Professional Qualifications Research Articles

Examination of Academic Human Resource Management Policies of Private Special Education Institutions and Rehabilitation Centers

This research aims to examine the human resource management policies of private special education institutions and rehabilitation centers based on the managers’ views. The basic qualitative research design was adopted in the research. The participants of the study consisted of managers of private special education institutions and rehabilitation centers operating in the province of Adıyaman. Criterion sampling technique was adopted in determining the participants. In this context, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 managers of private special education institutions and rehabilitation centers. The data obtained from the interviews with managers has been analyzed through content analysis. In the research, the opinions of the institution managers regarding the teacher employment process of their institutions were discussed under the themes of "employment criteria“, “employment process," and "problems encountered in the employment process." Policies for teacher development were examined under the themes of "personal development" and "professional development", while policies for teacher integration were examined under the themes of "rewarding". Policies for teacher evaluation were studied under the themes of "in-house evaluation" and "external evaluation". According to research results, the policies that shape the employment process are related to the nature of pre-service education and the professional and academic qualifications of teacher candidates. Additionally, based on the views of school administrators, it has been concluded that the shortage of subject experts is one of the problems encountered in the human resources management process of teacher employment. However, it has been stated that career planning and policies for professional development are insufficient in the process of teacher training and development, and teacher evaluation policies are shaped within the framework of internal and external evaluation criteria.

FEATURES AND EMPHASIS OF TEACHING FORENSIC MEDICINE FOR STUDENTS OF THE PEP "PAEDIATRICS"

This article addresses current issues in teaching the academic discipline "Forensic Medicine and Medical Law" to students of the professional educational program (PEP) "Pediatrics." With a focus on violence against children, the authors emphasize the necessity of educating pediatric students on forensic principles and practical skills. The article highlights the harmonization with international standards, the importance of awareness among students, and the critical role forensic medicine plays in pediatric training. Forensic medicine, as a discipline encompassing diverse medical fields, plays a crucial role in pediatrics. This article explores the integration of forensic principles into the PEP "Pediatrics," emphasizing the increasing societal issue of violence against children. The importance of training pediatric students to recognize and respond to such incidents while maintaining a solid evidence base is paramount.
 The authors emphasize that teaching forensic medicine to pediatric students should prioritize the following directions:
 
 Expert Involvement in Forensic Medical Examinations: Focuses on the significance of forensic medical examinations related to medical errors and offenses. Article 69 of the Criminal Procedure Code allows pediatricians to act as experts, emphasizing equivalence in rights and responsibilities with forensic medical experts.
 Physician Participation in Urgent Investigative Actions: Emphasizes the importance of practical skills, such as examining a corpse at the scene. Article 238 of the Criminal Procedure Code permits pediatricians to participate in urgent investigative actions. This includes instructing students on organizational and legal aspects, as well as theoretical and practical principles of examining a corpse at the scene.
 Accurate Documentation of Physical Injuries: Stresses the essential skill of accurately describing physical injuries on a child's body. Acknowledges the role of pediatricians in initial injury documentation, considering the potential involvement in criminal investigations.
 Accuracy and Completeness of Medical Documentation: Underscores the critical nature of accurate and complete medical documentation, serving as evidence in criminal proceedings. The article discusses potential legal consequences for physicians due to improper maintenance.
 Recording Sexual Offenses Against Children: Introduces an elective course focusing on preventing sexual offenses against children and domestic violence. Aims to form theoretical and practical competencies in students, adhering to the "Istanbul Protocol" and emphasizing the role of pediatricians in recognizing and responding to sexual violence against children.
 
 Therefore, educating pediatric students on how to act in such cases, how to work with patients without compromising the evidence base, and simultaneously providing timely medical assistance becomes paramount. This ensures the preparation of a highly qualified specialist in pediatrics whose competencies align with their professional qualification characteristics.
 Conclusion.
 
 Harmonizing domestic legislation with EU norms and standards as part of Ukraine's integration into the EU creates priority directions in teaching the discipline "Forensic Medicine and Medical Law."
 Insufficient awareness among pediatric students and a casual attitude towards the consequences of unprofessional actions or inaction in future professional activities contribute to a lack of motivation for studying "Forensic Medicine and Medical Law."
 Teaching forensic medicine is a crucial part of pediatric training. By providing students with the knowledge and skills necessary to recognize and respond to cases of violence against children, we can help protect children and ensure they receive the necessary assistance.

