Pure Cotton Research Articles

Antimicrobial cotton fibre coated with UV cured colloidal natural rubber latex: A sustainable material

This work reports a simplistic approach to develop an antimicrobial coating material based on natural rubber latex (NRL). Here, crosslinking of the NRL (cis 1,4-poly(isoprene) was carried out utilizing “thiol-ene chemistry” using trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (trithiol) as a crosslinker and Irgacure-184 as a photoinitiator under UV irradiation. This process was utilized to prepare an antimicrobial NRL coated cotton fibre via adopting a dip coating method and subsequent curing. Prior to the coating on the cotton fibre and curing of NRL, it was mixed with modified chitosan (Cts) stabilized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) at a pH 7.4 (physiological pH). Presence of Ag NPs incorporated cured NRL coating over the cotton fibre, significantly increases its elongation at break up to 25% as compared to the pure cotton fibre (14%). It also increases the hydrophobicity (Water contact angle = 102°) of the fibre. The as-prepared fibre exhibits superior antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and non-cytotoxic tested over the NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell line which indicates its potential application in the antimicrobial textile.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ КОЛЛЕКЦИОННЫХ ОБРАЗЦОВ ХЛОПЧАТНИКА GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L. В УСЛОВИЯХ КРАСНОДАРСКОГО КРАЯ

Background . Cotton production, processing and trade are essential part of the world economy. The acreage under cultivated cotton over the world has expanded during the past five years, while total production of cotton fiber has increased almost twice. Cotton is the most demanded natural fiber in Russia: the share of pure cotton in Russian commercial textile trade is up to 54%. Effective use of Russia's diverse climate conditions to solve priority tasks of the domestic industry and agriculture has high innovative importance, considering that the share of imported cotton in the country's total textile inputs used by its light industry is 40%. Therefore, it is urgent and important enough to evaluate the effect of soil and climate conditions in the south of Russia on cotton yield and fiber quality. Materials and methods. In 2016, a research was accomplished to evaluate the accessions of Gossypium hirsutum L. listed in the introduction catalogue in the steppe areas of Prikubanskaya Plain, Krasnodar Region (Kuban Experiment Station of VIR, Gulkevichi District), according to VIR's guidelines. The most important features of cotton fiber were estimated in the context of the trends existing on the world market (HVI testing). Results and conclusions . Accessions that produced 75 -100% of mature plants after 120 days of vegetation were described. Fiber yield of the studied white fiber accessions was not high. With some exceptions, accessions yielding naturally colored fiber had lower productivity than white fiber ones. The accession i-604984 exceeded the reference in fiber productivity, boll weight, and fiber harvest. The results of HVI tests showed that the evaluated accessions yielded fiber of good quality (4-5th type of the O'zDSt604-2001 standard, Uzbekistan). Fiber of the accessions i-604971 and i-604975 had the best strength. The fibers of all accessions demonstrated high or very high degree of uniformity in length. All white fiber accessions demonstrated normal micronaire values, quite acceptable for textile industry. Micronaire indicators of colored cotton accessions were only slightly lower than those of white fiber ones in maturity and fineness, but these differences were not significant when compared with the references.

Modelling considerations for the degradation of cellulosic paper

The aim of this research was to design a model for simulating the degradation of paper in various environmental conditions by taking into consideration all the parameters (exogenous and endogenous) that influence the overall process of the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose. Three kinetic equations (Ekenstam, Calvini, and Ding and Wang) for determining the degradation rate coefficient (k) were compared. For this purpose, previously published and new experimental data on the degradation of pure and unsized cotton linter papers (neutral and acidic) upon ageing were used. The frequency factor parameter (A) in the Arrhenius formula was adjusted with additional input factors in the expression of A proposed by Zou et al. (Cellulose 3:243–267, 1996a). The model takes into account the increase of the acidity and the decrease of the moisture content induced during paper degradation. Besides the temperature and humidity, external gaseous pollutants (NO2, formic and acetic acids) were also taken into account as degradation factors. The model can be used to simulate cellulose depolymerisation of cotton papers exposed to single pollutants, but reached a limit for simulating with confidence the degradation of papers exposed simultaneously to multiple volatile compounds, due to the lack of available data, especially concerning certain volatile compounds counter-degradation effects. Future adjustments can be done when more experimental data becomes available.

