Pure Cotton Research Articles

Effect of scouring and laundering on functional properties of natural colour cotton fabric

Natural color cotton is eco-supportive as they possess colour naturally in varied shades viz., brown, green, cream and other tints and shades of these colours. It has unique comfort and handle property which provides soothing to the wearer. A medium brown natural colour cotton fibre was spun into 20s count yarn on open end spinning and the pure colour cotton fabric was developed on handloom and subjected to scouring. The scoured natural colour cotton fabric undergone with multiple wash cycles and assessed for mechanical, functional properties, colour fastness to sunlight and washing properties. Results revealed that, the scoured natural color cotton fabrics at washing and sunlight was found to be increase in color strength and decrease in reflectance than the pure NCC fabric. After laundering at multiple washes, the scoured natural colour cotton fabric exposed to direct sunlight, it was found that the colour strength was significantly reduced and fabric became lighter, duller and yellower. However, the scoured natural colour cotton fabric subjected to washing and shade dried exhibited significantly greater K/S, which indicates the sample became darker, brighter and greener than the sample expose to direct sunlight. The natural colour cotton fabrics has better mechanical, functional and fastness properties can be suitable for production of diversified cotton products ranging from children garments to trendy outfits. Hence, the promotion of natural colour cotton fabrics is a sustainable approach for green environment.

The role of paper embedded security features in effective border control

Security documents are crucial types of documents, whose authenticity is genuine and cannot be counterfeited. For different types of security documents, a security paper is used, which possesses the property of being impenetrable to mileage, high temperature with unequivocal GSM, haziness, and thickness. This makes it sensible for merging the security features that make it different from normal paper. The commonly used substrate for any security document manufacturing is either plastic or paper. The process of manufacturing a security document begins with paper manufacturing by mechanical and chemical processing of wood pulp, and the security elements are incorporated in the further processing stages. The raw material used is mainly pure cotton fiber-based cellulose mixed with titanium oxide. The major security features include security threads, fibers, planchettes, and water marks which play a critical role in keeping up the uprightness of the security record for a fruitful edge control. Identity theft as well as deceitful utilization of personality and travel reports are the fundamental dangers confronting the control at international borders, while checking the legitimacy of the travelers’ character records assumes an essential job in guaranteeing the effectiveness of fringe control.

Surface engineering for cellulose as a boosted Layer-by-Layer assembly: Excellent flame retardancy and improved durability with introduction of bio-based “molecular glue”

Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembly was attractive as a versatile tool to address the flammability of cotton, while the washing fastness of LbL coating stayed an issue. Aiming to tackle this issue, LbL layers consisted of phenylphosphonic acid (PHA) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was deposited on polydopamine (PDA)-coated cotton. The prepared cotton reached 31.4% of limiting oxygen index (LOI), and extinguished immediately after removing the ignitor. Peak of heat release rate (pHRR) attenuated around 36 % compared with pure cotton. A combined barrier and quenching mechanisms were proposed. Moreover, enhanced washing durability (24.1% of LOI) was achieved even after 50 detergent laundering cycles. A facile, boosted LbL approach with proposed π − π stacking interactions between PDA abundant aromatic structures and benzene ring in PHA from LbL layers, is first to put forward to construct durable efficient flame retardant (FR) cotton. This work attempted to enlighten more thoughts and design for durable FR cotton fabrics.