Analysis of the classification of signs of the right to work by civil servants in the conditions of the European integration of Ukraine

This article is devoted to analyzing the classification of signs of the right to work of civil servants. In modern society, the right to work for public servants is a key element in ensuring effective public service. The classification of the signs of this right is important for determining the duties and responsibilities of civil servants. In particular, this may include aspects such as professional qualifications, level of education, work experience, knowledge of legislation, and ethical standards. The specificity of the right to work for a civil servant is the existence of a valid contract that defines the terms of employment and the obligations of the parties. An important aspect is the ability to interact and cooperate with colleagues and senior managers, which contributes to building an effective work team.
 It is expedient to summarize that the classification of signs of the right to work of civil servants is a relevant topic of research, which allows a better understanding of the main aspects and requirements for the activity of this category of employees. The study of this issue can be useful for improving the system of management of civil servants and increasing the efficiency of public administration as a whole.
 The author analyzed the approaches of other scientists regarding the analysis of this or that aspect of the right to work of civil servants in the conditions of the European integration of Ukraine, as well as certain features or features of this legal phenomenon. Criticism of certain positions of scientists is provided, and the author’s own position is substantiated. The norms of current legislation (both constitutional and special) relating to the issue of the right to work of civil servants are given. The need to update and improve the current legislation in the specified area was emphasized.
 The author of the article concludes that his proposed system of classification of the signs of the right to work of civil servants allows for a more thorough investigation of this problem. The scientist has examined in detail the essence and meaning of each of the mentioned general and special features of the right to work of civil servants.

JOB SATISFACTION AND LABOR MOBILITY OF IT-SPECIALISTS

The article discusses the issue of correlations between labour (territorial) and professional migrations of IT-specialists. This group of professionals is represented by highly qualified specialists who have justifiably high incomes and constantly enhance their professional qualification. This leads to their justifiable claims to better labour conditions, consequently, to labour mobility and changing job. Such labour mobility can be the cause of staff problems for IT companies. Transformation of professional mobility into labour mobility is explained by the level of job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is seen as conformity between workers’ claims and suggested labour conditions. The aim of this work is to identify factors of IT-professionals’ job satisfaction. The research is based on the methods of online survey and questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. As a result of the research, the factors for job satisfaction have been identified: the level of wages, opportunities for professional improvement, favorable relations in the team. The relationship between these factors and the level of professionalism (grade) of employees has been established. Managerial measures to increase satisfaction with the work of IT-specialists have been revealed: to provide constant training and individualization of professional strategies, to form a motivating intra-organizational environment of professional interaction.

О БАЗОВЫХ ИНСТРУМЕНТАРИЯХ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ КВАЛИФИКАЦИЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН В ОТРАСЛИ ВОДНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА

The article discusses the tasks facing the higher school and water industry workers of the Republic of Kazakhstan to develop professional standards for the implementation of the provisions of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Professional Qualifications"

Culturology of Journalism: Academic and Pragmatic Dimensions

The article attempts to represent the culturology of journalism as a relatively new area of theoretical research and an autonomous academic discipline. From a scientific point of view, the basis for the separation of this direction should be found in the sectoral culturology forming process, which includes a number of disciplines such as, for example, cultural studies of religion, education, politics, everyday life and, in particular, media space; the article contains detailed references to the views and proposals of the scholars in cultural studies of art. In each case, specific object, subject, institutional status and development trajectories are determined, that directly concerns the journalism theory. At the same time, the author aims to identify those characteristics of the discipline that enable it to develop fruitfully in interaction with the real media industry and, most importantly and urgently, the professionals' training system. The importance of this area in the academic dimension increases if the real problems and tasks of mass information practice are reflected in research activities and ways to enhance it are identified, recommendations are made regarding improving and enriching the professional qualifications of media organizations employees. This is the principal methodological position of the author. The field of university journalism education deserves special attention, since cultural knowledge and skills should be among the core competencies of graduates and find application in their professional and creative activities. The article presents judgments and pedagogical approaches to solving this problem, which are found in foreign and domestic literature. The author reveals in detail the experience of St. Petersburg State University, where for decades the journalism culturology has been purposefully developing in research and educational projects of various forms.

