Pulley Diameter Research Articles

PERANCANGAN MESIN PENGIRIS TEMPE SEMIOTOMATIS DENGAN ARAH PENGIRISAN HORIZONTAL

The tempeh slicing machine is a tool to assist the production of tempeh chips used by chips SMEs. For now, there are still many MSME chips that slice tempeh manually using a knife or similar cutting tool. It is necessary to design a semi-automatic tempeh slicing machine so that it can replace manual work. The expected results are to make the tempeh slicing time faster, the tempeh slicing process safer, and to get tempeh slices that are consistent in thickness and according to the target. The specifications of the tempeh slicing machine design are as follows: length 545 mm, width 500 mm, height 700 mm can be adjusted (adjustable), motor power 0.25 HP with rotation speed of 1,410 rpm, shaft diameter 30 mm, pulley driver diameter 50.8 mm, the diameter of the driven pulley is 254 mm, the rotation speed of the slicing disk is 282 rpm. The performance of the machine is not in accordance with the design, where when used for slicing tempeh, the results are 98% of the slices are not feasible and only 2% of the slices are feasible. But when used for slicing cassava, potatoes and carrots, the resulting slices were 98% proper slices and 2% improper slices. The machine designed for slicing tempeh did not work for slicing tempeh but it did for slicing cassava, potatoes and carrots.

ПОЛЕВЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПОЧВООБРАБАТЫВАЮЩЕГО КАТКА ВИБРАЦИОННОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ

A completely new design of a vibrating soil tillage roller was developed, as a result of which the quality of soil compaction was increased, while energy costs are reduced due to a decrease of metal consumption by at least 3 times in comparison with commercially available rollers. The vibrations created by the offered roller make it possible to destroy large soil fractions more effectively and ensure high-quality soil compaction. To determine suitable parameters of the soil-tilling roller, a set of studies was carried out in field conditions, by means of which suitable parameters of the proposed design of the vibrating roller were identified. Ballast weight and diameters of the pulleys on the shaft of the hollow cylinder were changed during the experiment, and the influence of these parameters on improvement criterion was also evaluated. Measurements of soil moisture, its density and structure were carried out in the course of the experiment. The experimental results were processed with modern software: Microsoft Excel, Statistica, etc. As a result of the experiment, it was revealed that the quality of soil compaction by the proposed vibrating roller is 24.7% better than that of KKZ-6 roller, which is widely used in agriculture. In this case, the improvement criterion kpl on the non-rolled section was 0.5, which is 82% lower than that of the proposed roller. The structure of the soil on the area rolled by the proposed roller fully meets the agrotechnical requirements. The proposed tillage roller of vibrating action is universal and can be used on different types of soils, provided that the ballast weight and the ratio of the pulley diameters on the axis of the hollow cylinder and on the smooth cylinder are regulated.

DESIGN OF A TRANSMISSION SYSTEM ON A BALL MILL MACHINE TO PROCESS HOMOGENIZATION OF BLACK POWDER USING AN AUTOMATIC SYSTEM

Abstract: In the military world, battle technology has experienced very rapid development, both close-range combat and long-range combat. In long-distance combat the technology that is often used is rocket technology where this rocket technology can paralyze the enemy in large numbers. Black powder is a mixture of potassium nitrate (KNO3), carbon powder (C) and sulfur (S). (Evie Lestariana, LAPAN). The black powder itself functions as an igniter filling material for the propellant combustion process. This research is to design a tool to support the manufacture of black powder in the igniter filling to help the combustion of rockets, especially those owned by the Indonesian Army. This study uses an experimental method using empirical calculations to get a tool with the desired specifications. Before carrying out the calculations, the author collects research data to carry out calculations, the data collected are as follows: 1. Roller shaft rotation: 246 rpm, 2. Roller shaft torque: 4.0697 Nm, 3. Roller shaft diameter: 25 mm, 4. Pulley shaft diameter top: 100mm. The results obtained after carrying out the calculations are the diameter of the driving pulley 98 mm, the belt contact angle against the pulley 174.6º, and the length of the V-belt 453.14 mm, moment of inertia on the gearbox output shaft 1884,8 mm4.

Calibration and Analysis of Mechanical Modeling for Traction Wire Rope of Mountainous Orchard Carrier

Low-cost transporting vehicles are a crucial routine for orchards in the mountainous place. As the core component of the mountainous orchard carrier, the wire rope is easily damaged due to frequent handling of agricultural materials. The mechanical model of carrier wire rope is the prerequisite for studying its damage mechanism. This paper first analyzes the load-bearing characteristics of the wire rope of the carrier and then uses the theory of differential geometry and the elasticity of the wire rope to establish the mechanical model of the wire rope side strand strain ε0 and the axial load T of the wire rope end face in the erect state and the radial contact pressure Fa of the wire rope at the bending section and the mechanical model of the axial tension F and the pulley diameter D of the wire rope end face. On the basis of the mechanical model and the wire rope geometric solid model, the finite element stress analysis of the wire rope in the vertical state was carried out to verify the accuracy of the wire rope stress model. The results show that when the wire rope was in the vertical state, the wire-wire contact stress was linear directly proportional to the load on the end face of the wire rope; the wire-wire contact stress between the strands was about 12 times that within the strand; the average error between the simulated value and calculated value was about 13.6%, proving the correctness of the established wire mechanics model. When the rope and wheel were in contact, the contact pressure of the outer wire of the side strand was only related to the axial tension of the wire rope end face and the diameter of the pulley but not to the elasticity modulus of the pulley.

Study on Damage Tests Based on Structure and Operating Parameters of Wire Ropes Used by Conveyors in Orchards

Abstract The regularity of wire rope breakage of new-type rail conveyors used in orchards is not clear yet. The breakage may be mainly associated with the diameter and material of pulleys, wire rope tension, and linear speed, as well as exposure to acid rain and sandy soil. This paper took wire rope structure and operating parameters as the research object, designed and built a simulation conveyor wire rope winding test platform based on programmable logic controller (PLC), and verified the feasibility of the system to automatically control wire rope tension, and then conducted the wire rope winding test. According to the tests, a wire rope will have earlier wire breakage and faster wear if it works at a higher speed or in greater tension—a wire rope reached the scrapping criterion after 2,000 cycles of working at the speed of 29.35 m/s or at the tension of 6,500 N. Sandy soil and acid rain are also great contributors to wire breakage, and finer sandy soil or greater acidity of acid will cause more severe wire breakage—a wire rope reached the scrapping criterion after 3,300 cycles of work if exposed to acid rain with pH value of 2.0. Pulley diameter also counts: the smaller the pulley diameter is, the less wear the pulley will cause; and pulley material also plays a part—Q235 steel pulley may cause greater wear than a nylon pulley. Wear and plastic deformation of outer wires lead to surface material loss of a wire rope, thereby resulting in crack or even fracture of single wires, greater tension of other unbroken wires, and accelerated wear of the whole wire rope to the scrap criterion. The study aims to provide a reference for optimizing the safety performance of conveyors in orchards, as well as for maintenance and care of wire ropes in other applications.

Rancang Bangun Mesin Poles Piringan Tunggal (Single Disc) Untuk Proses Metalografi

A polishing machine for the metallographic process is the equipment used to carry out surface preparations. The smooth surface is expected so that after etching it can be seen the micro or macrostructure of a material being studied with the aid of a microscope. In this research, we design and manufacture polishing machines. The main materials used in the process of designing this polishing machine are an electric motor (AC), carbon steel, cables, contactors, stainless steel plates, pushbuttons, emergency buttons, potentiometers, v belts, pulleys, bearings, hoses, and shafts. This method of the research process begins with calculating the diameter of the follower pulley, then continues with size planning, drawing work, making simple electrical wiring drawings, manufacturing components, and assembling and testing. This polishing machine for the metallographic process has been designed as a disk rotating speed of 600 rpm, an electric motor of 135W with a voltage of 220V, and also has a plumbing system. From the test results of polishing machine for metallography, the desired polishing results were obtained.

Dynamics and reliability analysis of the deployment process of spring folding wing

A “X” type spring folding wing is taken as the research object in this paper, and schematic diagrams of unfolding and locking process are drawn according to its structure and working principle. The theoretical model of kinematics and dynamics which considering the gravity moment is established by simplifying the geometric model of deployment mechanism of the folding wing, so the curve of deployment angle and angular velocity of the outer wing during the deployment process can be obtained. The pulley diameter, preload force and stiffness of the spring-actuated are taken as random variables, and the deployment time and angular velocity are regarded as evaluation indicators. The Monte Carlo method is used to analyse the reliability of deployment process of the folding wing, and the reliability of the deployment process is obtained. The results show that the reliability of the deployment process of the spring folding wing is high.

Development and Analysis of a Belt Picking System for Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Harvesting

In this study, a picker system with a belt-pulley mechanism, which can be used in sesame harvesting only to aim grabbing the plant stems, was designed and manufactured. In addition, the optimum working criteria were determined in laboratory conditions. To this aim, catching efficiency of the picker was evaluated statistically depending on different pulley diameters (155, 185 and 210 mm), belt speeds (0.55, 0.66 and 0.77 m s-1) and belt gaps (0 and 5 mm). The catching efficiency increased as the pulley diameter, the belt speed and the belt gap increased. The picking system was found to be successful on catching the plant stems. Furthermore, the coefficient of friction between the plant body and the catching belt was determined according to the stem moisture content. As the stem moisture content decreased, a slight decrease was observed in the coefficient of friction between the belt material and the stem.

Construction and Testing of Belt Conveyor System for Auchi Polytechnic Demonstration Farm

Materials handling is a very important aspect of post-harvest operation, the socio-economic value and shelf life of crops especially perishables depends largely on how they are conveyed from one place to another, a conveyor is a mechanical handling equipment that moves materials from one location to another. Many kinds of conveying systems are available, and are used according to the various needs of different industries. The aim of this paper is to construct a belt conveyor machine for Auchi Polytechnic demonstration farm. This paper contains the design calculations and considerations of belt conveyor system, in terms of size, length, capacity and speed, roller diameter, power and tension, idler spacing, type of drive unit, diameter, location and arrangement of pulley, angle and axis of rotation, control mode, intended application. The completed work will help to reduce human effort and at the same time increase the productivity and accuracy levels that cannot be achieved with manual operations. Keywords : Materials handling, Post-harvest operations, Belt Conveyor, Frame, Material handling equipment, DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/11-18-03 Publication date: September 30 th 2020

Rancang Bangun Turbin untuk PLTMH di Jalan Bintara Sungai Duren Kecamatan Jambi Luar Kota Kabupaten Muaro Jambi

This research was conducted to determine the characteristics of water turbine used on micro hydro Power Plant (PLTMH) by observing the influence of high variation falling water to the turbine generated round and rotation transmission variation with different pulley diameter to generate the rotation used for rotating the generator. The results showed that high water-falling water streams have an effect on the resulting rounds of turbines, and varying the pulley transmission system can also maximize the rotation on the generator.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM PENGGERAK TRAINER TRANSMISI MANUAL 5 PERCEPATAN TOYOTA KIJANG

The need for learning media in the Machine Element II course makes the transmission trainer to be immediately presented in order to become a means of supporting student learning. In a transmission trainer system a driving mechanism is needed so that the transmission can rotate. The drive mechanism must be reliable to ensure the transmission can rotate without constraints. Therefore, it is necessary to design and calculate in designing the transmission driving mechanism. The purpose of this study was to determine the design and calculation of the transmission trainer drive system. The design results show that the required motor specs are motors with 250 watts of power, driven pulley diameter 50 mm, driven pulley diameter 250 mm, distance between pulley axes is 335 mm. use v-belt type A with a length of 1175 mm. this drive system mechanism will produce a final torque of 393.01 kg.mm which is considered good because it is higher than the planned torque that is 325,85 kg.mm.

PERANCANGAN PROTOTYPE ALAT PENGURANG KADAR AIR PADA MADU KAPASITAS 5 LITER

The quality of Honey must meet the requirements set by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) in 2004. In the standard set, the enzyme diastase function is at least 3 DN, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) maximum 50 mg / kg, maximum air content is 22% b / b, sugar reducing at least 65% b / b,asucrose maximum 5% b / b, acidity maximum 50 milliecivalents / kg, solids not up to maximum 0.50% b / b, maximumAash content 0.50% b / b (BSN), 2004) To meetAthese standards designedAa tool that willAreduce the air content in honey without damaging it as it is vaccinated at -70 -70 bar with temperatures below 40 ° C. With the results of the balance shows: (1) electric motor with power ¼ HP with 1400 rpm rotation. (2) V-belt transmission with large outside pulley dimensions = 231.3 mm, small outer plley = 104 mm. Using a v-belt with no. 44 in / 1118 mm. Horizontal shaft with dimensions of large pulley shaft diameter = 18 mm and small pulley shaft diameter = 15 mm. (3) Using a gearbox damper with a ratio of 1:40. (4) Stirrer shaft with 304 grade stainless steel material with a length of 975 mm and a shaft diameter of 40 mm. (5) Stirrer impeller with six blade impeller type with dimensions of diameter 1667, mm and thickness of 3 mm. (6) Vessels with cylindrical types and having a thickness of 2.5 mm, a diameter of 500 mm and a length of 500 mm. With an ellipsoid head type with dimensions of 520 mm in diameter, 125 mm in height and 2.5 mm in thickness. (7) Frame with a profile of mild steel profile dimension dimensions of 40 mm x 40 mm x 2.5 mm.

Tribo-fatigue behaviors of steel wire rope under bending fatigue with the variable tension

Tribo-fatigue behaviors of steel wire rope under bending fatigue with the variable tension were presented in this study. A self-made bending fatigue test apparatus of steel wire rope under the variable tension was introduced. Fracture and wear mechanisms of steel wires in the rope were investigated employing the VW-9000E high speed camera. The total wear depth of both contacting wires was calculated in cases of distinct rope segments and different pulley diameters. The finite element method was employed to analyze three-dimensional contact behaviors between the rope and friction pulley in order to validate test results. The results show that the number of broken wires in the rope decreases in the order: the outer layer in the core strand, outer layer in the outer strand, inner layer in the core strand and center wire in the core strand. The tribo-fatigue damage between core and outer strands is larger than that between outer strand and friction pulley. Severe wear in the rope is located at the outer layer wire in the outer strand contacting the friction pulley, at contacting wires between neighboring outer strands, and at contacting wires between core and outer strands. The outer layer wire of core strand contacting with the outer strand presents several consecutive wear scars. The total wear depth of steel wire decreases with increasing pulley diameter and presents the fluctuating change with increasing bending fatigue cycles, which is the same case at various contact regions. Contact and damage locations in finite element analyses coincide well with the test results.

MESIN PENGIRIS PISANG DENGAN VARIASI DIAMETER PULLY TERHADAP PUTARAN DAN TEBAL IRISAN

This research is based on the background of many banana slicing machines needed by home industries. Therefore, to increase production capacity, simplify work and shorten work time with optimum results new innovations are needed. The purpose of this study was to make a prototype of a banana slicing machine with variations in pulley diameter to the rotational speed and thickness of the slices and to know the capacity of the banana slicing machine. The prototype of a banana slicing machine made using a 1400 rpm electric motor is assembled with a 40 mm pulley, to reduce the v-belt rotational speed to pulley with a diameter of 125 mm pulley, 150 mm, 175 mm. The capacity of the first pulley slices at a speed of 448 rpm, the pulley diameter of 125 mm is 7.66 grams / second and the slice thickness is 2 mm. The sliced capacity of the second pulley uses a 150 mm pulley diameter of 6.42 grams / second and a slice thickness of 1-2 mm. The capacity of the third pulley slice uses a 175 mm pulley diameter of 5.51 kg / hour and a slice thickness of 1 mm and not a rule.

Modelling a timing belt pitch

The paper deals with the problem of timing belt pitch significance for the dynamics of a timing belt transmission gear motion. Specific pitches of timing belts have been used for many years. They were previously reserved for belts made of rubber, while another group of pitches was intended for belts made of polyurethane. This division ceased to apply recently, and in addition there are belts with pitches which have not been used before, such as HTD9M or AT15. The paper presents the parameter that makes the pulley diameter and the pitch dependent on the number of teeth involved in meshing (coupling) with a pulley. It is an equivalent of the coverage factor occurring in cylindrical timing gears. Earlier studies on that parameter did not take into account the teeth unevenly spaced over the width of the belt. New pitches of belts may occur in "mass production" applications and they are applied more and more often. Thus it is important to bear in mind the consequences of changing the pitch of the timing belt in transmission gear structures.

Development of an electric drive train for cycles as a sustainable means of transportation for a green environment

Abstract A reliable and sustainable means of human transportation is vital for the world’s increasing pollution emissions and congestions on the motorways. The research aimed at and focused on developing an affordable electric drive train for cycles using the principle of Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) to provide an interminable number of speed ratios by varying the pulley diameters. The planetary gears designed and installed within the CVT chamber provided a locking mechanism for the ring gear to provide forward transmission to the rear wheel where motion was stepped up through an open differential gear to propel the cycle forward. For stability and ease of manufacture and assembly, a tricycle concept was chosen and developed as a sustainable and alternative means of transportation. The developed electric drive train provides a ‘green’ and affordable means of human transportation in a world geared towards the elimination of pollution.

Study on Resistance Loss of Wire Rope over Pulley

There are many factors affecting the resistance loss of wire rope over pulley, such as tension of wire rope, diameter of pulley, envelop angle and so on. In this paper, based on the mechanical model of wire rope over pulley, the bending effect of wire rope is considered. And the non-linear equations of exit tension with entry tension, pulley radius, envelop angle and bending stiffness are constructed. At last, the influence of various factors on resistance coefficient is analysed.

PENGARUH VARIASI DIAMETER PULLEY PADA MESIN PERAJANG BAWANG MERAH TERHADAP KAPASITAS RAJANGAN

This study of the influence of variations in pulley diameter driven on shallot chopper machines against the chaff yield capacity is motivated by the production and consumption of shallots in Indonesia is quite high, so it takes a red onion chopper machine to facilitate the handling and processing. The purpose of this study was to make a shallot chopper machine, to analyze the effect of variations in pulley diameter on the yield of onion chopping, and to analyze the results of onion chopping. In this study, the analyzed were chopper speed with variations in pulley diameter driven 6 inch, 7 inch, 8 inch and 1½ inch drive pulley diameter. The test method uses 200 grams of shallots per experiment with repetitions three times the experiment with variations of pulley driven 6 inches, 7 inches, and 8 inches. After testing, an analysis of the data obtained in the form of chaff yield capacity is completed. The best test results were obtained using variations in pulley diameter driven by 6 inches with a chopping yield capacity of 3.77 grams / second.

RANCANG BANGUN RASIO GEAR TERHADAP KECEPATAN PENGEROLAN PIPA

The basic principle of metal formation is a process that is done by giving shape changes on the workpiece. This shape change can be done by providing an outer force resulting in plastic deformation. The application of this metal formation can be seen in some examples such as rolling, bending, forging, extruding, wire drawing, deep drawing, and so on. In the process of formation of this metal is also used tooling (bending) whose function gives style to the workpiece, and direct the change of shape. Knowing the speed of the power forwarding system on the pipe roller machine starting from the power source until power is used as the work cycle, and to know the type of belt, the length of the belt used on the pipe roll machine. From this research can be concluded that: (1) In bending the thickness of 4 mm pipe the required power is 582.4 N with power of 0.4 hp then the motor required 1 hp, the diameter of the pulley used is 2 inch for motoran and 8 inch for the pivot reducer, belt used type B with length 44 inch, (2) To reach the rotation of ± 2 rpm ie pulley diameter used with the ratio of pulley ratio is 1: 4, the reducer is used with the value I = 60 and sprocket ratio 1: 3.

Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Sequential Precision Reach Movements.

Introduction: Sequential reach tasks are a common component of manual assembly jobs. These tasks typically involve manipulating a work object or material and reaching to successive target locations...