Pure Form Research Articles

Magnetite-ferrocyanide-copper sorbents for recovery of cesium ions from low-activity liquid radioactive waters

The article is devoted to the development of nanoscale sorbents based on copper ferrocyanide and magnetites for the removal of cesium, strontium, and heavy metal ions in their simultaneous presence in a multicomponent two-phase low-level radioactive solution containing complexing agents and surfactants. It they noted that the highest values of cesium ion removal from low-level radioactive water - 99.96% and 99.62% - are obtained with sorbents based on 100% copper ferrocyanide and a mixture of copper ferrocyanide and industrial magnetite in a ratio of 2 to 1. The efficiency of the sorbents in terms of the distribution coefficient is 2394 and 1589.7 ml/g, which ensures the purification of radioactive water from trace concentrations of cesium ions to values of 2394 and 265.11. These sorbents provide water purification to values less than 2 Bq/cm3, which is typical for 1-4 classes of water quality in terms of radiation safety of groundwater and surface water as sources of centralised drinking water supply. It is noted that sorption of cesium ions on copper ferrocyanide and magnetite is carried out in the presence of water molecules and hydroxo groups. It is shown that artificial magnetite in its pure form exceeds the sorption capacity of industrial magnetite. This is due to the difference in the phase composition and particle size of the crystals. The results obtained will be use as components of the technological process in the Plasma-Sorb technology developed at the State Institution "The Institute of Environmental Geochemistry" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for the treatment of low- and intermediate-level radioactive water from Ukrainian nuclear power plants.

Comparative Studies on Simultaneous Estimation of Metformin, Empagliflozin, Remogliflozin, Glimepride and Gliclazide by using RP-HPLC and Diol Technique

Retaining extremely polar metformin and its combination with other non-polar antidiabetic drugs can be difficult and challenging by using the most common reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The retention time of metformin is comparatively short when separated, utilizing C18-based RPC. Peak fronting and tailing effects are commonly observed with metformin (MET), its combination with highly polar antidiabetic medicines, and early elution with void volume. However, normal phase chromatography may occasionally be rendered ineffective due to the low solubility of polar analytes in organic solvents. Therefore, a different and complementary strategy is required for the separation of such a highly polar drug. A more advantageous platform is mixed-mode chromatography. The use of this newer technique of separations has been increased because of its advantages over C18-based RPC for its efficiency, selectivity, sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility towards simultaneous quantification of selected drugs. In this study, we compared two established chromatographic methods for simultaneous quantification of metformin and other moderately polar antidiabetic medications, including empagliflozin, remogliflozin, glimepride, and gliclazide, both in their pure form and in combination tablet dosage. An isocratic elution based on solvent a 15 mM ammonium acetate-Methanol: acetonitrile (10:90 v/v) was used as the mobile phase in first method, which is reversed-phase HPLC with a Zodiac C18 column and chromatographic separation on a 150 × 4.6 mm acclaimed mix mode HILIC-1 column with a particle size of 5 μm. In accordance with ICH standards, both approaches underwent exhaustive validation for linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, and resilience. Metformin, empagliflozin, ramogliflozin, glimepride, and gliclazide have not yet been reported to be separated using any method.

The use of vitamin complex in combination with chemotherapy in theileriosis of cattle

Relevance. In the Caspian region of Russia, blood parasitic diseases are one of the most common diseases of cattle, which cause significant economic damage to livestock farms due to reduced productivity and death of animals. According to natural and climatic conditions and zonal features, the Republic of Dagestan is a favorable habitat for ixodic mites, the main carriers of pyroplasmidosis pathogens, in particular Theileria annulata. In spring, cattle with impaired resistance, weakened after wintering, are seriously ill with pyroplasmidosis, especially teileriosis, after getting over the gum, rumination, intestinal work, milk yield, and general reaction to the environment recover to physiological norm for a long time. In this regard, further improvement of existing and the search for new methods that ensure maximum conservation of animals from these invasions, with minimal effort and money, remains an urgent task. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of “Delagil” in the combined use of “Ursoferanforte” in spontaneous bovine taileriosis.Methods. Methods for determining therapeutic efficacy were formed by experimental and control groups of 30 heads of different ages with spontaneous tayleriosis in varying degrees of severity of the disease with a temperature reaction within 40.4 ± 0.03 — 41.5 ± 0.09 °C, parasitemia — 5.47 ± 0.3 — 25.18 ± 0.31% in 100 fields of view of the microscope. In the control group, “Delagil” was used in its pure form at a dose of 2 g / 100 kg (20 mg / kg by DV) (orally) with water in the form of a suspension. In the experimental group, treatment was carried out comprehensively — “Delagil” in the indicated doses in combination with the drug “Ursoferan-forte” in a dose of 10–25 ml (once, intramuscularly).Results. The use of antimalarial “Delagil” in combination with the drug “Ursoferan-forte” (in combination) increases the effectiveness to 93.3% and avoids significant economic losses. Currently, the safety of susceptible animals from teileriosis is becoming possible with the combined use of chemotherapeutic drugs.

