Натурализация мигрантов: современные тенденции

Abstract

With the widespread recognition of the concept of human dignity and universal human rights standards, the rigid boundaries between the concept of citizen and alien are blurring. Many individuals reside outside the State of their citizenship on a long-term basis. Migrants cannot be viewed as a homogeneous community, but differ in terms of their states of origin, grounds, purposes and duration of stay, visa regimes, professional qualifications, and future migration plans. However, widespread transnational migration creates real problems for migrant receiving states due to the erosion of socio-cultural homogeneity of the population; an increase in the number of groups with different value systems living on the same territory; a fairly high proportion of migrants among those who break the law or are unemployed; the creation by some migrant communities of parallel economies, shadow social structures and the use of social norms of the country of origin in their relations. Rising tensions and clashes between migrants and natives are contributing to the tightening of state policies on migrant reception. Acquisition of citizenship is beginning to be more tightly coordinated with migration policy and considered in the light of social cohesion. The introduction of new criteria required for citizenship (linguistic, integration, economic) is largely oriented towards identifying culturally close economically self-sufficient migrants whose values are not particularly different from those shared by the majority in the host society. In the sphere of legal regulation, two factors significantly influence the level of naturalisation — the introduction of dual citizenship and the possibility of acquiring citizenship by birth on the territory of the country.