity in Malay Society

This article focused on non-Muslim Chinese ethnic coffee shop entrepreneurs, aiming to discover and analyse forms of adaptation that have led to the survival of these coffee shops and their acceptance by the Malay-Muslim community. This qualitative research, utilising an ethnographic approach, is situated in Pekanbaru. Data was collected through observation and interviews with 11 predetermined informants, including entrepreneurs from second and third-generation Chinese families, Malay Riau cultural figures, historians, tourism advocates, coffee enthusiasts and customer informants. Documentary data in the form of autobiographies/biographies of the early founders of coffee shops. This study identified forms of adaptation, including the coffee shop managers’ identification with the community, continuity of family management adhering to halal and hygienic standards, prioritising honesty to gain community trust, forming partnerships and employing Muslim-background workers, and fostering communication, organisation, social engagement, and philanthropy. The adaptation of coffee shop entrepreneurs was expedited by the openness and acceptance of Muslim traders in Pekanbaru since the early 20th century. The presence of these coffee shops, deeply rooted in the social and cultural life of the Malay-Muslim community, manifests inclusivity. This encompasses accepting the halal aspect of the coffee shops’ offerings, managed by non-Muslim Chinese ethnic groups.

Assessing the Grammatical Rules Proficiency among Polytechnic and Colleges of Education Students in Anambra State Using Evidence Centered Design Assessment

Language assessment is a broad concern in Applied Linguistics because it focuses on the measurement and judgment of learners’ proficiency, and the efficiency of the learning practice used by the learners as well as the teaching method employed by language teachers. This research paper adopted Evidence Centered Design (ECD) as its theoretical framework to form the bedrock of this study. The ECD methodology is an assessment approach or design which underscores the central sole of evidentiary reasoning in assessment. ECD assessment deisgn is used in this study to explore the efficiency of Evidence Centered Design in the assessment of English language proficiency level of the Igbo speakers of 200 undergraduates from three polytechnics and one college of education in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study adopted qualitative and quantitative research design, primary and secondary source of data to help the researcher make predictions and judge the communicative competence of these learners by using diagnostic model of test to determine their interactive knowledge in the use of parts of speech. The study used simple percentage which is the statistical analysis acceptable in Language studies, to analyze the data collected from the questionnaire and the test. The findings from this study proved the validity of ECD assessment in determining language proficiency.

Personalized customer journeys for underserved communities: Tailoring solutions to address unique needs

In today's diverse marketplace, creating personalized customer journeys for underserved communities is essential for fostering inclusion and promoting equitable access to services. This review explores the significance of tailoring solutions to address the unique needs of these communities, emphasizing the role of personalized experiences in enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty. Underserved communities often face systemic barriers, including limited access to resources, information, and services. Traditional customer journey models may overlook these specific challenges, leading to ineffective engagement and unmet needs. By adopting a personalized approach, businesses can better understand the distinctive characteristics, preferences, and pain points of these communities. This understanding allows for the development of targeted strategies that resonate with individuals' cultural, social, and economic contexts. The framework for personalized customer journeys involves several key components. First, comprehensive data collection is crucial for identifying the unique demographics and psychographics of underserved communities. Utilizing qualitative and quantitative research methods, businesses can gather insights on customer behaviors, preferences, and challenges. Next, leveraging advanced analytics and artificial intelligence can enhance the personalization of interactions, ensuring that offerings align with the specific needs and aspirations of these communities. Additionally, fostering collaboration with community organizations and leaders is vital. Engaging with local stakeholders helps businesses build trust and credibility, facilitating the co-creation of solutions that genuinely address the community's needs. This collaborative approach can lead to the development of tailored products and services, targeted marketing strategies, and supportive customer service frameworks. Ultimately, personalized customer journeys for underserved communities not only improve customer satisfaction but also drive business growth and social impact. By prioritizing equity and inclusion, businesses can enhance their brand reputation, foster customer loyalty, and contribute to the economic empowerment of these communities. In conclusion, a commitment to understanding and addressing the unique needs of underserved communities through personalized customer journeys is essential for fostering inclusive growth and creating lasting positive change.

