Pure Form Research Articles

Phase control of sulfide nanocrystals from thiourea-mediated solution

Nanomaterials that feature multiphase dictated by corresponding thermodynamic or kinetic conditions demonstrate great diversity for the exploration of novel properties like photovoltaics or thermoelectricity. To access a specific phase, especially those with a metastable nature, requires effective means to harness the determining parameters ruled by the intrinsic phase diagram. In this report, we develop a solvothermal model that is able to accurately tune the oxidation state of the metal ions in a sulfide system Cu-Sb-S, which in turn effectively regulates the phase evolution process to achieve the expected product (nanoparticles or film) in a phase pure form at a low temperature. The systematic in-situ and control investigations on different transient states illustrate the function of specific chemical groups in thiourea. Such an approach represents a general engineering method that can be readily employed in different systems, such as the Cu-Fe-S system. Furthermore, this one-pot synthetic strategy is capable of fine-tuning mix-phase sulfide nanocomposites as well. Therefore, it provides a platform to research sulfide’s phase-tunable properties, performance, and applications.

Eco-friendly assessment of turmeric-assisted approach in developing and validating a method for the quantification of atropine sulphate in bulk and tablet dosage form using UV–Visible spectrophotometry

The literature review uncovers the quantitative analysis of atropine sulfate using either direct determination methods or chemical derivatization techniques. However, in order to innovate upon traditional analytical approaches, an alternative method for estimating atropine sulfate was developed using the natural pH indicator turmeric. An economical and accurate chemical derivatization technique utilizing turmeric powder was devised for the quantification of atropine sulphate in both bulk and tablet dosage forms. The maximum absorption was identified at 600 nm, with a linear range spanning 0.5 – 2.5 µg/ml. The correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to be 0.9997±0.0006, demonstrating an exceptional level of linearity. Rigorous validation of the proposed method affirmed its simplicity, precision, accuracy, and rapidity in determining atropine sulphate in both its pure form and dosage forms. Additionally, the developed approach underwent assessment through the Analytical GREEnness Metric (AGREE), Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), and Analytical Eco-scale Assessment (AES). The AGREE and AES scores were observed to be 0.78 and 96, respectively, signaling highly favorable eco-friendly outcomes.

Impressive spectrofluorimetric framework for determination of newly approved anti-coagulant betrixaban using silver-nanoparticles; with assessment of blueness, whiteness and greenness.

A straight-forward, affordable, sensitive and ecologically friendly spectrofluorimetric method was introduced for the determination of the newly approved direct oral anticoagulant drug betrixaban (BXN) at the nano-scale level. The approach is based on turning on the fluorescence of BXN using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was based on the reduction capability of BXN in response to silver nitrate using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizing agent, and sodium hydroxide solution for promoting the continuity of the nucleation and growth processes of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were recognized and characterized using UV/visible spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Zeta Potential, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The fabricated AgNPs were found to enhance the fluorescence intensity of BXN, allowing its sensitive and precise quantitative determination at an emission wavelength of 369 nm after excitation at 303 nm. The proposed approach, verified in compliance with International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, achieved linearity over a concentration range of 0.20–1.5 μg/mL with quantification and detection limits of 0.097 and 0.032 μg/mL, respectively. BXN was estimated in its pure form with a high percentage recovery of 100.52 % and a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The studied approach was successfully applied for the assay of BXN in newly approved pharmaceutical dosage form with a high percentage of recovery (%Recovery = 100.20 %) and a low percentage of error (%Error = 0.96). Integration of white analytical chemistry was our emphasis in this study to provide sustainable analytical insight. Blueness (BAGI), whiteness (RGB Algorithm) and greenness (GABI and AGREE) of the evolved method were evaluated. An excellent white and green profile with satisfactory results and scores indicated the sustainability and impressive applicability of the evolved approach in pharmaceutical companies and quality control laboratories.