Bioethics: No Method-No Discipline?

This article raises the question of whether bioethics qualifies as a discipline. According to a standard definition of discipline as "a field of study following specific and well-established methodological rules" bioethics is not a specific discipline as there are no explicit "well-established methodological rules." The article investigates whether the methodological rules can be implicit, and whether bioethics can follow specific methodological rules within subdisciplines or for specific tasks. As this does not appear to be the case, the article examines whether bioethics' adherence to specific quality criteria (instead of methodological rules) or pursuing of a common goal can make it qualify as a discipline. Unfortunately, the result is negative. Then, the article scrutinizes whether referring to bioethics institutions and professional qualifications can ascertain bioethics as a discipline. However, this makes the definition of bioethics circular. The article ends by admitting that bioethics can qualify as a discipline according to broader definitions of discipline, for example, as an "area of knowledge, research and education." However, this would reduce bioethics' potential for demarcation and identity-building. Thus, to consolidate the discipline of bioethics and increase its impact, we should explicate and elaborate on its methodology.

Recommendations for the specialist further training of nursing personnel on intensive care units in the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms: results of a modified Delphi procedure with experts

The medical development in the previous 15 years and the changes in treatment reality of the comprehensive elective treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms necessitate a re-evaluation of the quality assurance guidelines of the Federal Joint Committee in Germany (QBAA-RL). In the current version this requires a specialist further training quota for nursing personnel in intensive care wards of 50%. The quota was determined in 2008 based on expert opinions, although a direct empirical evidence base for this does not exist. Representatives from the fields of patient representation, physicians, nursing personnel and other relevant interface areas were invited to participate in a modified Delphi procedure. Following a comprehensive narrative literature search, a survey and focus group discussions with national and international experts, a total of three anonymized online-based voting rounds were carried out for which previously determined key statements were assessed with a 4‑point Likert scale (totally disagree up to totally agree). In addition, the expert panel had also defined a recommendation for a minimum quota for the specialist training of nursing personnel on intensive care wards in the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms, whereby an a priori agreement of 80% of the participants was defined as the consensus limit. Overall, 37 experts participated in the discussions and three successive voting rounds (participation rate 89%). The panel confirmed the necessity of a re-evaluation of the guideline recommendations and recommended the introduction of a shift-related minimum quota of 30% of the full-time equivalent of nursing personnel on intensive care wards and the introduction of structured promotional programs for long-term elevation of the quota. In this national Delphi procedure with medical and nursing experts as well as representatives of patients, the fundamental benefits and needs of professional specialist qualifications in the field of intensive care medicine were confirmed. The corresponding minimum quota for specialist further training of intensive care nursing personnel should generally apply without limitations to specific groups. The expert panel stipulates a shift-related minimum quota for intensive care nursing personnel with specialist training of 30% of the nursing personnel on intensive care wards and the obligatory introduction of structured and transparent promotion programs for the long-term enhancement.

The Influence of Work Experience and Audit Expertise on Audit Quality in the Public Sector: The Moderating Effect of Professional Qualification

Purpose: This study analyses the degree to which audit experience and expertise affect audit quality through the moderating effect of Professional Qualification. 
 Design/Methodology/Approach: The study used a survey research design from a sample of about 400 audit staff of the Ghana Audit Service. 
 A conceptual framework was developed by adopting the framework for Audit Quality (2014) instituted by the International Auditing and Assurance Board (IAASB) and tested using PLS-SEM method of analysis.
 Findings: The study found that in the Public Sector, both audit expertise and experience influence audit quality.
 Furthermore, it was also established that professional qualification did not moderate the relationships between work experience, audit expertise and audit quality. 
 Professional qualification in audit quality was also found to be significant in the study.
 Implications/Research Limitation: The results of the study extend and add to the growing empirical research studies on audit expertise, work experience, and audit quality, as well as in the area of public sector auditing. However, the study was limited to only public sector auditors working with Ghana's Supreme Audit Institution (SAI), the Audit Service.
 Practical Implication: The study results have the prospect of encouraging top management to intensify the need to consciously institute and implement strategies that incorporate people with the requisite audit expertise and experience into the public sector to maximise and enhance audit quality.
 Originality/Value: This study is the first from a public sector perspective that directly examines how audit quality is influenced by audit expertise and experience and how professional qualification moderates this effect.
 Nonetheless, this research is distinct from other empirical studies on the basis of the method used and the context of the study.