Analysis of politeness strategies in kῖmwῖmbῖ (E531) condolence messages

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the politeness strategies used by condolers in expressing condolence in Kῖmwῖmbῖ. Death is a natural part of human life. Regardless of its cause, it is usually very painful and therefore, losing a loved one causes deep feelings of loss and sorrow not only to the family of the deceased but also to friends and relatives. The main purpose of expressing condolence is to convey sympathy or compassion to the bereaved. Yule (2017) argues that in linguistic politeness, face is the most important concept and claims that a person’s face in pragmatics is their public self-image. In expressing condolence, condolers threaten the face of the bereaved but also employ politeness strategies to formulate messages in order to save the bereaved’s face. The study adopted the qualitative and quantitative research approaches and used Brown and Levinson (1978) Politeness Theory. Politeness theory focuses on ‘saving face’ which is a key aspect in politeness. The study was conducted in Chogoria Division, Maara Subcounty, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. Purposive sampling was used to sample twenty condolence messages for analysis. A guiding card was used to categorize the condolence utterances with politeness strategies. The data was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively providing explanation of these politeness strategies and giving their frequencies and percentages in tables. It was established that the four politeness strategies proposed in the politeness theory are used in expressing condolence in Kῖmwῖmbῖ, with positive politeness strategy being the most used. The findings add to the existing knowledge in pragmatics, especially on politeness and burial discourse. Similarly, the study provides data which can be used to compare with other languages hence aiding in generalizing conclusions of condolence speech act.

Exploring the impact of project-based learning on critical thinking and soft skills development among Moroccan EFL students

This study examines the effects of Project-Based Learning (PBL) on the development of critical thinking and soft skills among 12th-grade Moroccan EFL students. The study used a qualitative research design and involved 24 students who participated in a PBL unit focused on addressing child marriage. Data collection methods included focus group discussions and reflections from the teacher-researcher. The findings show that PBL effectively enhances critical thinking by involving students in activities that require them to learn and apply various skills such as analysis, evaluation, and synthesis of information in real-life situations. Students also reported increased engagement and improvements in critical thinking skills as well as some soft skills, particularly in teamwork and communication. However, the study identified challenges related to time management and unequal participation in group tasks. The study emphasizes the potential of PBL to enhance students’ critical thinking and essential skills in educational settings, specifically in an EFL context. Recommendations of the study include implementing strategies to improve time management and establish clear group roles to maximize the benefits of PBL.

Nutritional assessment of parent-packed school lunches in selected private pre - schools in Kalingalinga, Lusaka Zambia

Background: The nutritional quality of parent-packed school lunches is crucial for the health and academic performance of children. In Lusaka's Kalingalinga area, there is limited data on the factors influencing these packed lunches, especially in private schools. This study explores the nutritional content of school lunches packed by parents, assesses their knowledge and attitudes towards nutrition, and identifies key factors influencing their food choices. Methodology: A quantitative and qualitative research design was employed, with data collected through structured questionnaires from 303 parents and guardians of children attending private schools in Kalingalinga, Lusaka. The demographic characteristics, knowledge of nutrition, and factors influencing food choices were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a 24-hour food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and Chi-square tests. SPSS version 23.0 was used for data analysis. Results: The majority of respondents were female (67.0%) and within the 18-25 age group (39.3%). Most had completed secondary education (57.4%) and were employed full-time (67.3%). Despite 95.7% acknowledging the importance of nutrition, 78.2% lacked knowledge of the nutritional content of the foods they packed. Sugary drinks (54.5%) and processed foods (51.2%) were frequently packed, while balanced meals and fruits were less consistent. The main factors influencing food choices were cost (53.1%) and peer pressure (25.4%), with only 7.3% considering nutritional value. Chi-square tests showed that occupation had a marginal relationship with adherence to nutritional guidelines (p=0.053), while age and education had no significant association. Conclusion and Recommendations: The findings reveal a gap in parents' knowledge regarding nutrition, impacting the quality of school lunches. Targeted nutritional education and policies promoting healthier eating are recommended to improve children's health in Kalingalinga, Lusaka