Comparing silver and gold nanoislands’ surface plasmon resonance for bisacodyl and its metabolite quantification in human plasma

Gold and silver nanoparticles have witnessed increased scientific interest due to their colourful colloidal solutions and exceptional applications. Comparing the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of gold and silver nanoparticles is crucial for understanding and optimizing their optical properties. This comparison informs the design of highly sensitive plasmonic sensors, aids in selecting the most suitable nanoparticles for applications like surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy (SEIRA) and biomedical imaging, and guides the choice between gold and silver nanoparticles based on their catalytic and photothermal properties. Ultimately, the study of LSPR facilitates the tailored use of these nanoparticles in diverse scientific and technological applications. Two SEIRA methods combined with partial least squares regression (PLSR) chemometric tools were developed. This development is based on the synthesis of homogeneous, high-dense deposited metal nanoparticle islands over the surface of glass substrates to be used as lab-on-chip SEIRA sensors for the determination of bisacodyl (BIS) and its active metabolite in plasma. SEM micrographs revealed the formation of metallic islands of colloidal citrate-capped gold and silver nanoparticles of average sizes of 29.7 and 15 nm, respectively. BIS and its active metabolite were placed on the nanoparticles’ coated substrates to be directly measured, then PLSR chemometric modelling was used for the quantitative determinations. Plasmonic citrate-capped gold nanoparticle substrates showed better performance than those prepared using citrate-capped silver nanoparticles in terms of preparation time, enhancement factor, PLSR model prediction, and quantitative results. This study offers a way to determine BIS and its active metabolite in the concentration range 15–240 ng/mL in human plasma using inexpensive disposable glass-coated substrates that can be prepared in 1 h to get results in seconds with good recovery between 98.77 and 100.64%. The sensors provided fast, simple, selective, molecular-specific and inexpensive procedures to determine molecules in their pure form and biological fluid.

Tenacious copper nanoclusters shielded by aromatic thiol for use in antibacterial, bioimaging, and dye degradation applications

Aromatic thiol-protected copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) have emerged as promising catalysts for dye degradation due to their unique optical and catalytic properties. In this study, we effectively synthesized CuNCs less than 10 nm-sized, very stable particles. The absorption peaks confirms that metal-to-ligand charge transfer, which favors the binding interaction of the frontier molecular orbitals and shifts the absorption bands of the free ligand and the extremely small water-soluble CuNCs in a blue direction in a water medium. Studies using electron microscopy support the existence of the pure form of the crystal-like shape. HRTEM confirms the morphology and less than 10 nm, and SAED and XRD confirm the crystallinity. This study on CuNCs for methylene blue sensing was conducted here. The detection range for methylene blue rapid degradation was observed. For the antibacterial studies when compared to gram-negative (E.coli), the synthesized copper nanoclusters had a high contact, as shown by a maximum value of zone diameter of 20 mm at a fixed concentration of 100 µg. The resulted in tunable quantum yields of 6.8 % which helped enhance the MCF-7 cancer cell line bioimaging, with the cancer cell line a maximum of 93.39 % cell viability with a minimum concentration of CuNCs 10 nM.