Empathic Cognitions Affected by Undetectable Social Chemosignals: An EEG Study on Visually Evoked Empathy for Pain in an Auditory and Chemosensory Context.

Reduction of mu activity within the EEG is an indicator of cognitive empathy and can be generated in response to visual depictions of others in pain. The current study tested whether this brain response can be modulated by an auditory and a chemosensory context. Participants observed pictures of painful and non-painful actions while pain associated and neutral exclamations were presented (Study 1, N = 30) or while chemosensory stimuli were presented via a constant flow olfactometer (Study 2, N = 22). Chemosensory stimuli were sampled on cotton pads while donors participated in a simulated job interview (stress condition) or cycled on a stationary bike (sport condition). Pure cotton was used as a control. The social chemosignals could not be detected as odors. Activity within the 8–13 Hz band at electrodes C3, C4 (mu activity) and electrodes O1, O2 (alpha-activity) was calculated using Fast-Fourier-Transformation (FFT). As expected, suppression of power in the 8–13 Hz band was stronger when painful as compared to non-painful actions were observed (Study 1, p = 0.020; Study 2, p = 0.005). In addition, as compared to the neutral auditory and chemosensory context, painful exclamations (Study 1, p = 0.039) and chemosensory stress signals (Study 2, p = 0.014) augmented mu-/alpha suppression also in response to non-painful pictures. The studies show that processing of social threat-related information is not dominated by visual information. Rather, cognitive appraisal related to empathy can be affected by painful exclamations and subthreshold chemosensory social information.

New microcapsules based on isosorbide for cosmetotextile: Preparation and characterization

The preparation of polyurethane bio-based microcapsules containing the neroline fragrance aimed at cosmetotextile applications was investigated. The polyurethane shell material was synthesized by interfacial polycondensation using isosorbide and hexane diisocyanate as monomers.Chemical characterization by means of IR-ATR and TGA confirmed the formation of a polyurethane wall and the fragrance encapsulation up to 73% of the dry microcapsules. The physicochemical characterization of neroline-loaded microcapsules was carried out, including thermal properties, size distribution, morphology and zeta potential. The spherical microcapsules of size ranging between 2 μm and 100 μm had a rough external surface. Their thermal stability up to 260 °C was favorable regarding their application to deposition onto textile fibers. According to their IsoElectrical Point of 5.38, these microparticles were anionic at neutral pH. An isosorbide-based cationic surfactant has been adsorbed at the surface of the microcapsules for charge reversal into cationic and stronger binding to negatively charged cotton fabric.Besides, neroline-loaded microcapsules were fixed on pure cotton fabric by an impregnation technique. The reality and durability of the textile treatment were assessed by SEM and Gas Chromatography analysis. The cotton knitted fabric treated with fragrant microcapsules progressively released its microcapsule content; significant amount of residual neroline remained until 40 washing cycles.

Electromagnetic shielding performance of three-dimensional woven fabrics with copper-based hybrid yarn in X-band frequency range