Psychoeducation to Introduce Interests and Majors in Higher Education for Vocational High School Students

Determining career and further education is a very important thing for students to prepare for, especially for senior high school grade. Currently, there are still many students who lack knowledge about careers, professions, even higher-level education if they want to continue their education after graduated from high school level. Readiness of information and knowledge about professional qualifications need to be exposed intensively to make the right decisions in continuing their education and determining their profession in the future as well as exploring interests as their career plan. The methods used by the team are preparation, program planning, and program implementation. Providing psychoeducation to introduce interests and majors in higher education to vocational high school students in order to prepare the young generation at a productive age so that they are able to direct themselves according to their interests and based on the knowledge they have received regarding information about higher education majors for vocational high school students. After receiving psychoeducation, and taking an interest test, students find out their career interests. This community service has succeeded in providing an overview and understanding of students' interests and careers so that they can examine the suitability of their career interests and aspirations.

Ophthalmology Census 2021: A Demographic Characterisation of Ophthalmologists in Portugal.

Human resources in ophthalmology have recently received particular attention, and it has been questioned whether there is a sufficient number of workers. The aim of this study was to analyze and characterize Portugal's ophthalmologist population. In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, an online questionnaire was sent to all ophthalmologists registered with the Portuguese College of Ophthalmology in December 2021. Information on the following variables was collected and analyzed: demographic factors, professional qualifications, professional activity, weekly professional activity and medium-term plans. Among the 910 registered ophthalmologists, a response rate of 64.7% was achieved. There were 0.9 ophthalmologists for every 10 000 inhabitants, 0.45:10 000 working in the public sector (0.35:10 000 full-time equivalent). Among the respondents, 57.6% were over 50 years old (59.6% male), 97.3% were Portuguese, 46.7% completed their residency in the Lisbon region, 27.3% complemented their programme with additional training, 9.5% had a PhD and approximately 58% lived and worked in large urban centres. Regarding professional activity, 58.5% of the respondents worked in the public sector (4.2% exclusively), while 67.9% worked in different economic sectors. The median number of weekly working hours reported was 45 hours, with those in the public sector reporting 35 hours. Private/social sector work and public sector work accounted for 12 926 hours/week and 10 808 hours/week, respectively. It was found that 31.4% of the respondents provided emergency medical services and that 52.8% performed surgical procedures more than once a week. Looking ahead, 38.7% of the ophthalmologists intended to reduce their workload within the next five years due to family reasons, fatigue and demotivation. The projected rate of retirement or cessation of activity in the next five years was estimated to be 1.7%, while an average of 20 new ophthalmologists are expected to enter the profession annually, resulting in a generational balance of 0.8%. While the number of ophthalmologists in Portugal meets the international recommendations, there is a shortage in the public sector and most ophthalmologists work in large urban centres. The number of ophthalmologists in Portugal is expected to be stable for the next five years.

Factors associated with the performance and achieving goals of specialized periodontal procedures in Brazilian dental specialties centers

BackgroundThe Brazilian Dental Specialty Centers (CEO, in Portuguese) represent the strategy of the National Oral Health Policy to provide secondary-level dental care. They offer more complex procedures, such as the treatment of periodontitis. This study aims to investigate the factors associated with the performance and the achievement goals of specialized procedures and the achievement gols of periodontics in CEO.MethodologyAnalytical and cross-sectional study using secondary data. The database of the second cycle of the External Evaluation of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality in CEO (PMAQ-CEO, in Portuguese), was utilized, which assessed 1,042 CEO on-site in 2018. The data were analyzed using multiple Poisson regression, estimating the prevalence ratio (PR) (p < 0.05).ResultsA third of the CEO (n = 305) performed all specialized procedures, with a higher prevalence observed in those with more than one bicarbonate jet prophylaxis unit (RP = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.160–3.881; p = 0.015) and when they had a higher percentage of specialist professionals (RP = 1.004; 95% CI: 1.002–1.006; p < 0.001). The periodontics goal was achieved by 617 (59.2%) CEO, with a higher prevalence among those who had a manager with supplementary training (PR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.100-1.335; p < 0.001) and with a higher workload for the periodontist dentist (PR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.103–1.201; p < 0,001).ConclusionAlthough most CEOs do not perform allspecialized periodontics procedures, more than half achieved the established goals. The provision of specialized periodontics services in CEO and the achievement of goals are influenced by the quantity and professional qualifications, as well as the availability of equipment.