Spatial modeling connecting childhood atopic dermatitis prevalence with household exposure to pollutants

BackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory disease characterized by dry, pruritic skin. In the U.S., the prevalence of AD has increased over three-fold since the 1970s. We previously reported a geographic association between isocyanate-containing air pollution and AD as well as mechanistic data demonstrating that isocyanates induce skin dysbiosis and activate the host itch receptor TRPA1. However, non-spatial models are susceptible to spatial confounding and may overlook other meaningful associations.MethodsWe added spatial analysis to our prior model, contrasting pollution data with clinical visits. In addition, we conducted a retrospective case-control survey of childhood exposure to BTEX-related products. Finally, we assessed implicated compounds, in pure form and as part of synthetic fabric, for their effect on the growth and metabolism of skin commensal bacteria.ResultsSpatial analysis implicate benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and, most significantly, xylene (BTEX) compounds. Survey odds ratios for AD were significant for xylene-derived polyester bed sheets (OR = 9.5; CI 2.2–40.1) and diisocyanate-containing wallpaper adhesive (OR = 6.5; CI 1.5–27.8). Staphylococcus aureus lives longer on synthetic textiles compared to natural textiles. Meanwhile, synthetic fabric exposure shifts the lipid metabolism of health-associated commensals (Roseomonas mucosa and S. epidermidis) away from therapeutic pathways.ConclusionsWe propose that BTEX chemicals in their raw forms and in synthetic products represent a unifying hypothesis for environmentally induced AD flares through their ability to create dysbiosis in the skin microbiota and directly activate TRPA1. Unequal distribution of these pollutants may also influence racial disparities in AD rates.

Analytical Method Development and Validation of Brivaracetam in API and Marketed Formulation by RP-HPLC

A rapid and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the validated of brivaracetam in its pure form as well as in tablet dosage form. Chromatography was carried out on a Symmetry ODS RP C18,5mm, 15mm x 4.6mm column using a mixture of phosphate buffer: methanol: acetonitrile (30:35:35% v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min, the detection was carried out at 285 nm. The retention time of the brivaracetam was 2.183. The method produces linear responses in the concentration range of 60-140μg/ml of brivaracetam. The method precision for the determination of assay was below 2.0%RSD. The method was found to be sensitive, accurate and precise useful in the quality control of bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.

An In Vitro Study on the Antibacterial Activity of Statins Against the Most Common Bacterial Pathogens Causing Respiratory Tract Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Introduction The vast pleiotropic effect of statins has intrigued many researchers to select them as potential candidates against bacterial infections. The role of statins against bacterial pathogens remains debatable. This study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the antibacterial effect of commonly available statins against the most frequently isolatedbacterial pathogens causing respiratory tract infections in our tertiary care hospital using sputum as a sample. Materials and methods The study was conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory of our hospital. Drugs including atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin were purchased in pure form from Sigma Aldrich. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a solvent for all three drugs. The positive controls used were gentamycin and amoxicillin for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. Data regarding all the culture and sensitivity results of sputum samples of patients admitted to the Respiratory Intensive Care Unit over the past 12 months were analyzed. The most common bacterial pathogensStaphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from sputum specimens were taken for our study. The antibacterial effect of statins was studied using two methods: the agar cup diffusion method and the broth dilution method. The zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration of the drugs were calculated and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism software version 10.2.0. A one-way ANOVAtest was used to determine if there was any statistical difference between the different statins and antibiotic groups. An unpaired t-test was used to determine the statistical difference between the statins. Results and discussion For the agar cup diffusion method, our results displayed a lack of antibacterial activity of all three statinsatorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin against all three bacterial strainsStaphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Streptococcus pneumoniae after overnight incubation by agar cup method at concentrations of3.125 μg/ml, 6.25 μg/ml, 12.5 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml, respectively. The zone of inhibition observed was less than 4 mm (resistant) for all the serial dilutions of atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin. For the broth dilution method, the ANOVA test showed amoxicillin and gentamicin to have high statistically significant microbial growth inhibitory activity (p-value< 0.005) compared to atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. Statistically, though atorvastatin showed significant antimicrobial activity compared to normal saline and rosuvastatin,thiswas not considered clinically significant as the antimicrobial activity shown by atorvastatin was very negligible compared to the controls used and did not correspondto the serial dilutions of the drug. Conclusion Atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin lacked antibacterial activity against all three bacterial strains isolated from sputum specimens:Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.Hence, the use of statins as an antimicrobial drug for respiratory tract infections has limited applications.

