Purpose Of Such Activities Research Articles

Публичная дипломатия США в отношении центральноазиатских стран

Introduction. Public diplomacy is an effective foreign policy instrument of the state. Public diplomacy is understood as the activity of an actor aimed at achieving foreign policy objectives by establishing and deepening long-term interstate relations. The purpose of such activities is to inform foreign audiences as well as broadcast the principles of national policy beyond the borders of one’s own state. Public diplomacy is designed to influence those who have the opportunity to shape public belief systems. Methods and materials. The methodological basis of the study was a transnational approach, which allows us to reveal the role of state and non-state actors in international relations. The work uses a systematic approach in order to form a holistic view of American public diplomacy as an instrument of “soft power.” To identify the individual tools used by the United States in promoting public diplomacy in each individual Central Asian country, a comparative method was used. Analysis and results. Public diplomacy seems to be an important tool of the American administration in the most important foreign policy areas. The priority instrument of US public diplomacy in the Central Asian region is the support of civil society and non-profit organizations. Using grant support mechanisms, the role of public organizations is strengthened, and dialogue between civil society and government authorities is encouraged in the formation and development of socio-economic policy. The second relevant tool is media support and working with information consumers among various segments of the population. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that these projects were most effectively implemented in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan. The third most successful tool is education, whose work is based on grant programs both in the republics and in the United States. Systematic work carried out, taking into account a deep understanding of the internal processes in the Central Asian republics as well as the active use of public diplomacy tools, allows the United States to strengthen its foreign policy potential in the region.

Обізнаність законних представників пацієнтів із дитячим церебральним паралічем про е-інструменти щодо контролю та моніторингу доступності лікарських засобів

In October 2020, the Association of palliative and hospice care together with the Department of Organization and Economics of Pharmacy of Shupyk National medical academy of postgraduate education have conducted a survey on awareness of parents and relatives of seriously ill children with cerebral palsy (CP) about online tools for control and monitoring availability of drugs. The study found that the vast majority of parents and relatives of seriously ill children with cerebral palsy are unaware of this resource and do not use it to check the availability of drugs. The level of ignorance of parents in Kyiv and other regions is generally the same (around 95%). The survey of the administration of NGOs (8 respondents), which on the basis of their Statute provide activities to protect the rights and interests of children with cerebral palsy in these areas, have shown that most of them (6 respondents) also do not use e-tools in their activities. The Association of palliative and hospice care is planning educational work in this direction. The purpose of such activities should be capacity building and social mobilization of citizens. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

TRAINING OF SOCIAL WORK SPECIALISTS FOR THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY ON SOCIAL SERVICES PROVISION

The problem of training of social work specialists for the professional activity on social services provision has been actualized in the article. The purpose of training social workers in Ukraine is to form a highly educated, highly humane, comprehensively developed personality, who have a high culture and generally meets the qualification characteristic of the profession. The purpose of the article is to characterize the content of professional activity of social work specialists in social services provision. Research methods applied: analysis of scientific literature, normative-legal documents in order to clarify the essence of key concepts of the research; synthesis, comparison and generalization – for determination of the areas of work of a social work specialist in the local community; system-generalizing method – for formulation of competencies and conclusions based on research results; prognostic – for determination of the prospects of improving the system of training social work specialists to provide the social services in the community. The professional activity of a social worker is based on international ethical standards, taking into account the uniqueness of each client, their capabilities and rights, awareness of responsibility for their behavior in a particular situation, the purpose of such activity should be restoring the ability of clients (citizens of the community) to overcome difficult life circumstances on their own. The training of future social work specialists in the higher educational institution is to be aimed at forming their readiness to realization of the functions of professional activity. This readiness is manifested in the formation of relevant competencies, which we will identify and analyze through the prism of the functions of the professional activity of social work specialist in the process of providing social services. It is determined that diagnostic, prognostic, transformative, designing, communicative, organizational, human rights, preventive, psychotherapeutic, promotional, social and pedagogical and social competencies should be formed for performing the functions of professional activity of social work specialists in providing social services. The list of presented functions with the relevant competencies of a social work specialist can be supplemented depending on the purpose, tasks, forms, methods of social work in the process of providing social services in the local community.

ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО–АНАЛІТИЧНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ У МІЖНАРОДНИХ РЕГІОНАЛЬНИХ ТА КРАЇНОЗНАВЧИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ

Under the concept of information and analytical activity we understand a kind of special mental, intellectual human activity, as a result of which in the process of successive actions for the search, accumulation, processing, analysis of the original source an analytical forecast or review is created. At present, it is the information and analytical activity that enables managers to make the right decisions in the face of modern, difficult to predict, crisis phenomena of today. Based on the abovementioned, it can be stated that it is the information and analytical processes that allow public authorities of different countries around the world and regional associations to make effective management decisions, predicting in advance the consequences of both decision and no decision. Analytics and information appear to be a new type of product, with universal economic properties, which are defined in unlimited reproduction, accumulation, use and at the same time a way to study phenomena / processes at both macro and micro levels. In scientific research, information analytics primarily performs the task of qualitative and meaningful transformation of primary information, functionally intersecting in this regard with scientific (production of new knowledge) and management (development of solutions, scenarios) activities. Information and analytical activity is interconnected with science through the information method of cognition and scientific analysis of reality, and with management - the applicable nature of analytics (solving specific information needs and problems of the customer). Information and analytical activity is a broader area of research. It includes the selection and systematization of facts on a particular issue, their evaluation, selection, interpretation, clear and thoughtful presentation in oral or written form. It is worth noting that the extraction of necessary materials, activity related to the acquisition, systematization, translation and distribution of books and documents are not included here. Hence the purpose of such activities is to get the most out of the available information in order to understand and assess the situation properly, see it in the long run, and ultimately - to eliminate future threats.

SOME ASPECTS OF UNLAWFUL ANOMALIES

The article deals with topical issues related to the manifestation of unlawful anomalies: concepts, nature, types, forms, etc.Unlawful anomalies are revealed as negative, legally punishable deviations from the norm, arising from violation of regulations, go beyond the law and directed against it. The analysis of this topic makes it possible to understand the nature of unlawful anomalies and the types, forms of their appearance.The concept of delinquency, which manifests itself in violation of the individual social norms and is characterized by certain deviations, is revealed. The basis of delinquency as a wrongful anomaly is the defect in social relations between the individual and society, between the needs of the individual and the demands of society.A number of main causes influencing the spread of delinquentisation delinquency of society as manifestations of unlawful anomalies have been identified. The following reasons may include: a) the economic difficulties that Ukrainian society is experiencing. These difficulties are negatively reflected in the mass consciousness, causing the spread of various types of abnormalities and anomalies in behavior, in particular, delinquent ones, which are a serious inhibiting factor of social development; b) radical reforms, the main content of which is the privatization and development of a market economy, which is accompanied by dynamic changes in the social structure and mass marginalization of society; c) criminalization of certain spheres of public life.It is substantiated that the key role in deepening the delinquentization of society and spreading manifestations of unlawful anomalies play – political and socio-economic crises, the rapid decline in the standard of living and the formation of moral and legal nihilism, and others.It was emphasized that the most effective and promising direction in regulating delinquent behavior in the conditions of crisis of political power, instability, legal nihilism and disrespect for human rights is, first of all, social and preventive activity of the state. The purpose of such activities should be to identify and neutralize the causes and conditions that cause the spread of delinquent behavior, to develop a comprehensive approach to understanding the essence of unlawful anomalies and to create effective legal mechanisms for their elimination.

Commercial Credit in the Activities of Business Entities: Features of Legal Regulation in the Russian Federation

The activity of any economic entity, both in the Russian Federation and in any other country, needs free financial resources. They are used for entrepreneurial activities, as ultimately the purpose of such activity is to make profit. Money can be obtained under a loan agreement in a credit institution. Generally obtaining a loan from a credit institution is associated with increased costs (high bank interest and bank charges), the need to provide security and the length of the procedure for obtaining a loan. Commercial loan, however, is deprived of these shortcomings. Commercial credit is provided by economic entities to each other in the process of doing business, and it allows you to get free financial resources, both in the short and in the long business term. Economists believe that in the means of the increase of working capital a commercial loan is second in importance after banking one. Commercial loans are widespread both in the Russian Federation and abroad. Despite the widespread use of commercial credit in economic activity, it is governed by only one article in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to analyze a commercial loan agreement and study the legal relationship between the lender and the borrower. Objectives of the study are to study of the essence of a commercial loan; to study of the relationship of a commercial loan agreement with other agreements and other civil structures. The methods that were used in the study are the following: a formal legal method to define the concept of a commercial loan agreement, a system-structural analysis method to determine the nature of a commercial credit, a comparative legal method to determine the relationship of a commercial credit agreement to other agreements and other civil legal constructions. The result of the study is a proven conclusion that a commercial loan agreement is an independent agreement. The findings and results of the study can be used for further research and as educational material, in legislative work and in law enforcement practice.