Learning While in Work: Exploring Influences on Engagement and Achievement in Veterinary Professionals Studying Remotely

Remote learning provides flexible opportunities for veterinarians and veterinary technicians to undertake professional development qualifications alongside their work. Although this offers advantages in accessing courses that may otherwise not be available, online provision may not suit all learners equally. Using thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with a group of veterinary educators (faculty, veterinarians, and veterinary nurses/technicians), this study explored their engagement and learning outcome achievements from a post-graduate certificate in veterinary education. Participants were highly motivated to engage, but their engagement was compromised when they had low levels of professional autonomy (particularly in scheduling study time and opportunities to put learning outcomes into practice). Some participants also found engagement more challenging when they experienced academic uncertainty or a reduction in social learning opportunities. A lot of the learning occurred in the participants applying taught content to practice, and therefore the education interface extended to the workplace. Educators teaching similar students using an online-only format should thus recognize the learners’ workplaces as an important part of the learning environment and find ways to help them learn in that context. Learner engagement is also supported by interventions to foster social connections, scaffolded strategies for self-direction, and helping them to balance achievement against wellbeing goals.

Teaching Competencies Based on Comparative Assessment at Diverse School Levels

Effective and high-quality education is greatly dependent on the teacher's competence. Teaching competency encompasses the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and professional attributes necessary for an individual to effectively fulfill the duties of a teacher at the expected level. This research aims to examine the teaching competencies of teachers in schools with different educational levels. The researcher employed a quantitative survey methodology to investigate the teaching competencies of teachers in public schools in Multan. A stratified sampling method is employed to choose a sample of 1009 teachers that accurately represents the geographical distribution (location) of schools. A self-developed questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data collected has been analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques such as frequencies, means, and standard deviation, as well as inferential statistical techniques like t-tests and ANOVA. The main findings of the study indicate that teachers demonstrated competence in various domains, such as planning of the lesson, presentation of the lesson, lesson closure, lesson evaluation, and classroom management. The results also indicated that the teaching competencies of teachers vary greatly depending on the location of the school but do not vary significantly based on their academic, professional qualifications, or school levels. Urban teachers have better teaching competence in comparison to rural teachers. The study can be repeated on a large-scale sample by assessing other teaching competencies across different academic levels. Workshops and trainings should be provided for public school teachers to strengthen their teaching competencies.

Why Do Young Muslims Study Islamic Theology? The Role of Islamic Theology in Empowering Young Muslims and Bridging Postmigration Divides

Abstract What motivates young Muslims to study Islamic theology or religious education? Are they aiming for a specific professional qualification that requires the study of Islamic theology, or do they want to deepen their faith and aim for further personal development? The question of motives for studying Islamic theology is linked to the life goals and biographies of young Muslims, which opens up the issue of migration and Islam. This article aims to investigate the relationship between the study motives, professional aspirations, and life goals of Islamic theology students within the context of migration. Additionally, it seeks to explore their experiences with foreign and self-positioning in society. Empirical data gathered through qualitative and quantitative research methods will serve as the basis for this examination.

Teacher education: the key to quality education for future generations

Teacher education is an essential requirement for ensuring the quality and efficacy of education for the younger generation. Competent and well-prepared educators significantly impact the growth of their students' and pupils' competencies, expertise, and knowledge. Therefore, access to professional and pedagogical training that adequately equips educators to confront the complexities and demands of the contemporary educational landscape is critical. In this paper, we address the current issue of preparing teachers with professional qualifications in the science discipline of chemistry. Teacher education encompasses a wide range of requirements, such as professional development, the use of information technology, and pedagogical training. Understanding chemistry is essential for the further knowledge development of the young generation and for preparing them for future career opportunities. This paper highlights prospective measures and solutions that can help improve the current situation in the education sector. Together, we need to look for ways to increase the attractiveness of the profession of a chemistry-qualified teacher and thus promote the interest of future student-pre-service chemistry teachers in studying this science discipline.