Polyurethane sponges bearing cucurbituril adsorb Cr(III) and Pb(II) ions from contaminated water samples.

Water contamination with toxic metals causes harmful effects on the environment and to human health. Although cucurbiturils have carboxyl groups in their portal that can interact with metal ions, there is a lack of studies about their use as metal adsorbent. This scenario has motivated conduction of the present study, which addresses the use of cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) for adsorbing Pb and Cr from water samples, in free forms and immobilized in poly(urethane) sponges. The adsorption kinetics revealed that CB[8] leads to faster adsorption compared to CB[6], with equilibrium achieved in 8h for CB[8] and 48h for CB[6] for both metals, and achieved up to 80% of decrease in metal concentration. The Langmuir isotherm model provided a better description of adsorption for Cr and Pb in CB[6] and Pb in CB[8] with a maximum concentration adsorbed of 32.47mgg-1 for Pb in CB[6], while the Dubinin-Radushkevich model was more suitable for Cr adsorption in CB[8]. Sponges containing CB[6] and CB[8] have proven to be efficient for Pb and Cr remediation in tannery effluent samples, reducing Cr and Pb concentration by 42 and 33%, respectively. The results indicate that CB[6] and CB[8], whether used in their pure form or integrated into sponges, exhibit promising potential for efficiently adsorbing metals in aqueous contaminated environments.

Fabrication of Ion selective PVC Membrane Sensor for Potentiometric Determination of Escitalopram Oxalate in its Pure Form and Pharmaceutical Tablet

Fabrication of Ion selective PVC Membrane Sensor for Potentiometric Determination of Escitalopram Oxalate in its Pure Form and Pharmaceutical Tablet

Exploring the effect of BN doping in two-dimensional fullerene networks through first principle simulations

The doping of lighter non-metals like boron and nitrogen into fullerene C60 represents a promising advancement in the field of nanoelectronic devices. These doped two-dimensional (2D) materials offer improved stability and enhanced adsorption characteristics compared to pure form. Notably, It displays semiconducting behaviour, resulting in higher conductivity and carrier mobility. This study investigates the structural, electronic, optical, and conductivity/carrier transport properties of 2D polymer sheets made of fullerene, both with and without boron and nitrogen doping. We employ density functional theory (DFT) with PBE and HSE functionals, considering the inclusion of van der Waals (vdW) interactions. The research findings indicate that the 2D sheets of C60,C58B1N1, and C54B3N3 exhibit band gaps of approximately 0.97eV(1.51eV),1.08eV(1.65eV), and 1.05eV(1.56eV), respectively, as obtained from PBE (HSE) calculations. Moreover, according to the deformation potential theory, C58B1N1 exhibit ultra-high conductivity (1014Ω-1cm-1s-1 at room temperature). These sheets display cohesive energies of −8.76, −8.72, and -8.67eV, respectively, indicating their stability. These results are promising and underscore the significance of a single pair of BN dopants in fullerene monolayers for advancing next-generation 2D nano-electronic applications.

The Role of Nanoparticles in Sunscreen: UV Protection and Particle Size

Sunscreen formulas are essential for protecting the skin from damaging UV rays, which reduces the risk of sunburn, skin cancer, and premature aging. However, conventional sunscreens frequently lack further advantages including anti-aging and antioxidant capabilities. Strong polyphenolic component epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), present in green tea extracts, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and photoprotective properties. Similar to this, poly amino acids and hyaluronic acid (HA) have hydrating, anti-aging, and skin-repairing qualities. In this work, we investigated the co-delivery of EGCG and HA/poly amino acids in sunscreen formulations using nano-carriers, namely transferosomes and polymeric nanoparticles. To increase the effectiveness of these nano-carriers, a number of formulation factors, such as the drug-polymer ratio, surfactant concentration, homogenization speed, and sonication time, were improved. When compared to normal EGCG solutions, the optimized nano-formulations showed superior properties such reduced particle size, higher encapsulation efficiency, and improved skin permeability. Studies on cytotoxicity showed that the nano-formulations were not harmful to skin cells and that they increased cell viability when compared to EGCG in its purest form. Because the nano-formulations contained EGCG and HA/poly amino acids, they offered considerable protection against skin damage caused by UV radiation. The spherical shape of the nano-carriers was shown by transmission electron microscopy, and the lack of interactions between EGCG and excipients was validated by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.