This study involves a comprehensive evaluation of electromagnetic shielding characteristics of multilayer three-dimensional conductive fabrics by using cotton/copper wrapped hybrid yarn in X band frequency range. Five, three-dimensional fabrics with different structural configuration, such as orthogonal, angle interlock, cellular spacer, multi-tubular spacer, and contour were produced. Three different series of all five structures was also developed using pure cotton fabric, conductive hybrid yarn in weft and one-third hybrid yarn and two-third cotton yarn in warp Also, the effect of vertical and horizontal polarization of electromagnetic waves on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness was studied. The comparative analysis of reflectance transmittance and absorption behavior was also undertaken. The results indicate that pure cotton fabric (A series) does not have electromagnetic shielding capabilities. The difference between the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness values in vertical and horizontal planes of fabrics, having conductive hybrid yarn in weft direction (B series), showed significantly better results on the vertical plane in comparison to that on the horizontal plane. Fabric containing conductive hybrid yarn in both warp and weft (C series) exhibits consistent electromagnetic shielding effectiveness in both the planes. It is worth mentioning that the structural configuration in all five three-dimensional fabrics in B and C series has shown differential trends of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness in terms of reflectance, transmittance and absorption behavior. They are also found to be statistically significant. Finally, it is concluded that the conductive 3-D multilayer system develops special protective capabilities, mostly due to its larger surface area.

An investigation on the unevenness, hairiness and friction coefficient properties of cotton-bamboo blended ring-spun yarns

This study aims to investigate the frictional and other important yarn properties such as unevenness and hairiness of cotton/bamboo blended yarns. For this purpose, %100 cotton, %50/%50 cotton/bamboo and %100 bamboo ring spun yarns were produced in five different twist coefficients (ae: 3.5; 3.7; 4.0; 4.2; 4.5) and in four different linear densities (Ne 16/1; 20/1; 24/1; 28/1). General factorial design was used for analyzing the data. In conclusion, the highest friction coefficient and the lowest hairiness were obtained for the pure bamboo blends; whereas, the highest unevenness values were observed in pure cotton

Air, moisture and thermal comfort properties of woven fabrics from selected yarns

Air and moisture transport properties of plain woven fabric made from 20sNec cotton in warp and 20sNec pure yarns of tencel, modal, pro-modal, bamboo, polyester and cotton yarn inweft direction are studied. Major characteristics added for this study include water vapour permeability, air permeability, wettingtime and wicking speed. In comparison of six different samples of variously composed materials in weft direction, the air permeability of tencel was minimum and polyester was maximum, whereas the reverse results were observed for both the samples in case of water vapour permeability. Among the blends with cotton, thermal conductivity of bamboo and thermal absorptivity of polyester was found maximum whereas the minimum thermal resistance was observed for pro modal yarn in weft. Similar pattern was observed in spreading speed and wetting time of the polyester when observed from either side top or bottom. Air and moisture comfort properties of bamboo and pro modal, having nearly similar values are suggested to be used in garments used for golf players

Dynamic characterization of biocomposites under high strain rate compression loading with split Hopkinson pressure bar and digital image correlation technique

ABSTRACTIn this paper, dynamic response and energy absorption characteristics of three different types of wood-based biocomposites have been investigated using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). Different types of biocomposite panel were produced using a Dieffenbacher hot press with a particular composition of refined cotton motes, pure cotton, and sweet potato flour. The strain induced in the specimen under dynamic stress equilibrium was obtained using the SHPB. Impact event at the zone of specimen was captured using a Shimadzu HPV-2 high-speed video camera. Digital image correlation (DIC) was performed using Proanalyst to obtain the strain in the specimen. Excellent agreement was found between the strains obtained using the SHPB and DIC analysis over three strain rates on three types of biocomposites. The biocomposite produced with cotton motes had the highest ultimate strength and specific energy absorption among three different types of biocomposites tested in this study.

Hydrophobic lipophilic modified cotton fabric for oil absorption applications

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the method of “hydrophobic modified coating” was used by introducing the low surface energy hydrophobic groups and silica nanoparticles on the surface of towel fabric. A hydrophobic lipophilic cotton fabric with biodegradability and super absorbent capacity was prepared by modifying the surface by silica nanoparticles. The surface structure was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The performance indexes such as oil absorption ratio and oil retention rate were tested and evaluated. The results revealed that the hydrophobicity and oil absorption properties of the cotton fabrics were significantly improved after hydrophobic modification. The water contact angle is 140° and the oil contact angle is 0°, showing strong hydrophobicity of the modified fabric. In addition, the modified cotton fabric had an oil retention rate of 84.6%, which can be avoided as secondary pollution during the recycling of saturated pure cotton fabric. Moreover, the cotton fabric with residual oil can be used for power generation fuel, high fever, high enthalpy, and flammable ashless products.