Exploring Hydrogen-Enriched Fuels and the Promise of HCNG in Industrial Dual-Fuel Engines

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the selected properties of HCNG fuel calculations and a literature review of the other fuels that allow the storage of ecologically produced hydrogen. Hydrogen has the most significant CO2 reduction potential of all known fuels. However, its transmission in pure form is still problematic, and its use as a component of fuels modified by it has now become an issue of interest for researchers. Many types of hydrogen-enriched fuels have been invented. However, this article will describe the reasons why HCNG may be the hydrogen-enriched fuel of the future and why internal combustion (IC) piston engines working on two types of fuel could be the future method of using it. CO2 emissions are currently a serious problem in protecting the Earth’s natural climate. However, secondarily, power grid stabilization with a large share of electricity production from renewable energy sources must be stabilized with very flexible sources—as flexible as multi-fuel IC engines. Their use is becoming an essential element of the electricity power systems of Western countries, and there is a chance to use fuels with zero or close to zero CO2 emissions, like e-fuels and HCNG. Dual-fuel engines have become an effective way of using these types of fuels efficiently; therefore, in this article, the parameters of hydrogen-enriched fuel selected in terms of relevance to the use of IC engines are considered. Inaccuracies found in the literature analysis are discussed, and the essential properties of HCNG and its advantages over other hydrogen-rich fuels are summarized in terms of its use in dual-fuel (DF) IC engines.

Informatization of civil justice as a means of increasing the effectiveness of justice services

The article, based on a comprehensive system analysis, examines the theoretical and legal implications of informatization of civil justice as a means of increasing the effectiveness of justice services. The relevance is due to the expanded role of information technologies in all areas of information management activity, including in the sphere of modern ship ownership. The object of the investigation is the ongoing research in the field of justice administration regarding legal disputes with the use of information technologies to meet the needs of the civil process. The methodological basis includes various methods - formal legal, legal, systemic, logical and others. . Electronic justice in the civil process - the law establishes the procedural activity of the court to administer justice to the subordinates, at a distance from the participants in the civil process and a non-documentary form of data transfer (videos, documents, etc.) work with the help of various information technologies such as the Internet, and other telecommunications technologies 'language, which is an alternative or subsidiary way of combining a completely pure documentary form of data transfer. It is stated that electronic justice is governed by a system of institutional principles, which is based on the system of principles of civil procedural law, which include: the principle of distance, implementation of other methods of electronic document management, the principle Information transparency of justice, which has specificity in line with the principle of accessibility Information about the activities of the ship’s authorities, when placed in open access, information about is considered by the courts on the right, online broadcasts of court meetings, etc. It is stated that the further development of information and communication technologies will naturally place emphasis on the boundaries of the principle of distance, the disruption of which can bring distrust of citizens to court, the clarity and objectivity of the court activities, make statements to the spouses about the role and importance of ship ownership.

Crystallographic and electrical properties of mechanically rolled gold backed niobium target

This work demonstrates an excellent and high purity target film, realized by depositing uniformly thick mechanically rolled niobium (Nb) film over gold (Au) foil using indium (In) as adhesive layer (Nb/In/Au). The materials properties of the resulting foil in three layered Nb/In/Au structure, characterized using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques demonstrate presence of pure forms of the material contents and depict crystal phases of pure Au and Nb in Au and Nb/In/Au foils, respectively. This suggests the chemical inertness of Nb film towards oxidation during mechanical rolling and evidences formation of high purity Nb layer with precise crystallinity. The current-voltage (I–V) characteristics of Nb/In/Au foil measured at room temperature through a lateral device structure configuration with silver (Ag) top contacts exhibit ohmic conduction with surface resistivity of 2.5mΩm, indicating 127.3% increment after mechanical rolling of Nb on Au foil. The fabricated gold backed niobium target has been utilized in a recent nuclear level lifetime measurement experiment through Doppler shift attenuation method.

Novel procedures for olive leaves extracts processing: Selective isolation of oleuropein and elenolic acid

Several processes have been developed in the past to selectively extract oleuropein and its aglycones from olive derived materials. In the present manuscript, we outline a novel approach for processing olive leaves aqueous extracts. This allowed first to select microwave irradiation as the methodology able to provide a large enrichment in oleuropein. Subsequently, the use of lamellar solids led to the selective and high yield concentration of the same. Adsorption on solids also largely contributed to the long term chemical stability of oleuropein. Finally, an eco-friendly, readily available, and reusable catalyst like H2SO4 supported on silica was applied for the hydrolysis of oleuropein into hydroxytyrosol and elenolic acid. This latter was in turn selectively isolated by an acid-base work-up providing its monoaldehydic dihydropyran form (7.8 % extractive yield), that was unequivocally characterized by GC–MS. The isolation of elenolic acid in pure form is described herein for the first time.