Novel P/Si based nanoparticles for durable flame retardant application on cotton

Cotton fabric has a wide application due to its hygroscopicity, air permeability, and large production of cotton fiber used to make the fabric. However, cotton materials are a safety hazard during its application because of flammability (limiting oxygen index is about 18%). In order to improve the flame retardancy of cotton fibers and reduce the damage of its mechanical properties, novel P/Si based flame retardant (PFR) nanoparticles were synthesized by one-step radical polymerization. Vinyl phosphoric acid and tetramethyl divinyl disiloxane were introduced into the nanoparticles. The structure, morphology and thermal stability of PFR was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis test (TGA). Durable flame retardant cotton fibers were prepared by dip-coating and plasma induced crosslinking methods. Micro-calorimeter (MCC) characterization showed that the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) and the total heat release (THR) were reduced by 47.3% and 29.8% for modified cotton fibers compared with pure cotton fibers. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) of modified cotton fibers was increased to 27%. The residue carbon of modified cotton fibers was 19.0% at 700 °C, while the value of pure cotton fibers was 3.0%. Besides, durability of the modified cotton fibers was approved by cyclic washing test. In addition, flame retardant mechanism was revealed by collecting and analyzing condensed and gaseous pyrolysis products. The data of FE-SEM for residue carbon, FT-IR spectra of products at different pyrolysis temperatures and pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC–MS) showed that PFR was a synergistic flame retardant contained barrier and quenching effecting applied on cotton materials.Graphical abstractNovel phosphorus-silicon based nanoparticles were synthesized by one-step radical polymerization and applied to improve the flame retardant of cotton materials by dip-coating and plasma induced crosslinking.

Electroless plating process for the manufacture of radiation protection suits for pregnant woman: Effect of bending on its electromagnetic shielding performance

Multi-ion fabrics (especially silver ion fabrics) have special advantages as electromagnetic radiation, but the use of noble metals enhances its cost. Electroless nickel plating (EP-Ni) has great potential application in fabricating low-cost metallized material. Here, EP-Ni on pure cotton surface to fabricate radiation protection suits for pregnant woman was established to replace traditional protection suits with silver film. The active groups on the cotton/polyester blend fiber surface could absorb tin and palladium ions, acting as catalytic centers, which can catalyze the reduction of Ni2+ in the plating solution. Ni particle with (111) crystal plane preferential oriented crystal structure deposited on cotton surface with a coarse microstructure. The Ni deposited amount is about 19%. The fabricated material exhibited a shielding effectiveness of 29.5 dB. Studies also shown that bending has no negative effect on crystallinity and electrical property. But more bending times could lead to crack, which would decline electromagnetic shielding performance by 24%.

Synthesis of plant-mediated metal silver nanoparticles for fabric coating

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized usingAndrographis panniculata leaves extract and coated on pure cotton, polycotton and polyester fabrics using dip process, further AgNPs were characterized using UV visible spectra, XRD, EDAX and SEM. The nanostructure was confirmed by SEM. The average particle size was calculated by XRD and synthesized AgNPs with a face-centered cubic crystalline nature confirmed by XRD. The antibacterial potential of the AgNPs-coated fabrics were tested against the bacterial strain of S. aureus and E. coli, all the fabrics showing good antibacterial activity. By quantitative method, all the fabrics exhibited 99.99% inhibition against bacterial strains.

Enhancing ink adhesion of specialty paper using an interpenetrating polyvinyl alcohol-blocked polyurethane polymer network sizing system.

The printing quality and strength of specialty papers such as money, maps, newspapers and bank notes have been a significance challenge in recent years. The adhesive effect between ink and paper is depend on both the secondary binding force between the molecules and the mechanical anchoring effect of the ink on the paper. Also, the porous and fibrous structures of base paper restrain its application in printed products because of the strong capillary effect leading to the diffusion of ink particles. To address the problems involved in ink diffusion and mechanical reinforcement, surface sizing is an attractive choice from the perspective of paper handling. Herein, the surface sizing system of specialty paper with an interpenetrating polyvinyl alcohol-blocked polyurethane polymer network was applied to fabricate paper of high ink adhesive properties. In the case of the same external factors (gluing temperature, drying time, etc.), the surface sizing effect of paper samples (sizing with TBPU, polyvinyl alcohol and TBPU/PVA system) were evaluated by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, water contact angle measurements and scanning electron microscopy. Some of the pure cotton pulp paper with surface sizing treatment was treated via adhering inks to paper by spraying, smearing and soaking. The bonding strength was tested by peel-off tape tests, soaking tests, and simulated washing tests. The results showed that the water contact angle of the sized-paper increased from 67.6° to 89.7°. The mechanical properties had been greatly improved after treatment and SEM, AFM and XPS analyses indicated an increase in surface roughness and the oxygen-containing polar groups (C Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019 ]]> O, C–OH, –NH–COO– and COOH) enhanced the fixation of ink particles on the fiber surface. These tests indicated that the novel composite system of TBPU/PVA could endow specialty paper with superb mechanical properties and more than 90% ink retention rate. All these advantages of this composite system may contribute to its wide application in the fields of papermaking and printing.

