The classification of structural performance levels and quantitative definition of performance indicators of underground structures are important parts of performance-based structural seismic design. Four typical underground rectangular reinforced concrete frame structures with different cross sections are taken as the research object, and their seismic performance is analyzed through the pushover method in this study. According to the seismic response characteristics and the failure law, it is determined that the central column is the control section in the seismic performance. Then, based on the capacity curves of these control sections, the performance indicator and the performance levels are determined. Subsequently, through a series of seismic capacity analyses considering the variations in structure type, site condition, structural material property and burial depth, the limits of the structural performance indicator under different performance states are analyzed, and a quantitative division plan of structural performance levels is proposed.