CASE STUDY ON SMOG FREE CITY

In one of the world’s most polluted cities smog pollution in form of gases like CO(carbon mono-oxide) , NO (nitrogen oxide) and hydrocarbon are very harmful for human beings. It is one of the most serious public health concerns in the worldwide. We are in need of oxygen supply that too in pure form. Smog is a kind of visible. Photochemical smog i.e. man -made smog derived from forest and agricultural fires. This may cause health problems like difficulty in breathing and can be dangerous for cancer. So, for reducing the smog from the air there are various structures like Smog free tower. These towers are more effective in most of polluted cities. This study aimed to aware and give some preventive practices of smog pollution and also shows the design of smog free tower. Key Words: smog, pollutions, nitrogen oxide, carbon mono-oxide, nitrogen di-oxide

The shape of water - how cluster formation explains the hydrophobic effect

The hydrophobic effect is a particular characteristic of water, which in its pure form exhibits more anomalous properties than any other known liquid. A unifying molecular scale origin of these observations has been sought for decades. Here, we show that thermodynamically driven formation of water clusters in water simultaneously explains the hydrophobic effect and water’s anomalous properties. Our unifying first-principles based model for water cluster formation predicts the correct thermodynamics of organic molecule solvation in water as well as surfactant self-assembly. Our model provides an intuitive explanation that water as a whole becomes more hydrophobic as temperature decreases, because higher concentrations of clusters favour internal hydrogen bonds, which leads to fewer opportunities for interactions with solutes.

White analytical insight for sensitive fluorescent determination of semaglutide and tirzepatide in pharmaceuticals and biological matrices

The present study is focused on the sensitive determination of newly FDA-approved glucagon-like-peptide agonists semaglutide (SEM) and tirzepatide (TIR). Direct, selective and label-free spectrofluorometric method was proposed and validated (according to ICH guidelines) for determination SEM and TIR in their pure form, newly approved pharmaceuticals and spiked human plasma. The developed method was based on measuring the native fluorescence of SEM and TIR in ethanol at 294.8 and 303 nm after being excited at 216 and 225 nm for SEM and TIR in order. The method sensibility allowed the quantification of both drugs in nano-scale up to 10 ng/mL. Several experimental variables including solvent type, surfactant, and pH were optimized after several attempts to get the best sensitivity for both drugs. The mean recovery percentage of SEM was compared and found in agreement with the reported method using student’s t-test and the variance ratio F-test. Additionally, the greenness and whiteness profiles for this approach were evaluated using the GAPI, AGREE, and RGB algorithm; the positive results supported its use as great candidates for successful implementation in quality control labs and the pharmaceutical analysis companies.

Physico-Chemical Parameters and Bacteriological Quality Assessment of Some Domestic Water Sources in Pankshin LGA of Plateau State Nigeria

Due to human activity and other natural influences, drinking water is seldom found in 100% pure forms in nature. Drinking polluted water is a major source of sickness in underdeveloped nations. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and standard methodologies for the investigation of water and wastewater were followed in the analysis of the collected water samples, which were conducted using automated instrumental methods. The obtained results indicated that the samples used had the following ranges of concentrations: SO42- ranges from ND to 19.00 mg/L; NO3- ranges from 4.40 to 100.32 mg/L; PO42- from 2.02-11,34 mg/L; pH 6.64 to 7.70; Cd from 0.0020 ± 0.001 to 0245 ± 0.01 mg/L; Ni, from 0.0074 ± 0.003 to 0.848 ± 0.021 mg/L; Cr, ND to 0.386 ± 0.082 mg/L; Pb ND to 0.428 ± 0.003 mg/L; total bacteria count TaBC, 4 x 102 to 3.3 x 104 CFU/mL. Most of the physicochemical parameters were above acceptable limits. The bacteriological study of the water samples also revealed that the water samples were all polluted with bacteria and coliforms. From the foregoing, these drinking water sources, therefore require treatment before consumption to minimize or avoid the incidences of water-related diseases.