Actual problems of the return of assets obtained by criminal means in criminal proceedings

The article is devoted to the study of the theoretical foundations and practical problems of returning assets acquired as a result of the commission of crimes in the criminal proceedings of Ukraine. It was noted that bringing a person to criminal liability for committing corruption and other crimes necessarily should include comprehensive activity on the return of the proceeds of crime, named its main structural elements: the purpose, subjects of realization, objects of search and stages of implementation of such activities. It is indicated that the purpose of such activity is to minimize the negative consequences of a crime by resorting to the acquisition of illegal assets into the state's income, as well as preventive influence, and the object is the proceeds of crime. It is proved that the activity of returning the assets obtained by the crime gull in a criminal proceeding includes the following operations: detection, search, arrest, management and special confiscation of such assets, and its subjects are the investigator, the prosecutor, the investigating judge, the court and officials of the National agencies of Ukraine on the detection, tracing and management of assets derived from corruption and other crimes. The analysis of leading international experience in the field of return of assets obtained as a result of the commission of crimes has been analyzed. The legal status, functions and powers of the National Agency of Ukraine for the detection, investigation and management of assets derived from corruption and other crimes as the subject of such activity are investigated.

First-year secondary mathematics teachers’ metacognitive knowledge of communication activities

ABSTRACTResearch has documented that mathematics teachers rarely use communicative activities; activities that allow for the sharing of ideas and clarification of understandings (NCTM, 2000). Teacher metacognitive awareness provides a possible framework for understanding the difficulties secondary mathematics teachers face when attempting to incorporate communicative activities. Without metacognitive knowledge and awareness about communicative activities, teachers lack the understanding of the purpose of such activities, procedures used to implement such activities successfully, and/or the conditions under which such activities are useful. This case study analyzed the metacognitive knowledge and awareness of two first-year high school mathematics educators by asking what metacognitive knowledge and awareness of communicative activities did the participants have or were developing and what experiences helped the participants to develop this knowledge. Findings indicate that the participants believed used communicative activities in their classrooms. However, the communicative activities used by the participants rarely engaged students in communicating about their understandings of mathematics; instead, the participants engaged their students in communicative activities in order to construct classroom norms or to shift the responsibility for learning to the students. Thus, while the participants clearly demonstrated declarative knowledge of communicative activities, their procedural and condition knowledge, that is how, when, and why to use such activities, was not well formed. These finding suggest that more emphasis is needed on developing pre-service teachers procedural and conditional metacognitive knowledge of communicative activities. In addition, more qualitive research on mathematics teachers’ understanding of communicative activities is needed.

Predatory journals and dishonesty in science

Predatory magazines are created by unreliable publishers who, after collecting a fee, publish the submitted paper in the Open Access (OA) formula without providing substantive control. For the purpose of “encouraging” authors to submit their work, they often impersonate existing periodicals by using a similar-sounding title, a similar webpage, and copied names of editors of the editorial board. They also offer credits close in name to the Impact Factor. The purpose of such activity is to deceive authors and to earn money in an unfair manner. This contribution presents mechanisms used by such journals and includes suggestions for protection from the duplicity and the subsequent disappointment of publishing, often for an exorbitant fee.

Social activities of older men who require daily support and the purpose of such activities.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze the social activities of older men who require daily support, and to clarify the purpose of such activities, in order to develop effective living support and preventive long-term care service, suitable for this population.Methods Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 older men. Data were analyzed using inductive and qualitative methods.Results Four categories of social activities were identified, and four categories of purposes of these social activities were extracted. The following were the identified social activities: maintenance of "comfortable relationships with others," including family, relatives, friends, and neighbors; "participation and use of services and programs with clear objectives and relationships with others," such as long-term care insurance system services, clubs for the elderly, and hobby groups; maintenance of "relationships with former colleagues, depending on their experience of working with them," where some individuals actively participated in gatherings with former colleagues, while others did not keep in touch at all; and participation in "activities to enrich their feelings and quality of life within their living space," such as reading, watching TV, and doing household chores. The purposes of the observed social activities were to build "relationships with society through communication with other people" and to have a "sense of security by spending time with people of the same age and with those older than them." Hence, participants engaged in clubs for the elderly, as well as in hobby groups. In addition, participants made time for exercising regularly, which maintained their cognitive function and was intended for the "maintenance and activation of their physical functions by continuing to exercise," and "continuing to learn by thinking." Furthermore, participants engaged in the exercise or hobby groups that they were interested in, in order to "utilize their time in a meaningful way" that lead to pleasure and enjoyment.Conclusion The following were the characteristics of the observed social activities: (1) the activities helped participants to maintain relationships with their coworkers, (2) participants had comfortable relationships with others, with these relationships exhibiting different levels (i.e. intimate relationships or casual), and (3) participants actively followed current events. They have clear purpose join and participate in social activities. In addition, it is suggested that this population engage in social activities to enrich physical function and overall quality of life.

REFLECTIONS ABOUT TEACHING NATURE OF SCIENCE MEDIATED BY IMAGES

In this paper a methodological experience is analyzed in exploratory nature, developed in short course promoted in Brazilian Chemistry Education Conference. The purpose of such activity was to rescue the views and beliefs that participants, pre-service and in service teachers, have about science and the scientific work and thus lead to reflection on the subject during the activity, by using previously selected images. The analysis of the accounts of the images evidenced that the common views already highlighted in research on the nature of science still occur with some frequency, conceptions that may limit the way of understanding of the teaching of science. The activity showed satisfactory the extent that provided moments of discussion and reflection on the subject, which may assist participants in their future educational activities.

Manufacturing Paradigms in 2010

Manufacturing is defined as the act of converting raw materials into finished products by using manual or mechanized transformational techniques. The purpose of such activities is to add value to achieve targeted objectives, which do not preclude society’s overall interests. Modern day ethical dispositions value dimensions of safety and environment more than quality and productivity. Evidently manufacturing is contemplated to improve the quality of life, which follows the basic tenets of the existence of the fact of ‘life’. The paradigm of Manufacturing therefore is the genesis of the factoring of customer requirements to yield high-quality low-cost products efficiently and productively to meet exacting schedules and priorities. The methods employed should be kind on raw materials and other resources, inputs impacting environment including energy, forest-wood, mined products etc. The net manufacturing competence is thus a trade off between the results in trans-formation obtained and the costs of achieving requisite gains. This paper attempts to highlight the direction our Manufacturing technology will steer to, and anticipate how these endeavours should integrate in producing a system of manufacturing excellence. Because the process of change duly set-in, in motion, in last few years confirms the benefits of increasing quality – productivity and environmental awareness, the trend is likely to sustain with attendant inputs in technology, improvements in methodology, culture and system conscientiousness.

Imagined solidarities: Where is class in union organising?

This paper argues that the ‘turn to organising’ in British unions over the past decade has largely ignored the broader questions of the purpose of such activity. As a consequence, unions have mainly focused on building solidarities between workers in their individual workplaces rather than developing a wider view of workers’ interests and the objectives of that solidarity. Using Hyman’s typology of union identities ( 2001 ), it is evident that ‘class’ identity has largely been sidelined in debates about union renewal in Britain. The paper argues that this limits the scope of union renewal both in practice and in theory.

Corporate Social Responsibility: Worth-Creating ctivities

Making the world a better place to live is an idea that is spreading over the four quarters of the globe; and the business realm is no exception. Firms are expected to have ethical responsibilities and go beyond their profit-oriented activities and boost the wellbeing of the community. This situation becomes more evident when an industry has a very close relationship with environments and societies which, in turn, are facets of its own products. This study shows that socially oriented activities carried out by tourism firms bring about benefits for society both directly (inherent to the purpose of such activities) and indirectly (via their commercial performance). The fact that getting actively involved in duties outside of the business arena has a positive influence on a firm’s outcome implies that these initiatives help increase the social force of tourism through non-economic as well as economic mechanisms.