Deux cents ans d’histoire des usages et mésusages du protoxyde d’azote

Deux cents ans d’histoire des usages et mésusages du protoxyde d’azote

Synergistic effect of nitrocellulose coating on structural and reactivity stabilization of ammonium nitrate oxidizer

The present work aims to stabilize the room temperature allotropic transition of ammonium nitrate (AN) particles utilizing a microencapsulation technique, which involves solvent/non-solvent in which nitrocellulose (NC) has been employed as a coating agent. The SEM micrographs revealed distinct features of both pure AN and NC, contrasting with the irregular granular surface topography of the coated AN particles, demonstrating the adherence of NC on the AN surface. Structural analysis via infrared spectroscopy (IR) demonstrated a successful association of AN and NC, with slight shifts observed in IR bands indicating interfacial interactions. Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) analysis further elucidated the structural changes induced by the coating process, revealing that the NC coating altered the crystallization pattern of its pure form. Thermal analysis demonstrates distinct profiles for pure and coated AN, for which the coated sample exhibits a temperature increase and an enthalpy decrease of the room temperature allotropic transition by 6 °C, and 36%, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of NC coating alters the intermolecular forces within the composite system, leading to a reduction in melting enthalpy of coated AN by ∼39% compared to pure AN. The thermal decomposition analysis shows a two-step thermolysis process for coated AN, with a significant increase in the released heat by about 78% accompanied by an increase in the activation barrier of NC and AN thermolysis, demonstrating a stabilized reactivity of the AN-NC particles. These findings highlight the synergistic effect of NC coating on AN particles, which contributed to a structural and reactive stabilization of both AN and NC, proving the potential application of NC-coated AN as a strategically advantageous oxidizer in composite solid propellant formulations.

A New Visible Spectrophotometric Approach for Determination of Methyldopa in Pharmaceuticals

الهدف من البحث هو تطوير طريقة طيفية جديدة لتقدير عقار الميثيل دوبا بشكليه النقي والصيدلاني تعتمد الطريقة المقترحة على التفاعل بين المثيل دوبا و كاشف الانسدين بوجود نيتروبروسيد البوتاسيوم وهيدروكسيد الصوديوم لتكوين ناتج ملون تم دراسة تأثير العديد من العوامل المؤثرة على ناتج التفاعل تتضمن تركيز الكاشف و زمن التفاعل و استقرارية الناتج الملون مع ضبط هذه العوامل. متابعة التفاعل تمت بقياس الامتصاص عند 597 نانومتر للناتج الملون. في مدى من التركيز من (0.50 إلى 80.0) ميكروغرام.مل -1 كانت حساسية ساندل 0.0218 مايكروغرام.سم-1 و حد الكشف 0.0353 مايكروغرام.مل-1 و الحد الكمي 0.2691 مايكروغرام.مل-1. تم تطبيق الطريقة المقترحة بنجاح لتقدير المثيل دوبا في المستحضرات الصيدلانية.

A Comparative Study of “Numbers” in Mythology and Science within the Perspective of Ernst Cassirer’s Philosophy of Symbolic Forms

This study aims to compare the differences and connections between the concepts, function, manifestation, and value dimensions of “number” in mythology and science from the perspective of Cassirer's philosophy of symbolic forms. It reveals the symbolic nature of “number” in mythology, analyzes the pure form of “number” in science, and explains how “number” constructs the logical system and cognitive framework of the scientific world as a pure formal symbol in the scientific system. By comparing the concept, manifestation, function, and value of “number” in mythology and science, this study reveals the philosophical and cultural significance behind them. In Ernst Cassirer's symbolic form philosophy, mythology and science, as important forms of human culture, together with other cultural forms such as art, constitute an integral part of "humanity" The primary research methods are literature review, comparative analysis, and case study. By systematically reviewing the discussions on mythology, science, and other fields in Cassirer’s philosophy of symbolic forms, typical mythological stories and scientific theories are selected for a detailed comparative analysis of the use of “number” within them. The study has found that, emanating from the intuitive form of mythological thinking, “numbers” in mythology serve as one of the fundamental structures of the mythical world. In mythology, numbers exist as potent entities, transcending mere symbolic status. On the contrary, in science, "numbers" serve as an abstract symbolic language that follows clear and explicit structural principles, elucidating the essence and relationships between various scientific phenomena.

Antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity pattern by line immunoassay in a hospital from eastern India: Update from a laboratory perspective.

The existence of more than one antibody in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) or connective tissue disease (CTD) along with features of more than one autoimmune disease (AD) in an individual is suggestive of overlap syndrome (OS). Line immunoassay (LIA) can target many autoantibodies in a single approach, thus making the identification of OS feasible. This study aimed to identify the pattern of distribution of antinuclear antibodies by LIA prevalent in a hospital population in eastern India and identify common forms of SARD in this belt based on laboratory findings. A total of 1660 samples received for ANA profile testing by LIA were analysed. Factor analysis was performed with factor loading scores used in the k-means algorithm to identify clustering of various autoantibodies. U1-snRNP positivity was the highest at 16.69%, and the least frequent autoantibody noted was anti-Jo-1 at 0.71% positivity. Based on the outcome of factor analysis, three clusters were determined. Cluster 1 showed a predominance of anti-PM/Scl antibodies, cluster 2 showed a predominance of anti-dsDNA, anti-histone, anti-SmD1, anti-nucleosomes, anti-PCNA, anti-Po, anti-SSA/Ro52, anti-SSA-Ro60, anti-SSB/La, anti-Scl-70, anti-Mi-2, anti-Ku and anti-AMA-M2, and cluster 3 showed a predominance of anti-U1-snRNP. Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and overlap syndrome (OS) are prevalent more than pure form of an AD in our study population. OS may be missed out by monospecific immunoassays and hence adds to diagnostic challenges. LIA may be more useful in identifying specific autoantibodies by a single approach rather than monospecific immunoassays in populations after a positive screen by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF).

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПРОЕКТАМИ КАК ЭФФЕКТИВНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

Environmental problems (air and water pollution, decline in biodiversity, noise pollution, etc.) that humanity faces today are partly related to the need to increase basic literacy of the population in the field of environmental protection and conservation. Existing environmental education in higher educational institutions often does not correspond to the principle of connection between theory and practice. Students are told about existing problems as a given, and not about what can and should be changed. However, in future professional activity, each student will have to “present” not knowledge in its pure form, but the ability to apply it in specific practical situations. In this regard, the article presents a project method of working with students, which allows them to be involved in active environmental activities. The authors examined an important environmental problem, using the example of a decline in the number of sterlet, and presented its relevance. The article also illustrates an effective step-by-step mechanism that must be included in the educational environment of higher educational institutions that train qualified personnel, ensure people's safety, a technosphere comfortable for human life and activity, and also minimize the technogenic impact on the environment. Based on the study, the authors came to the conclusion that design allows students to switch from passive consumers of knowledge to active creators who can analyze problems, find the optimal result and prove its correctness. The article is intended for further application of the method by the pedagogical community in the educational process in order to improve the existing educational system.

Effect of Casearia sylvestrison the obliteration of dentinal tubules and the control of dental sensitivity

The present study evaluated the efficacy of the mineralizing action of Casearia sylvestris ethanolic extract on bovine dentin blocks in its pure form and in dental paste, through scanning electron microscopy. The dentin blocks were immersed in artificial saliva and incubated at 37°C for 7 days. Subsequently, six groups were treated with different test substances and analysed qualitatively and quantitatively at 30 and 60 days. The tests used were Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's. Shapiro-Wilk and ANOVA. The qualitative analysis at 30 days showed a difference between the groups treated with ethanolic extract and toothpaste. Quantitatively, at 30 days, treatment with ethanolic extract of Casearia showed a greater number of open dentinal tubules. At 60 days, the difference persisted only for the blocks treated with toothpaste. The results obtained indicated that there is a positive relationship between the use of Casearia sylvestris and obliteration of dentinal tubules.