Morphology of V.N. Ilyin in the Context of World Philosophical Thought

The research is devoted to the morphology that V.N. Ilyin developed in the work Static and Dynamics of Pure Form and other archival texts. Morphology is central to the philosophy of V.N. Ilyin, but it remains an unexplored subject. The article’s author explores the morphology of the philosopher from a historical and philosophical point of view. In addition to apparent influences (G.W. Leibniz, E. Husserl, N. Lossky), the article’s author revealed the connection of V.N. Ilyin’s ideas with the history of Western European philosophy and his attitude to medieval thinkers. The author considered how V.N. Ilyin understood and assessed his modern philosophy and its results by the middle of the twentieth century. V.N. Ilyin especially paid attention to phenomenology and its connection with morphology, analyzing phenomenology's influence on existential philosophy. In addition to phenomenology, V.N. Ilyin highly appreciated the intuitism of H. Bergson and N. Lossky. The third main philosophical direction in the twentieth century for V.N. Ilyin was religious philosophy (Neo-Thomists and followers of H. Bergson), which aimed at creating axiology, a new system of values. V.N. Ilyin sought to combine various philosophical ideas in the project of morphology based on logic and scientific methodology. He stated the need to reform formal logic and create “metalogic” that would be more consistent with the philosophical tasks of the twentieth century. The morphology of V.N. Ilyin is based on the idea of synthesis and focuses on creating universal science. The comparison of various philosophical ideas of the twentieth century with morphology makes it possible to understand better his philosophical worldview, the course of his reflections, and the meaning of the morphological project.

Clinical Characterization of Arrhythmia-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Tachyarrhythmia and Idiopathic Heart Failure

BackgroundArrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC) is a known entity, but prospective evidence for its characterization is limited. ObjectivesThis study aimed to: 1) determine the relative frequency of the pure form of AIC in the clinically relevant cohort of patients with newly diagnosed, otherwise unexplained left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and tachyarrhythmia; 2) assess the time to recovery from LVSD; and 3) identify parameters for an early diagnosis of AIC. MethodsPatients were prospectively included, underwent effective rhythm restoration, and were followed-up at 2, 4, and 6 months to evaluate clinical characteristics, biomarkers, and cardiac imaging including cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Patients with recurred arrhythmia were excluded from analysis. Results41 of 50 patients were diagnosed with AIC 6 months after rhythm restoration. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction increased 2 months after rhythm restoration from 35.4% ± 8.2% to 52.7% ± 8.0% in AIC patients vs 37.0% ± 9.5% to 43.3% ± 7.0% in non-AIC patients. From month 2 to 6, LV ejection fraction continued to increase in AIC patients (57.2% ± 6.1%; P < 0.001) but remained stable in non-AIC patients (44.0% ± 7.8%; P = 0.628). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that lower LV end-diastolic diameter at baseline could be used for early diagnosis of AIC, whereas biomarkers and other morphological or functional parameters, including late LV gadolinium enhancement, did not show suitability for early diagnosis. ConclusionsWe observed a high prevalence of AIC in patients with otherwise unexplained LVSD and concomitant tachyarrhythmia, suggesting that this condition may be underdiagnosed in clinical practice. Most patients recovered fast, within months, from LVSD. A low initial LV end-diastolic diameter may constitute an early marker for diagnosis of AIC.

Violence and Power of the Modern British Monarch

Violence and Power of the Modern British Monarch

Thiocarbamoyl sulfamic acid‐derived mesoporous silica: a comprehensive study on selective adsorption of cobalt and lithium from spent lithium‐ion batteries

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is crucial for resource conservation and environmental sustainability, particularly due to the valuable metals they contain, such as cobalt and lithium. This study focuses on developing an ion‐exchange method for cobalt recovery from waste LIB solutions, using a mesoporous silica derivative of carbamoyl sulfamic acid (PST‐SA) as the adsorbent.RESULTSThe batch method for adsorption experiments identified the most effective conditions: a pH of 8, 0.08 g PST‐SA, and a shaking time of 60 min, at room temperature. These experiments demonstrated a remarkable cobalt uptake capacity of 270.70 mg g−1, highlighting PST‐SA's exceptional adsorption capabilities. Additionally, thermodynamic studies revealed the adsorption process to be both endothermic and spontaneous, enhancing our understanding of its chemically reactive mechanisms.CONCLUSIONSThe practical application of PST‐SA, particularly when processing spent LIBs, showcases its real‐world utility. The efficient separation of cobaltous oxalate and lithium phosphate into pure forms emphasizes PST‐SA's potential in recycling and resource recovery. Given its cost‐effectiveness and strong adsorption capacity, PST‐SA stands out as an excellent solution for the removal of Co(II) from discarded LIBs, promoting sustainable material recovery practices. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Disassemblability Assessment of Car Parts: Lessons Learned from an Ecodesign Perspective