Fire protection behavior of layer-by-layer assembled starch–clay multilayers on cotton fabric

UV–Vis spectrometry and quartz crystal microbalance were used to measure the growth of these films as a function of the number of bilayers deposited, while scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to visualize the morphology of the thin film coatings on the cotton fabric. Nanocomposites formed of cationic starch (CS) and clay introduced fire protection properties into the pure cotton fabric by layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. The optical properties and mass of the films were precisely controlled by the number of bilayers. In this case, CS and clay multilayer thin films were used to increase the thermal stability of the fabrics and improve the anti-flammable properties through the formation of a ceramic char layer and thermally stable carbonaceous structure at a high temperature. This study demonstrates the ability of the LbL technique to produce anti-flammable starch–clay nanocomposite thin films. Cone calorimetry showed the lower total heat release and heat release capacity of the LbL-coated fabric. The LbL-coated cotton samples exhibited a reduced afterglow time in vertical flame tests. An increased amount of residue indicates that the LbL technique is a simple method which can be used to produce eco-friendly flame retardant thin film coatings.

Facile formation of flexible Ag/AgCl/polydopamine/cotton fabric composite photocatalysts as an efficient visible-light photocatalysts

In this work, the excellent visible-light-response Ag/AgCl photocatalyst was prepared on cotton fabric using polydopamine (PDA) as adhesive agent and reducing agent through chemical self-polymerization and reduction-oxidation reaction. The introduction of PDA was beneficial for reducing Ag+ and bonding the Ag/AgCl photocatalyst on the cotton fabric. The fabrics played an important role in supporting photocatalysts and accelerating the adsorption of pollutants. Results showed that the Ag/AgCl photocatalysts were uniformly loaded on the surface of cotton fibers due to the influence of PDA. The cotton(C)/PDA/Ag/AgCl photocatalysts displayed an outstanding photocatalytic activity with 95% of C.I. RB-19 dye degradegation rate within 180 min. Its degradation rate constant was approximately 31 times higher than those of pure cotton, C/PDA and C/PDA/Ag. And O2− and h+ were confirmed to be the active species in the photo-degradation process according to the free radical and holes scavenging experiment. Based on the above research results, the flexible C/PDA/Ag/AgCl composite photocatalytic fabric would have great advantages in dye wastewater field due to its outstanding photocatalytic activity and recyclability.

A novel blowing agent polyelectrolyte for fabricating intumescent multilayer coating that retards fire on cotton fabric

ABSTRACTSulfonated melamine‐formaldehyde (SMF) resin was successfully synthesized with a mixture of formaldehyde, melamine, and NaHSO3 in an aqueous solution. Then the SMF was used as the blowing agent to combine with chitosan and phytic acid for fabricating the intumescent flame retardant coating on the surface of the cotton fabric by layer‐by‐layer (LbL) self‐assembled technology. As characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the (chitosan/SMF + phytic acid)n coating was successfully deposited on the surfaces of cotton fibers. Thermogravimetric analysis results exhibited that the thermal stabilities of coated cotton fabrics under nitrogen and air atmosphere were enhanced at temperatures ranging from 400 to 700 °C compared with pure cotton fabric. At 700 °C, the char residues of cotton‐5BL and cotton‐10BL under a nitrogen atmosphere were improved 25.9 and 32 wt % than that of pure cotton fabric, respectively. In the vertical flame test, the self‐extinguishing could be obtained for the cotton‐10BL sample. This work first utilized SMF as negative polyelectrolyte to fabricate intumescent flame retardant coating by LbL self‐assembled technology on cotton fabric to strengthen its thermal stability and flame resistance. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46583.