Efektifitas Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Kelapa dan Sereh untuk Pembuatan Perisa Alami dengan Biokatalisator Lipase serta Penggunaan Ultrasonik

In general, flavor are synthesis through enzymatic hydrolysis and esterification reactions (up to 20 hours) using commercial ingredients based on free fatty acids and alcohol. Efficient endeavors utilizing enzymatic transesterification to expedite reactions are necessary to acquire flavored products. Substrates may originate from commercial or natural sources abundant in fatty acids and alcohol. Commercial fatty acids and alcohol (geraniol) are readily available in pure forms. Alternatively, fatty acids can be sourced from coconut oil, while geraniol can be derived from lemongrass oil, which is more cost-effective compared to commercial ingredients. Ultrasonics have emerged as a means to expedite enzymatic. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of ultrasonic power and transesterification reaction time between coconut oil and geraniol on geraniol conversion. Utilizing lipase (415.99 U/g), coconut oil was subjected to transesterification with commercially obtained pure geraniol in a 1:3 weight ratio, conducted in an ultrasonic tank filled with water. Reaction durations spanned 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes, with ultrasonic powers set at 50, 70, and 90 watts. The study findings elucidated that the highest geraniol conversion rate of 50.59% was achieved with 70 watts of ultrasonic power over a 90-minute period. These optimal conditions were subsequently applied to transesterify coconut oil with geraniol from lemongrass oil, yielding a conversion rate of 90.29%. This finding demonsttrate the posibility of employing coconut oil and lemongrass oil in a one-stage transesterification process to produce natural flavors via enzymatic lipase catalysis expedited by ultrasonic technology, facilitating swift reaction times.

Development and Validation of Chromatographic Methods for Simultaneous Estimation of Aspirin and Pantoprazole Sodium in Pure and Mixture Form.

This technique is employed for the simultaneous quantification of aspirin (ASP) and pantoprazole sodium in both pure powder form and formulations. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method uses a C-18 column (250mm × 4.6mm, 5μm) with a mobile phase consisting of 0.05M disodium hydrogen phosphate and methanol in a 40:60% v/v ratio. The flow rate is maintained at 1.0mL/min. On a layer of silica gel 60F254 with an aluminum backing, the high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) separation was carried out with ethyl acetate and methanol (8: 1.5v/v) as the mobile phase. With a mean recovery of 100.54% and 99.55% for ASP and PNT, respectively, quantification was accomplished using the HPLC method with UV detection at 286nm over the concentration range of 0.1-0.6g/mL for PNT and 0.4-2.4g/mL for ASP. With a mean recovery of 99.44% and 99.01% for ASP and PNT, respectively, quantification was achieved using the HPTLC method with UV detection at 298nm over the concentration range of 400-2400ng/spot for ASP and 100-600ng/spot for PNT, respectively. The methods can be used for the simultaneous determination of ASP and PNT in pure powder form and formulations as they are simple, accurate and sensitive.

Solvation of Model Biomolecules in Choline-Aminoate Ionic Liquids: A Computational Simulation Using Polarizable Force Fields.

One can foresee a very near future where ionic liquids will be used in applications such as biomolecular chemistry or medicine. The molecular details of their interaction with biological matter, however, are difficult to investigate due to the vast number of combinations of both the biological systems and the variety of possible liquids. Here, we provide a computational study aimed at understanding the interaction of a special class of biocompatible ionic liquids (choline-aminoate) with two model biological systems: an oligopeptide and an oligonucleotide. We employed molecular dynamics with a polarizable force field. Our results are in line with previous experimental and computational evidence on analogous systems and show how these biocompatible ionic liquids, in their pure form, act as gentle solvents for protein structures while simultaneously destabilizing DNA structure.