Натурализация мигрантов: современные тенденции

With the widespread recognition of the concept of human dignity and universal human rights standards, the rigid boundaries between the concept of citizen and alien are blurring. Many individuals reside outside the State of their citizenship on a long-term basis. Migrants cannot be viewed as a homogeneous community, but differ in terms of their states of origin, grounds, purposes and duration of stay, visa regimes, professional qualifications, and future migration plans. However, widespread transnational migration creates real problems for migrant receiving states due to the erosion of socio-cultural homogeneity of the population; an increase in the number of groups with different value systems living on the same territory; a fairly high proportion of migrants among those who break the law or are unemployed; the creation by some migrant communities of parallel economies, shadow social structures and the use of social norms of the country of origin in their relations. Rising tensions and clashes between migrants and natives are contributing to the tightening of state policies on migrant reception. Acquisition of citizenship is beginning to be more tightly coordinated with migration policy and considered in the light of social cohesion. The introduction of new criteria required for citizenship (linguistic, integration, economic) is largely oriented towards identifying culturally close economically self-sufficient migrants whose values are not particularly different from those shared by the majority in the host society. In the sphere of legal regulation, two factors significantly influence the level of naturalisation — the introduction of dual citizenship and the possibility of acquiring citizenship by birth on the territory of the country.

An Appraisal of Biological Science Teaching Strategies at The Secondary School Level in Bhubaneswar

The present study conducted aims at appraising biological science teaching strategies at the secondary school level in Bhubaneswar. The investigator has followed a survey research design to collect information related to the problem. The present investigation is concerned with all the science teachers in the secondary schools recognized by the Board of Secondary Education (BSE, Odisha) constituted the population of the study. It was found from the study that most of the teachers were competent to teach science in the secondary schools as they possess the requisite academic as well as professional qualification. Still, the state of teaching science in the secondary schools of Odisha is not encouraging due to certain problems, which can be overcome by the combined effort of the parents, teachers, headmasters, community and Government. Proper supervision in the field of education enhances the quality of education. But it is found that such reinforcement is not encouraging in our State.

Positive and negative aspects of the parish school of the late XIX — early XX centuries

The purpose of the research is to study the development of the parish school of the late XIX – early XX centuries and to identify negative and positive aspects in its activities. The article studies the reasons for the need to create a system of parish education, analyzes the material support of these educational institutions, analyzes the level of professional qualification of the pedagogical staff in them. The scientific novelty of the study is as follows: in pedagogical science various variants are put forward for building an optimal model of education designed to solve the problems of the younger generation, therefore, against the background of the modernization of education, which politicians, public figures and teachers talk about, it is a good idea to turn to the pedagogical experience of previous years, analyze it and understand what can be useful in today's realities.

Status of the practice of oral care and sputum suction for patients with intubation and mechanical ventilation among nurses at Vinh Phuc general Hospital in 2023

Objectives: Describe the status of the practice of oral care and sputum suction for patients with intubation and mechanical ventilation among nurses at Vinh Phuc General Hospital in 2023 and associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on nurses’ implementation of technical procedures of sputum suction and oral hygiene for patients on mechanical ventilation through endotracheal tube. Research time was from March 2023 to June 2023. Participants were nurses working at the Intensive Care and Poisoning Control Department of Vinh Phuc General Hospital performed oral hygiene and sputum suction for patients. Results: Nurses in the age group 18-40 accounted for the highest percentage (88.2%). Working seniority from 5-10 years accounted for the highest proportion of 55.9%; Seniority &lt;5 years accounted for the lowest rate at 11.8%. There were 64.7% of nurses who performed satisfactorily and 35.3% of them performed unsatisfactorily the sputum suction and oral hygiene procedures. Conclusion: The implementation of the procedures of sputum suction and oral hygiene for patients with ventilators is not at a high level. Some factors related to the care activities of nurses include age, professional qualifications; working seniority; working time; number of patients to be cared for.