Carbon Nanostructures Based Mechanically Robust Conducting Cotton Fabric for Improved Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Herein, an intelligent cotton fabric was fabricated using a non-ionic surfactant based macro structured carbonaceous coating through the ‘knife-over-roll’ technique. The developed novel fabric was tested as flexible, mechanically robust with prolonged chemical/moisture resistance. Various characterization techniques were thoroughly used to analyze the fabric. The as-prepared fabric shows an outstanding electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency (SE) of about 21.5 dB even at the lowest possible coating thickness (0.20 mm) where the highest EMI SE of 30.8 dB is obtained at only 0.30 mm coating thickness over the X-band frequency range (8.2-12.4 GHz), possibly due to the three-dimensionally interconnected network structure of conducting carbon particles. The micro-computed tomography disclosed the porous architecture and “void-filler” arrangement within the fabrics. For the betterment of serviceability and practicability of the coated fabric, the water tolerance and contact angle studies were conducted. The relatively high contact angle than pure cotton fabric, and excellent water resistance after coating ensure improved endurance for external or industrial uses. Therefore, this proof-of-construct manifests commercialization of the developed fabric for multipurpose applications in a facile, less-hazardous and economical way.

The mechanical and comfort properties of cotton and regenerated fibers blended woven fabrics

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the 100 percent pure cotton and 50:50 cotton and regenerated fibers (tencel, modal, bamboo, viscose) blends. The blends of regenerated fibers with cotton are studied so as to replace 100 percent cotton fabrics with the cotton blends as cotton cannot fulfill the demand of clothing due to the increasing population.Design/methodology/approachIn order to conduct this study, cotton, as natural cellulose fiber, was used. Regenerated fibers include viscose, tencel, modal and bamboo. Five yarn samples of Ne 30/1 of 100 percent cotton and blends (50:50) of cotton with tencel, modal, bamboo and viscose fibers were produced. The blending was done in the Blow-room, and yarn samples were produced by employing the ring spinning technique. Plain woven fabrics samples with Ends (76) and Picks (68) per inch of 120 gsm were prepared. The fabric samples were tested for mechanical (warp and weft tensile and tear strengths) and comfort properties (air permeability, moisture management and thermal resistance).FindingsCotton:tencel fabric has the excellent mechanical (tensile and tear strength) as well as comfort properties (air permeability, moisture management and thermal resistance). It means that the most suitable blend that cotton can make with the regenerated fibers is the tencel. Therefore, to have more comfortable fabrics, the fabrics which are being made by 100 percent cotton can be replaced with the cotton:tencel.Originality/valueTo the authors’ information, no study has been reported in which all the regenerated fibers blended with cotton were studied. Hence, the aim of this work is to study the mechanical and comfort properties of the regenerated fibers (modal, tencel, viscose and bamboo) blended with cotton. The blends of cotton with regenerated fibers might replace 100 percent cotton in clothing applications as cotton cannot fulfill the increasing demanding of clothing.

A bacterial coat that is not pure cotton.

Biofilms formed by E. coli and Salmonella contain a new form of modified cellulose

Enhancing energy production from waste textile by hydrolysis of synthetic parts

Waste jeans, containing cotton and polyester, are among the widely available sources for bioenergy production. In this study, the cotton part of waste jean was used for biogas and ethanol production. The hydrolysis of non-cellulosic part, i.e., polyester, and the pretreatment of cellulosic part was performed by sodium carbonate treatment. The effects of Na2CO3 concentration (0, 0.5, and 1 M) and temperature (50, 100, and 150 °C) on the cotton, polyester, and textile structure were investigated. The pretreated textile, with over 90% cellulose, was subjected to anaerobic digestion, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation to produce biogas, sugars, and ethanol, respectively. The maximum methane yields of 328.9 and 361.1 mL/g VS were achieved from pure cotton and jeans after pretreatment with 0.5 M Na2CO3 at 150 °C for 120 min, respectively. Using the pretreatment, the highest glucose yields of enzymatic hydrolysis were 88.0% and 81.71% for cotton and textile, respectively, while the corresponding values for untreated samples were 36.9 and 28.0%. The maximum ethanol yields of 69.4% and 59.5% were obtained from cotton and textile, respectively. It was concluded that the pretreatment is promising for the hydrolysis of the synthetic polymer of textile and the improvement of the biodegradability of the cellulosic part with negligible cellulose destruction.

Feature extraction of cotton plant height based on DSM difference method

Abstract: Spatiotemporal scale information of cotton plant height is closely related to cotton yield, and can provide a basis for irrigation, fertilization and topping of cotton in the field. In order to realize rapid monitoring of plant height during cotton growth period, this research obtained visible images of cotton initial bud stage, full bud stage and flowering stage by mounting an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and splices them to obtain its Digital Surface Model. The mean plant height of cotton in each sampling area was calculated by combining the DSM difference method and the sample statistical method of the region of interest to generate a high-level distribution map of cotton plant height with soil background removed. The results showed that the extraction method of plant height of cotton based on DSM difference method is stable ( R 2 of cotton in three periods is higher than 0.750, RMSE is less than 5 cm; plant height model R 2 =0.849 of cotton in the whole growth period). Therefore, DSM difference method can be used to achieve rapid and effective acquisition of cotton plant height, which is of great significance to guiding field cotton management. Finally, the vector files of pure cotton vegetation generated by the cotton TRVI vegetation index threshold method were used to crop the cotton DSM difference images, retaining the areas of only cotton vegetation in the test area, and generating the plant height class distribution maps of cotton at the first bud, full bud and flowering stages, so as to provide a theoretical basis for topping, irrigation and fertilization operations of cotton in the field. Keywords: visible images; unmanned aerial vehicle; plant height; digital surface model DOI: 10.33440/j.ijpaa.20210401.151 Citation: Yang H B, Hu X, Zhao J, Hu Y H. Feature extraction of cotton plant height based on DSM difference method. Int J Precis Agric Aviat, 2021; 4(1): 59–69.

Flame retardance of modified graphene to pure cotton fabric

Phosphorus- and nitrogen-doped graphene oxides are conveniently obtained by the modification of as-prepared graphene oxide and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared, and ultraviolet–visible spectra. The combustion performances of pure cotton fabric, respectively, enriched with graphene oxide, phosphorus-doped graphene oxide, and nitrogen-doped graphene oxides, are tested and evaluated. The results show that phosphorus-doped graphene oxide acts as the most promising flame retardant, which can effectively reduce the burning rate and heat release rate of the combustion process, with excellent smoke suppression effect. Based on the relevant parameters obtained from the experimental results of phosphorus-doped graphene oxide, Simtec simulation is operated to demonstrate vertical combustion of thin fabric before and after flame-retardant treatment, and the results are consistent with the trend of the experimental results and suggest a magnifying effect of phosphorus-doped graphene oxide.

Effect of CO₂ Laser Treatment on the Fabric Hand of Cotton and Cotton/Polyester Blended Fabric.

This paper compares the impact of laser treatment on cotton and cotton/polyester blended fabric hand properties, using the PhabrOmeter system. Five fabric hand properties, namely, stiffness, smoothness, softness, wrinkle recovery rate, and drapability, were obtained, and it was proven that laser treatment could be successfully used to change the fabric hand. In the case of pure cotton woven fabrics, the fabrics were found to have better drapability and wrinkle recovery after laser treatment. In cotton/polyester blended fabrics, stiffness was found to be relatively higher after laser irradiation.