Why They Fought: Black Cape Colonists and Imperial Wars, 1899-1918

This essay starts with intriguing question sometimes still posed by historians:1 Why did black South Africans retain their optimistic faith in British imperial project, despite its palpably wounding betrayal of their tenuous and interests? And, in particular speculation, Why did that attachment hold despite bruising political consequences of Anglo-Boer peace at end of South African War of 1899-1902, and their subsequent exclusion from political community forged by creation of Union in 1910? Granted, not everyone hung on, but vigorous, Western-educated minority of pan-ethnic ama-respectables, big Coloureds, and coterie of Indian merchants continued to believe in dressing for dinner, especially in Cape. For earlier years of twentieth century, some obvious part of answer lies in lingering perception of Britain as an uplifting Whitehall which might yet recall its proper duties towards those languishing under settler rule. Or, in complementary image, in vision of imperial Britain as mythical monarchy, sort of bigwig paramount chief to which adolescent urban middle classes and traditionalist rural leadership felt linked by an imaginative ideology of monarchical responsibility for, and protection of, subject races. Peasant landlessness in Transkeian Territories and immiseration of farm laborers in Namaqualand was amply compensated for by fortifying gaze of Queen Victoria from various classroom and living-room walls, a great White Queen across water who made no distinction of race among her subjects, who might be appealed to in case of need.2 It was almost as if, at mercy of oppressive local forces beyond their control, members of black elite derived some security of aspiration from sense of trustee belonging or connection with British power. These dispositions, and formative role in their construction of nineteenth-century impact of British missionary liberalism, slave emancipation, softening of discipline for Khoi under Ordinance 50, and nonracial Cape franchise, have recently been handily restated by Christopher Saunders in concise survey of South African African views of Britain and Empire from late nineteenth-century until early 1920s.3 For polite culture of educated urban professionals and small trading groups, as well as rural chieftaincies associated with Christianity and allied colonial interests, it all boiled down, in way, to facing contradictions and having to deal with disquieting ambiguity of British South Africa. Above all, perhaps, it was tilting balance between suspicion and trust. For direct British power in region was simultaneous paradox of liberal constitutionalism of rights and moderating protectionism against Boer trespass or bull-necked local white colonial rule, and complicity in avaricious colonial aggression and conquest. Within context of modernizing ideals and an ambience of political moderation, one response of African pro-Empire loyalism was an infiltrationist kind of mortgaged anticolonialism. In early 1900s, best of civilized men-schoolmasters, lawyers, clergymen, journalists, traders, and progressive peasants-puckered up to best of sympathetic liberal imperial establishment. Its drawing rooms included British prime minister, David Lloyd George, Lord Buxton, Union governor-general, and Anti-Slavery and Aborigines' Protection Society, or at least until its secretary, John Harris, fell in with Union Prime Minister Louis Botha's segregationist land policies.4 This was calculating or strategic kind of deferential loyalism, ever-watchful for right vocabulary to exert moral claims. It was exemplified by Sol Plaatje's beguiling plea to Lloyd George in 1919, in which he tugged at latter's Welshness by invoking plight of the land of his fathers.5 The purpose of such activity was, of course, to try to recall imperial men of enlightened vision to their paternalist duties, in hope that their ethical muscle might yet stay hand of an increasingly rapacious settler rule. …

Repetitive Activity in the Play of Children With Mental Retardation

It has been widely observed that young children with mental retardation engage in more repetitive activity than other children although the meaning and purpose of such activity is unclear. To better understand repetitive play, we investigated amount, quality, and persistence of spontaneous repetitive play and alternative types of play with 14 children with Down syndrome and 14 children without delay. Children with Down syndrome engaged in more repetitive activity, however the quality of repetitive and non-repetitive play was similar. Results suggest that repetitive play may serve the same constructive purposes for children with Down syndrome and children without delay. Educators should evaluate carefully when repetitive play may be useful and when it needs to be interrupted and redirected.

Geographic Information in Pre-Iiterate Human Communities

The contemporary concept of geographic information systems is a logical development of human curiosity about their environment. Primarily as a necessity for survival, this curiosity has prevailed since the recorded history of human existence. Successful understanding of spatial concepts and their representation as maps or models is an essential ingredient irrespective of the level of literacy of mapmakers. This paper focuses on a re-examination of the ability of pre-literature communities to construct maps and spatial models. Communities such as Inuit, Marshall Islanders, Siberian and Australian Aboriginal people are considered in the perspective of geographic information content, methodologies, spatial orientation abilities, and most importantly, the reason and purpose of such activities. The re-examination of the functional role of these maps and models in terms of contemporary geographic information concepts indicates that the importance of a pre-literate map or model was more significant to that community than a street directory or a road map is today.