Pembuatan kasur Ditinjau Dari KHES

Muamalah is a rule that governs one’s relationship with other. In muamalah allah SWT makes rules sothat people help each other, exchange needs in all matters of interest of their lives, whether by of buying and selling, renting, farming, or other companies, both for their own benefit and for wefare general. In sosopan village, most of the residents are farmers, and some are entrepreneurs, tailor and others. The mattress tailor is one of the economic supports in this pandemic wich requires staying at home, the material used in sewing this matterss is cotten: in the process of sewing this matterss, the purity of the material is highly ecpected by the communityto produce good matterss stitches and are comfortable to wear. And every consumer or society who orders amatterss from a tailor is always accompanied by a contract that the mattress that the customer or customer wants is purely cotton. This is where there tens to be a practice that is not in accordance with what has been agreed the begining, where the matterss tailor sells his clothes mixed with the rest of the stitches of other clothes (paco-paco), there is always a mixture of leftovers from the sewing of clothes in the seams of the matterss, in the middle of the matterss is filled with paco-paco. This practice occurs because matterss maker want to take advantage of the result of their casual stitches, these matterss makers load the mixture (paco-paco) right in the middle of the matterss. Next matterss, without any agreement with the buyer. In terms of the price of a matterss that contains paco-paco, the price is the same as a pure cotton matterss. This type of research is a field research using a qualitative descriftive analysis method. The approach of this reseach is by means of observation, interviews, documentation based on the provisions of the applicable Syariah Economic Law Compilation, wich relates to the manufacture of mattersses in sosopan village, Sosopan District, Padang Lawas regency. The researchesrs examined were matterss makers, matterss buyer, religious leader and traditional figures

Optimisation of fragrance finishing on cotton by grafting of β-cyclodextrin based microcapsules: Application of the experimental design methodology

Abstract The grafting reaction of β-cyclodextrin-based microcapsules containing neroline onto pure cotton jersey knitted fabric is studied. The influence of the concentrations of microcapsules, citric acid (CA) crosslinking agent and catalyst on the fabric mass gain was studied to determine the optimum operating conditions. For this purpose, an experimental design based on response surface methodology (RSM) was used leading to the development of a predictive statistical model. The optimal grafting conditions were thus determined: 107.6 g ⋅ L−1 for microcapsules concentration, 111.9 g ⋅ L−1 for CA concentration and 50 g ⋅ L−1 for disodium hydrogen phosphate (DHP) catalyst concentration (CAT). Morphology, tensile properties, air permeability and washing fastness of finished textile were studied to evaluate the effectiveness of the optimised grafting process.

Analyzing the effects of thermal stress on insulator papers by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy

Million tons of cellulosic paper have been used for insulating coils in oil-filled electrical power transformers, thereby assuring the electricity supply for our societies. The high working temperatures in transformers constantly degrade paper insulators throughout their service life of up to 40 years. We approached the structural changes in oil-immersed cellulosic paper samples upon thermal stress in a study that compared unbleached softwood Kraft paper used as insulator paper with pure cotton cellulose paper. The model experiments used a thermal treatment in transformer oil at 170 °C for up to 14 days. The samples were characterized by means of 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy, mainly based on deconvolution of the C4 resonance. An automated, fast, and reproducible C4 resonance deconvolution employing the “Peak Analyzer” tool of OriginPro 2020 (OriginLab Corporation, USA) was developed and used to exploit 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy for the characterization of thermally stressed paper samples. Our results show that thermally induced structural changes depend heavily on the composition of paper, that hornification and coalescence of fibrils take place, and that the allomorph composition of cellulose crystallites is altered under the given conditions.Graphical abstract

Synthesis and Characterization of Nonwoven Cotton-Reinforced Cellulose Hydrogel for Wound Dressings.

Hydrogels wound dressings have enormous advantages due to their ability to absorb high wound exudate, capacity to load drugs, and provide quick pain relief. The use of hydrogels as wound dressings in their original form is a considerable challenge, as these are difficult to apply on wounds without support. Therefore, the incorporation of polymeric hydrogels with a certain substrate is an emerging field of interest. The present study fabricated cellulose hydrogel using the sol–gel technique and reinforced it with nonwoven cotton for sustainable wound dressing application. The nonwoven cotton was immersed inside the prepared solution of cellulose and heated at 50 °C for 2 h to form cellulose hydrogel–nonwoven cotton composites and characterized for a range of properties. In addition, the prepared hydrogel composite was also loaded with titania particles to attain antibacterial properties. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of cellulose hydrogel layers inside the nonwoven cotton structure. The fabricated composite hydrogels showed good moisture management and air permeability, which are essential for comfortable wound healing. The wound exudate testing revealed that the fluid absorptive capacity of cellulose hydrogel nonwoven cotton composite was improved significantly in comparison to pure nonwoven cotton. The results reveal the successful hydrogel formation, having excellent absorbing, antimicrobial, and sustainable properties.

Effect of hybridization on mechanical, thermal and water absorption properties of biocomposite

Environmental concern over synthetic materials and sustainability issues due to the reduction of fossil fuels have given rise to remarkable progress in the development of green products like biocomposites. Natural fiber is used as reinforcement in biodegradable, ecofriendly and economic composites. However, they lack desired mechanical properties at highly humid or aqueous environment, which limits their application in many fields. Hybrid biocomposites with more than one type of natural fiber has recently drawn great research due to their improved properties. This paper focused on the studies of mechanical, thermal and water absorption properties of pure woven cotton fiber/ polystyrene (WCF/PS) and hybrid woven palm-cotton fiber/ polystyrene (WPCF/PS) biocomposite. The mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated by a Universal Testing machine (UTM) and thermal properties by Thermo Gravimetric analyzer (TGA). Water absorption properties were analyzed by % weight gain method. The mechanical properties including tensile strength, tensile modulus and impact strength were found to be higher in hybrid WPCF/PS biocomposite. Higher thermal stability and less water absorption property were observed in the hybrid sample. This study reveals that improvement in properties could be achieved in biocomposite through hybridisation of palm fiber with cotton fiber, which would help to widen their research scope and commercial acceptability.

Thermo-physiological and Handle-related Comfort Properties of Hemp and Flax Blended Denim Fabrics

ABSTRACT This study investigated the use of flax and hemp fibers in denim fabrics in terms of thermo-physiological comfort and handle-related properties. Cotton/flax and cotton/hemp blended fabrics with 2/1 twill and 3/1 twill weaves were selected and evaluated compared to pure cotton fabric. Besides, the effect of rinsing was examined. The findings revealed that the use of flax and hemp fibers improved the thermo-physiological and handle-related comfort properties of denim fabrics. Higher air permeability and water absorbency along with quick-drying behavior could be achieved in flax and hemp blended fabrics compared to pure cotton fabric. Handle-related comfort properties of flax and hemp blended fabrics indicated soft touch. Although the extension and formability values of the blended fabrics were low, they were at an acceptable level and were improved after the rinsing process.

Xylitol production from plant biomass by Aspergillus niger through metabolic engineering

Xylitol is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries as a valuable commodity product. Biotechnological production of xylitol from lignocellulosic biomass by microorganisms is a promising alternative option to chemical synthesis or bioconversion from D-xylose. In this study, four metabolic mutants of Aspergillus niger were constructed and evaluated for xylitol accumulation from D-xylose and lignocellulosic biomass. All mutants had strongly increased xylitol production from pure D-xylose, beechwood xylan, wheat bran and cotton seed hulls compared to the reference strain, but not from several other feed stocks. The triple mutant ΔladAΔxdhAΔsdhA showed the best performance in xylitol production from wheat bran and cotton seed hulls. This study demonstrated the large potential of A. niger for xylitol production directly from lignocellulosic biomass by metabolic engineering.

INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COTTON-POLYESTER FABRICS WITH BIOCIDAL TREATMENT

This article is devoted to the study of some aspects of increasing the biostability of cellulose-containing textile materials with new ecological biocidal products. This paper considers the study of the possibility of application for antimicrobial treatment of clothing cellulose-containing textile materials, new biocidal products of thiosulfonate structure and evaluation of changes in some of their mechanical properties. The influence of biocidal treatment on the rupture characteristics of tissues of different fibrous composition has been studied. New biocidal preparations of thiosulfonate structure of domestic production are used for biocidal treatment, which are synthetic analogues of natural phytoncides – garlic, onion and certain types of cabbage – ethylthiosulfanilate (ETS), methylthiosulfanilate (MTS) and allylthiosulfanilate (AТS). The aim of the article is to study the effect of new biocidal drugs of thiosulfonate structure on the change of the main mechanical properties that determine wear resistance. The efficiency and expediency of the use of these biocides are shown. As a result of the analysis of the received experimental data it is established that new biocidal drugs ETS, ATS, MTS not only protect fabrics from undesirable microbiological destructions, but also do not lead to deterioration of physical and mechanical properties of investigated fabrics. As a result of treatment with biocidal products of thiosulfonate structure of pure cotton and cotton-polyester fabrics for special purpose clothing, there is no significant reduction in the breaking load. This is due to the fact that when treated with the studied biocidal products as a result of modification there is no increase in the mutual mobility of cellulose macromolecules, so the possibility of load redistribution within the fiber and tensile strength fall on more structural elements.

Influence of Fuel Type and Water Content Variation on Pollutant Emission Characteristics of a Biomass Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler

In general, the biomass raw materials burned by biomass power plants generally have the characteristics of variable fuel types, high moisture content, and high volatile content. In this paper, a 130 t/h biomass circulating fluidized bed (BCFB) model was established on the MWorks platform with Modelica language. The influence of biomass type changes on operation parameters, the corresponding steady-state characteristics, and the dynamic characteristics of the BCFB were carried out. The temperature corresponding to the combustion of pine was overall higher than that of the other fuels, and the flue gas from the combustion of pine had the highest concentration of SO2, up to 520.49 mg/Nm3. The flue gas from the combustion of pure cotton sticks had the highest concentration of NO, up to 254.34 mg/Nm3. The changes of fuel type and moisture content all have a great influence on the operation of BCFBs. The emission of pollutants was not only related to the element content of fuel, but also closely related to the furnace temperature. The fuel moisture content also indirectly affects the pollutant emission concentration and the steam-water system.

You See What You Smell: Preferential Processing of Chemosensory Satiety Cues and Its Impact on Body Shape Perception.

The current study examines neural responses to satiety- and fasting-related volatiles and their effect on the processing of body shapes. Axillary sweat was sampled with cotton pads from 10 individuals after 12 h of fasting, and after having consumed a standard breakfast. Pure cotton pads served as the control. The chemosensory stimuli were presented to 20 participants (via a constant-flow olfactometer) exclusively, and additionally as context to images of overweight and underweight avatars. EEG was recorded (61 electrodes), and chemosensory (CSERPs; P1, N1, P2, P3) and visual event-related potentials (VERPs; N1, P2, P3a, P3b) were analyzed. The amplitudes of all positive CSERP components differed more strongly from cotton in response to chemosensory satiety cues as compared to fasting cues (P1: p = 0.023, P2: p = 0.083, P3: p = 0.031), paralleled by activity within the middle frontal and temporal gyrus. Overweight compared to underweight body shapes tended to elicit larger VERP P2 amplitudes (p = 0.068), and chemosensory satiety cues amplified the VERP amplitudes in response to any body shape (P2, P3a, P3b; all ps ≤ 0.017) as compared to the cotton control. The results indicate that chemosensory satiety cues transmit complex social information, overriding the processing of analogous visual input.

Flexible and superhydrophobic carbonized cotton fabrics for effective electromagnetic interference shielding

A series of carbonized pure cotton fabrics and Ni@C nanocapsules decorated fabrics with plain-weaved structure were obtained by simple thermal treatment at different temperatures. The carbonized fabrics possess flexibility and stable hydrophobic characteristics. The carbonization temperature significantly affects the defects configuration and the migration and combination of atoms. The graphitization degree of the fabrics increases with the increase of carbonization temperature, which means an increase in electrical conductivity. The introduction of Ni@C nanocapsules results in the reaction of sulfur-philic nickel with the sulfur in the fabrics, thereby generating nickel-based sulfides with good electrical conductivity on the surface of the fabric fibers. The pure cotton fabrics carbonized at 800 °C and the Ni@C nanocapsules decorated fabrics carbonized at 700 °C and 800 °C have achieved nearly complete shielding of electromagnetic waves. The present work not only proposes an efficient process for electromagnetic interference shielding materials but also has great significance in understanding the structural origin of electromagnetic phenomena.

Delayed Flammability for Natural Fabrics by Deposition of Silica Core-Amine Shell Microspheres through Dip-Coating Process

In this study, we synthesized a SiO2-APTES core-shell microsphere (Si-NH2-MS) flame retarding material (FRM) as a heat shielding layer on natural fabrics, such as jute, cotton, and flax(cellulose) fibers. This integration was made to improve the flame retardancy property of pure jute, pure cotton, and pure flax fibers by dip-coating deposition of charged anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes to create thin multilayer coatings on the surface of the fabrics via electrostatic interactions. Additionally, through interionic interactions, a strong gluing mechanism occurs between the fabric surface and Si-NH2-MS. Pure jute, pure cotton, and pure flax burned completely within 14, 12, and 10 s, respectively, whereas 2 wt% Si-NH2-MS treated jute, cotton, and flax fibers showed delayed burning times of 21, 18, and 15 s, respectively. Furthermore, 5 wt% Si-NH2-MS treated jute, cotton, and flax fibers showed delayed burning times of 48, 41, and 23 s, respectively, due to the thermal insulation layers developed by the proposed Si-NH2-MS, which were coated uniformly on the surface of the fibers with the help of covalent bonds. Moreover, ignition resistance and self-extinguishing competencies have been observed on fabrics coated with 5 wt% of Si-NH2-MS, which could be a great advantage for indoor fire quenching applications.

Flexible wearable and self-powered humidity sensor based on moisture-dependent voltage generation

With the rapid development of technology, researchers have been paying a lot of attention to personal health wearable electronics products. And environmentally friendly and renewable cellulose-based materials have become a research hotspot. In this work, the porous pure cotton non-woven fabric (NWF) was used as the backing material and modified by different concentration of CoCl2 solutions in order to obtain the CoCl2@NWF composite film with moisture-sensitive properties. Switching tests under different relative humidity levels showed that the CoCl2@NWF composite film would have visible discoloration. The humidity sensor obtained by simple pasting not only shows a maximum response value of more than 200 mV output voltage under 98% relative humidity (RH), but also a good cyclic performance. In addition, due to the unique characteristics of non-woven materials, the sensor also exhibits excellent resistance to bending and durability. Finally, we also explored the humidity monitoring of this sensor, which showed an excellent response performance to human respiration; thus, indicating that our sensor exhibits great potential in practical applications.