A conventional vehicle requires more than 50 different metals in its manufacturing, most of which are critical. Given this circumstance, enhancing sustainability from a raw materials perspective requires improvements in the disassemblability of car parts. This enhancement aims to yield metal-rich fractions, enabling the application of effective recycling processes for the recovery of critical metals. This helps avoid the downcycling that occurs in conventional shredding processes. The present study was undertaken to analyze the challenges associated with disassembling components of significant value due to their metal content. The methodology comprises two distinct main stages: an identification of critical car parts and an assessment of disassemblability. The selection of car parts was determined by the criticality of each one through the thermodynamic rarity indicator. Disassemblability was studied experimentally, encompassing three different levels. This classification defines the stages from extracting parts from the vehicle and obtaining recycling fractions in their purest form: ferrous metals, aluminum, non-ferrous metals excluding aluminum, and plastics. This methodology was implemented on two vehicles manufactured by SEAT: SEAT Leon models II and III. As a result, not only was disassemblability information about these car parts collected, but several ecodesign recommendations were also identified as valuable guidance for future designs, specifically aimed at enhancing metals’ recyclability. In conclusion, it must be acknowledged that contemporary vehicle design often prioritizes cost-effective manufacturing processes. However, this approach may compromise the disassemblability and recyclability of the product. The ongoing transition to electric vehicles necessitates a re-evaluation of design principles, particularly from the perspective of the circular economy.

The Interplay of Spacer Chirality and Parity in Mesogenic Dimers.

Introducing chirality into soft materials, including liquid crystals (LCs), profoundly impacts their self-organization and physical properties. In this study, we synthesized a novel series of LC dimers with a chiral center as part of their flexible spacer. The dimers were prepared in racemic and enantiomerically pure forms. Their spacer length and parity were varied to investigate the effect of spacer chirality and parity on mesomorphic behavior and on chiral induction in the nematic phase of achiral mesogens. Our results show that the even-membered chiral dimers only have chiral nematic phases. In contrast, the odd-membered dimers display rich mesomorphism, including the intriguing blue phase (BP) and chiral form of the twist-bend nematic phase (N*TB). The observed significant difference in the 3D surface morphology between the racemic and chiral forms of the N*TB phase suggests that the chiral moiety in the spacer promotes a chiral hierarchy. Furthermore, the chiral dimers show a prominent odd-even effect in the helical twisting power in nematic hosts. These findings highlight the importance of the position of the chiral group within the dimeric molecule and provide new insights into how intrinsic chirality in the spacer affects the overall structural chirality.

In silico validation of hyaluronic acid – drug conjugates based targeted drug delivery for the treatment of COVID-19

The impact of COVID-19 urges scientists to develop targeted drug delivery to manage Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral infections with a fast recovery rate. The aim of the study is to develop Hyaluronic Acid (HA) drug conjugates of viral drugs to target two important enzymes (Mpro and PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2. Three antiviral drugs, namely Dexamethasone (DEX), Favipiravir (FAV), and Remdesivir (REM), were chosen for HA conjugation due to their reactive functional groups. Free forms of drugs (DEX, FAV, REM) and HA drug conjugates (HA-DEX, HA-FAV, HA-REM, HA-RHA, HA-RHE) were validated against Mpro (PDB ID 6LU7) and PLpro (PDB 7LLZ), which play an essential role in the replication and reproduction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The results of the present study revealed that HA-drug conjugates possess higher binding affinity and the best docking score towards the Mpro and PLpro target proteins of SARS-CoV-2 than their free forms of drugs. ADMET screening resulted that HA-drug conjugates exhibited better pharmacokinetic profiles than their pure forms of drugs. Further, molecular dynamic simulation studies, essential dynamics and free energy landscape analyses show that HA antiviral drug conjugates possess good trajectories and energy status, with the PLpro target protein (PDB 7LLZ) of SARS-CoV-2 through long-distance (500 ns) simulation screening. The research work recorded the best drug candidate for Cell-Targeted Drug Delivery (CTDD) for SARS-CoV-2-infected cells through hyaluronic acid conjugates of antiviral drugs. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma